Investigation of electron transfer across the ice/liquid interface by scanning electro- chemical microscopy

Charge transfer across a liquid/liquid (L/L) interface is not only related to chemical sensors, drug delivery and phase transfer catalysis, but also significant for mimicking biological membranes[1—3]. The thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanism regarding of this type of heterogeneous transfer process have been intensively investigated in the past three decades. An external potential is usually applied to polarizing the interface in the case of conventional electrochemistry at L/L interfaces.…     

Study of ionizable drugs transfer across the water/1,2-dichloroethane interface with phase volume ratio equal to unity using a three-electrode system

In the past few decades, much attention has been paid to the experimental and theoretical investigations of electrochemical processes at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES). This is mainly due to the potential applications these systems have been found in chemistry and biology, such as phase-transfer catalysis, analysis with chemical sensors, drug lipophilic-ity and its consequences to drug delivery, and mimicking biological membranes[1,2]. Compared with the m…     

叶巢外睾吸虫雷蚴的组织学、组织化学及扫描电镜观察

运用组织学、组织化学及扫描电镜方法对叶巢外睾吸虫（Exorchis ovariolobularis)雷蚴进行了详细的观察、叶巢外睾吸虫雷蚴具有完善的摄食器官及强的活动能力，其强大的肌质咽在早期雷蚴首先分化出来，这是在钉螺媒介中叶巢外睾吸虫直接对抗血吸虫幼虫期的物质基础。     

Corrosion behavior of aluminum alloys in Na2SO4 solution using the scanning electrochemical microscopy technique

The corrosion behavior of aluminum alloys 1060 and 2A12 in a 10 mM Na₂SO₄+5 mM KI solution was investigated by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The potential topography and corrosion morphology results show that the potential of the sample surface over the same area changes with the increase of immersion time. The corrosion area becomes large, and the potential becomes more negative. The corrosion potential of the 2A12 alloy surface is lower than that of 1060 aluminum, and 2A12 alloy becomes easily corrosive. This is the reason that preferential dissolution in the boundary region of some intermetallic particles (IMPs) occurs and different dissolution behaviors are associated with different types of IMPs because of different potentials.     

Mechanisms of sodium and potassium ions transfer facilitated by dibenzo-15-crown-5 across the water /1,2-dichloroethane interface using micropipettes

The transfer of sodium and potassium ions facilitated by dibenzo-15-crown-5 (DB15C5) has been studied at the micro-water/1,2-dichloroethane (water/DCE) interface supported at the tip of a micropipette. Cyclic voltammetric measurements were performed in two limiting conditions: the bulk concentration of Na+ or K+ in the aqueous phase is much higher than that of DB15C5 in the organic phase (DB15C5 diffusion controlled process) and the reverse condition (metal ion diffusion controlled process). The mechanisms of the facilitated Na+ transfer by DB15C5 are both transfer by interfacial complexation (TIC) with 1∶1 stoichiometry under these two conditions, and the corresponding association constants were determined at log β1 = 8.97 ( 0.05 or log β1 = 8.63 ( 0.03. However, the transfers of K+ facilitated by DB15C5 show different behavior. In the former case it is a TIC process and its stoichiometry is 1∶2, whereas in the latter case two peaks during the forward scan were observed, the first of which was confirmed as the formation of K+(DB15C5)2 at the interface by a TIC mechanism, while the second one may be another TIC process with 1∶1 stoichiometry in the more positive potential. The relevant association constants calculated for the complexed ion, K+(DB15C5)2, in the organic phase in two cases, logβ2, are 13.64 ( 0.03 and 11.34 ( 0.24, respectively.     

Influence of low energy ballistic electron on the transmittance properties of Au/Si interface studied by ballistic-electron-emission microscope

Conclusions The electronic properties of Au/Si interface are investigated with a homemade ballistic-electron-emission microscope. The spatial distribution of Schottky barrier height is detected. Irreversible changes of ballistic transmittance of local interface with typical size of a few hundred of angstroms in diameter are observed by raising the tip voltage temporarily. Ballistic-electron-emission spectroscopy indicates that the electron transmission probabilities are reduced significantly inside the modified region, which is attributed to the Au-Si intermixing and other chemical reactions occurring at the interfacial layer stimulated by the injected energetic hot electrons.     

