系统工程在中国如何进一步发展?——我们的几点建议

系统工程在中国如何进一步发展?本文提出了五点建议.总建议是高高举起系统工程中国学派即钱学森学派这面旗帜.探讨了系统工程人才培养的重要性与途径,提出了三条基本途径,并且建议创办钱学森院士等设想的新型学校.     

Systems engineering research

In this paper, we propose selected research topics that are believed central to progress and growth in the application of systems engineering （SE）. As a professional activity, and as an intellectual activity, systems engineering has strong links to such associated disciplines as decision analysis, operation research, project management, quality management, and systems design. When focussing on systems engineering research, we should distinguish between subjects that are of systems engineering essence and others that more closely correspond to those that are more relevant for related disciplines.     

系统论视域下的英文媒体新词语监测研究

本文从系统论的视角,对国内语言资源监测研究重新定位,指出国内英文媒体也属于语言资源的一部分,完整的语言资源监测研究系统还应包括对国内英文使用情况的监测。选取新词语作为监测对象,提出了国内主流英文媒体语料库建设和新词语提取方法。     

略论我国信息化建设系统的性质、要素及相互作用方式

信息化建设是一个开放的复杂巨系统。以系统工程方法对信息化建设系统的性质、要素及其相互作用方式进行了分析。     

Soft System Dynamics Methodology (SSDM): Combining Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) and System Dynamics (SD)

Soft System Dynamics Methodology (SSDM), a systemic methodology product of the combination of two widely used systems-based methodologies from two different systems thinking paradigms, Systems Dynamics (SD) and Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), is presented. The paper argues that by combining some of SD and SSM stages, within the intellectual framework proposed by SSDM, a methodology developed by one of the authors¹ much can be gained in a systemic intervention to tackle complex social problematic situations. A framework for comparing the ontological, epistemological and methodological principles of SD, SSM and SSDM is proposed and the synthesizing and dialectical role of SSDM is advanced. The 10 stages of SSDM are outlined and illustrated by an application on a small Peruvian company; and a set of conclusions and points for further research are discussed.     

Designing a Management System for a Rural Community Development Organization Using a Systemic Action Research Process

This paper describes the first phase, 'finding out', of a systemic participatory action research intervention in the management systems of a rural community development organization in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. The aims of the intervention were to (a) improve the management system of this organization, and (b) evaluate the usefulness of particular systems methodologies for the improvement of management systems of organizations involved in community development in under-resourced rural contexts. The second phase, "implementation," needs to be completed and thoroughly evaluated before any final conclusions can be drawn about the suitability of the chosen systems framework for Third World type rural contexts. However, the second phase is, at the time of writing, underway and all indications are that an interpretive ('Soft') Systems Methodology, combined with insights from a more functionalist ('hard') approach (with methods chosen through a Critical Systems Thinking framework) holds much promise for participatory systemic interventions in these contexts.     

分布式虚拟战场中的合成环境生成技术研究

合成环境(Synthetic Environment)是虚拟战场环境的至关重要的组成部分。该文首先对合成环境的现状进行了分析；然后在对合成环境数据描述和交换规范(SEDRIS)介绍的基础上，指出合成环境应由基本环境层、描述环境层和特殊环境层等部分组成。据此，提出了一种基于分布式虚拟战场环境需求的合成环境生成技术概念框架，并给出了基于此概念框架的一个初步实现。     

Integrating Participatory Learning and Action Research and Systems Ecology: A Potential for Sustainable Agriculture Transitions

This article explores the potential of integrating Participatory Learning and Action Research (PLAR) and Systems Ecology (SE) for improving research capability in facilitating sustainable development transitions in agriculture. Goal conflicts that arose in a PLAR group working on sustainability issues in small-scale organic tomato production are analysed from the perspective of SE. The possibility to improve agency for sustainable development by the merger of PLAR and SE are discussed. It is concluded that the approaches together could provide a sounder base for systemic research and transitions in agriculture.     

2000～2002年《系统工程》载文统计分析

对《系统工程》2000年至2002年刊载的论文及其作者和引文进行统计分析，揭示近年来我国系统工程的研究水平。探讨《系统工程》作者的地区分布和系统分布的特点，确定系统工程领域多产单位的数量和比例，研究引文数量、比例、语种、文献类型及年代。     

A Kind of Systems Methodology——The SPIPRO Principle

This paper deals with the Self-Increasing-Difficulty system (SIDIS) separated from general systems, with emphasis on the relevant methodology based on the Spiral Combining Propulsion Principle (SPIPRO principle in short). The system feature and its causative factors are analysed, and the implications and mechanism of the SPIPRO principle are discussed. Finally, the application possibilities of this methodology are illustrated with some examples.     