STM用于超精机械加工表面微观形貌检测与分析的研究

通过自行研制扫描隧道显微镜(Scanning Tunneling Microscope，以下简称STM)检测了超精机械加工试件表面微观形貌，生成三维立体形貌图，对微观形貌图进行分析，了解相关的加工机理及微观表面形貌缺陷发生的原因，为提高超精加工表面质量及优化加工工艺过程提供了一些参考依据。     

大蛾卵跳小蜂触角感受器的扫描电镜观察

【目的】明确大蛾卵跳小蜂雌雄成虫触角感受器的类型、数量和分布特征,为探究各感受器的内部结构、感受机制及相关功能提供基础。【方法】利用扫描电镜观察大蛾卵跳小蜂的触角结构、长度及触角感受器的形态特征;鉴定感受器的类型,统计触角背面和腹面不同类型感受器的数量、位置。通过独立样本t检验比较触角长度和同类感受器的长度、宽度、数量在雌、雄蜂间的差异;比较不同亚节上感受器的数量、分布密度在雌、雄蜂间的差异。【结果】大蛾卵跳小蜂触角呈膝状,雌蜂的触角总长[(806.79±4.30) μm]大于雄蜂触角总长[(781.13±7.13) μm]。雌蜂触角鞭节有9亚节,包括6索节和3棒节;雄蜂触角鞭节有7亚节,包括6索节和1棒节。雌、雄蜂触角上都着生7种类型感受器,分别为毛形感受器(TS)、刺形感受器(ChS)、钟形感受器(CaS)、板形感受器(PS)、乳状感受器(MS)、Böhm氏鬃毛(BB)、指形感受器(FS)。TS和FS都分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型。雌蜂和雄蜂上TS的数量最多、分布最广,TSⅠ和TSⅡ在雌雄间的数量无显著差异。雌蜂ChS、FSⅠ的数量显著大于雄蜂相同类型的感器数量;雌蜂BB、FSⅡ的数量显著小于雄蜂相同类型的感器数量。PS、CaS、MS的数量在雌雄蜂间无显著差异。观察发现,从触角基部到端部,感受器类型和数量越来越多,密度越来越大。【结论】雌、雄蜂触角感受器的总量较为接近,但不同感受器数量、大小和分布存在差异,具有明显的性二型现象;跳小蜂科昆虫中存在钟形感受器;大蛾卵跳小蜂的触角鞭节可能在寄主定位、识别、产卵等过程中起到更重要的作用。     

Transmission electron microscopy investigation of the Ar+ ion irradiation effect in semiconductor GaAs

Room temperature irradiation effect of GaAs compound semiconductor by 100 keV Ar⁺ ions has been systematically studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. The dose dependenceoof the Ar⁺ ion irradiation and room temperature annealing effects have been investigated. The experimental results show that the structure of GaAs transforms from perfect crystalline through weakly and severely damaged crystalline to amorphous states with the increase of the irradiation dose and the damaged states are changed during room temperature annealing. Yang Xiangxiu: born in 1968, Doctor     

锦鲤鳃表面亚微形态结构特征的扫描电镜研究

用扫描电镜对锦鲤（Brodcarded Carp）鳃的表面亚微形态结构进行了详细的观察。结果表明：鳃耙、鳃弓、鳃丝及鳃小片的上皮细胞都有不同形状的隆嵴和刻纹等结构;鳃小片的上皮细胞表面凹凸不平;鳃丝上皮细胞的隆嵴和刻纹较为发达,这些形态结构是与它的生理功能及生活习性密切相关的。     

Three-dimensional observation of the phase structure of high density polyethylene （HDPE）/poly（ethyleneco-butene） （PEB） blend by laser scanning confocal microscopy

In this paper,high density polyethylene (HDPE)/poly(ethylene-co-butene) (PEB) blend (50/50 wt%) was prepared through solution blending and then compression molding,and subsequently examined by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The PEB used in this experiment was labeled with a small quantity of a fluorescein derivative to render fluorescence. The initial films showed uniform dye dis-tribution and no indication of phase separation within the resolution of optical microscopy. Sample films annealing at 140℃ followed by rapid cooling to room temperature showed obvious phase sepa-ration and bicontinuous structure. The present work indicates that by labeling one component with fluorescein derivative,LSCM can efficiently perform in situ depth profiling of polymer blends.     