多模索引调制OFDM频谱及能量效率优化方案

为提高多模索引调制正交频分复用的能量效率(energy efficiency, EE)与频谱效率(spectrum efficiency, SE),提出优化方案和相应检测算法。该方案在不减小子块间最小欧式距离的前提下通过增加模式排列的种数使系统传递的索引信息量增加,从而提升系统SE。此外该方案引入空载模式使得部分信息的传输无需消耗能量,从而提升系统EE。同时提出改进的低复杂度最大似然检测算法以降低模式排列的检测复杂度。分析模式排列数及空载模式对误比特率(bit error rate, BER)性能的影响,并据此对引入空载模式后的多模式星座进行优化。仿真结果表明,优化方案的EE和SE都有所提升,且BER性能更优。     

“系统科学范式”研究述评

"系统科学范式"这一范畴正日益得到系统科学界重视。在国内外学术界视域下对之进行系统述评成为必要。本文系统阐述了国内外学术界有关系统科学范式的研究状况及内涵,并对之进行系统分析。     

并行FDTD方法结合加窗技术分析屏蔽效能

强电磁脉冲透过孔缝耦合到金属屏蔽腔体内部,会对电子系统产生干扰和破坏作用。采用三维并行时域有限差分法结合加窗技术研究含孔缝金属腔体的屏蔽效能。并行方法能明显缩短相同时间步下腔体内采样电场收敛所需的仿真时间,结合加窗技术对时域电场数据进行截断,能够减少并行时域有限差分法仿真所需的时间步,进一步提高计算效率,有助于快速高效地分析复杂系统中的电磁屏蔽效能。     

A Critical Heuristic Approach to the Establishment of a Software Development Process

The software development process for large software systems can be very complex, mainly in the case of development of innovation. There is no ready-made solution for this process. Rarely, if ever, can a solution be applied in a straightforward manner. Those involved in such software development need to make choices that will determine the features of the development process with consequences for its clients, who were not involved in the development but are affected by its results. The choices are inevitably influenced by the beliefs and values of the developers. Their judgments need to be made explicit so that people who are affected can eventually question these judgments.The Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH) is a systems methodology that makes it possible to examine the judgments made by those involved in the software development process. It offers tools to question such judgments.The application of the CSH to the software development process helps to illustrate the heuristic ability of the methodology to make evident the potential sources of misconception and its critical ability to identify imperfections in the conception of the software process.     

基于位平面熵及分布熵的图像检索

针对基于位平面熵进行图像检索存在的问题,提出了位平面熵的改进方法。该算法采用改进的位平面熵来消除熵的对称性对检索效果造成的影响。提出采用位平面分布熵来描述位平面的空间特征,解决了仅依靠位平面熵检索效率低的问题。结合位平面熵及位平面分布熵,给出了图像间的相似性度量准则。仿真实验证明,该算法无论在检索率、精确度还是平均正确率上都具有更好的检索效果。     

基于SE-ResNeXt网络的低信噪比LPI雷达辐射源信号识别

针对低信噪比(signal to noise ratio, SNR)低截获概率(low probability of intercept, LPI)雷达脉内波形识别准确率低的问题,提出一种基于时频分析、压缩激励(squeeze excitation, SE)和ResNeXt网络的雷达辐射源信号识别方法。首先通过Choi-Williams分布(Choi-Williams distribution, CWD)获得雷达时域信号的二维时频图像(time-frequency image, TFI);然后进行TFI预处理降低噪声干扰和频率维的位置分布差异,以适应深度学习网络输入;最后在ResNeXt基础上加入扩张卷积和SE结构提取TFI特征,实现雷达辐射源分类。实验结果表明,SNR低至-8 dB时,该方法对12类常见LPI雷达波形的整体识别准确率依然能达到98.08%。     

组织习惯域理论

习惯域理论是Po-LungYu于20世纪80年代初提出并进行系统研究的一种关于人的行为与决策模式的理论,我们称其为个人习惯域理论。组织和人一样,抽象来看是一个有机体,也有它的习惯域,我们称其为组织习惯域。提出了组织习惯域问题及其可能的研究内容。     

导弹武器系统效能评估方法研究

综合分析了目前使用的效能评估方法和模型 ,分析了它们使用范围和存在的问题 ,并针对导弹武器系统提出了一种新的评估方法———概率矩阵法。该方法克服了现有方法的局限性 ,它既可以评价某一具体战场环境下的效能 ,也可以综合评价导弹武器系统在某一类战场环境 (或某国的防御体系 )下的效能     

Toward a Buddhist Systems Methodology 1: Comparisons between Buddhism and Systems Theory

This paper compares some key concepts from Buddhism with ideas from different traditions of systems thinking. There appear to be many similarities, suggesting that there is significant potential for dialogue and mutual learning. The similarities also indicate that it may be possible to develop a Buddhist systems methodology to help guide exploration and change within Buddhist organisations.

Testament to conversations on critical systems thinking between two systems practitioners

This is a testament to conversations held in Berne and Fribourg, Switzerland, in late 1988. The main theme that we present concerns seeking to find an adequate epistemology for systems practice, to find a truly critical approach, by shifting our interests from systems science to systems rationality (i.e., by reaching out toward a systems epistemological ideal) and by dealing with sociological phenomena such as the effects of material conditions and false consciousness and inequalities associated with these. Social rationalities relating to positivism, interpretivism, and critique are considered. Limitations and legitimacies of these rationalities in social contexts are made explicit in these discussions.Conversations were held in Berne and Fribourg, Switzerland, between 30 November and 5 December 1988.