Adsorption and reaction of CO and O2 on the Ag/Pt(110) surface studied by photoemission electron microscopy

The Ag/Pt(110) model catalyst was prepared by evaporating silver on Pt(110). Adsorption and reaction of CO and O₂ on Ag/Pt(110) surface were studied in situ by photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) during the pressure range of 10^-5——10^-2 Pa at 480 K. The Ag/Pt(110) surface consisted of Pt(110), AgPt interface and Ag area after annealing at 500 K. The dosing pressure of CO and O₂ had a larger influence on their adsorption on the Ag area than on the Pt(110) and AgPt interface. Small Pt clusters formed on the Ag area and AgPt interface, which had a stronger ability to adsorb CO than Pt(110) terrace. The existence of Ag had an obvious influence on the kinetic of CO oxidation on Pt(110). No pattern was observed on the AgPt interface under the same condition when the formation of reaction-diffusion waves occurred on Pt(110).     

四噻吩与富勒烯(C60、C70、C84)间光致电子转移效率的研究

借助荧光猝灭可以观测和研究导电聚合物与富勒烯之间的电子转移效率及机理.文章通过对四噻吩/富勒烯相关原始数据的校正处理,排除了竞争吸收与重吸收对荧光谱值的影响,获得了能真实体现四噻吩与富勒烯(C60、C70、C84)之间荧光猝灭率的数据.     

One approach to calculating the solvent reorganization energy of intramolecular electron transfer

On the basis of the electromagnetic field theory and the spherical cavity approximation.the expressions of Gibbs free energies under equilibrum and non-equilibrium solvation conditions are obtained by solving the electrostatic potential equations with boundary conditions.The surface charges produces by the orientational polarization of equilibrium solvation are taken fixed in the case of non-equilib-rium situation ,for the slow-response of the orientational polarization to electron transfer of the solvent molecules.A new expression of solvent reorganization energy has been obtained and this method is applied to the electron transfer systems.NO^ /NO,NO2^ ,NO2,and NO2^ /NO,The solvent reorganization energies have been evaluated.     

蒸发镀铝过程中铝液对蒸发舟表面腐蚀的研究

利用场发射扫描电子显微镜和电子能谱分析了工业应用中的二硼化钛/氮化硼导电陶瓷蒸发舟与金属铝液的反应.通过对蒸发舟与金属铝液接触面的显微形貌和成分分析得出该成分蒸发舟的失效机制为液态铝与舟体表面BN发生反应生成AlN,体积膨胀降低了导电相TiB2颗粒的连接,导致舟体电阻增加及发热不均匀,最后失效.对改善蒸发舟性能,提高其使用寿命提出了建议.     

添加Co3O4纳米颗粒引起的残余结构应变对粉末冶金制备的Al/Co3O4纳米复合材料的结构、硬度和磁性能的影响

Al composites are of interest due to their appropriate ratio of strength to weight. In our research, an Al/Co₃O₄ nanocomposite was generated using a sintering technique. The powders of Al with various Co₃O₄ nanoparticle contents (0wt%, 0.5wt%, 1.0wt%, 1.5wt%, 2.0wt%, and 2.5wt%) were first blended using planetary milling for 30 min, and compressed in a cylindrical steel mold with a diameter of 1 cm and a height of 5 cm at a pressure of 80 MPa. The samples were evaluated with X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Vickers hardness, and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Although the crystallite size of the Al particles remained constant at 7–10 nm, the accumulation of nanoparticles in the Al particle interspace increased the structural tensile strain from 0.0045 to 0.0063, the hardness from HV 28 to HV 52 and the magnetic saturation from 0.044 to 0.404 emu/g with an increase in Co₃O₄ nanoparticle content from 0wt% to 2.5wt%.     

AM1 andab initio studies on the internal reorganization energy of self-exchange electron transfer reactions of several quinone derivatives

The semiempirical AM1 method, ab initio (HF/3-21G, 6-31G, 6-31G(d), 6-31+G(d)) and DFT (B3LYP/6-31G(d), 6-31+G(d)) methods were used to optimize the geometry of DDQ and its anion radical . Nelsen’s model was used to calculate the internal reorganization energy ?i of self-exchange electron transfer (ET) reactions. The calculated l _i results of by AM1 and B3LYP/ 6-31G(d), 6-31+G(d) methods are close to each other and consistent with the reported values; while those from Hartree-Fock methods are too large because of not considering the effect of electron correlation. The structure and ET behavior of couple were studied by AM1 and DFT (B3LYP/6-31G(d), 6-31+ G(d, p)) methods, and those of (n = 1—7) were studied by AM1 method for the first time. The results indicate that the values of the heat of formation of MQ_n increases with the increasing of the length of the isoamylene substituent chains. It also shows that the length of substituent has little effect on the bond lengths, bond angles of ring A, ring B and the dihedral angles of ring B, but it has considerable effect on the dihedral angles between the plane of ring A and oxygen atoms. The calculated l _i results of and (n = 1—7) indicate that not only the changes of high frequency vibrations, corresponding to the changes of bond lengths and bond angles, contribute to l _i of (n = 1—7), but also do those of the low frequency vibrations, corresponding to the changes of dihedral angles of MQ_n and . The contribution from the change of low frequency vibrations between the plane of ring A and oxygen atoms to the l _i values of (n = 1—7) is greater than 1.60 kJ/mol; in addition, the contribution from the changes of the low frequency vibrations of the isoamylene substituent to the l _i values of and is about 2 kJ/mol.     

Abnormal piezoresponse behavior of Pb（Mg1／3Nb2／3）O3-30% PbTiO3 single crystal studied by high vacuum scanning force microscopy

The piezoresponse behavior dependence of the Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-30%PbTi03 single crystal on the vacuum degree has been investigated by scanning force microscopy in the piezoresponse mode under high vacuum. Unusual piezoresponse behavior related to the screening charges compensation mechanism is observed on the (111) crystal face. The significant piezoresponse degradation behavior with low piezoresponse signal under high vacuum is attributed to the instability of the polarization state due to the insufficient compensation of the intrinsic screening charges for the polarization charges in PMN-30%PT single crystal. In contrast, the remarkable domain contrast of the sample at ambient pressure is owing to the dominant surface screening charges deriving from surface adsorption, which plays an important role in determining the stability of the domain behavior and in achieving the optimal properties.     

负极材料Li4Ti4.75Cu0.25O12/SnO2的合成及电化学性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和化学沉积法制备了Li4Ti4.75Cu0.25O12/SnO2复合活性材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、恒流充放电测试对材料进行结构、形貌表征及电化学性能测试。结果表明:Li4Ti4.75Cu0.25O12/SnO2复合活性物质能够进一步改善倍率性能的同时,循环性能也得到了很好的保证。当电压在1~3 V时,电流密度为1C倍率条件下,Li4Ti4.75Cu0.25O12/SnO2复合材料首次放电比容量高达202.55 m A·h/g。经过50次循环后,容量仍保持在202.51 m A·h/g,容量保持率高达99.98%。     

CaCl_2-NaCl熔盐中Fe~(3+)电化学行为的循环伏安分析

利用ZrO_2(Y_2O_3)固体电解质管集成构建Pt,O_2(air)|ZrO_2作为参比电极的电化学电池,采用循环伏安法在1273、1323、1373、1393K温度下对溶解0.5%Fe2O3的CaCl2-NaCl共晶熔盐中Fe~(3+)的电化学行为进行研究,分析了Fe~(3+)在Pt电极上的还原机理,并计算了电极反应交换电子数、Fe~(3+)扩散系数与Fe~(3+)扩散活化能等电化学参数。结果表明,在实验温度范围内,熔盐中Fe~(3+)在Pt电极上还原为Fe的反应是一步还原并受扩散控制的可逆过程;随着温度升高,Fe~(3+)扩散系数增大,Fe~(3+)扩散活化能为97.91kJ·mol-1。另外,本实验测得的Fe~(3+)扩散系数与文献值基本相符,因此,可以认为利用该电化学电池装置研究溶解有Fe2O3的CaCl2-NaCl溶盐的电化学行为是可行的。