Roles of protein kinase C in oocyte meiotic maturation and fertilization

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a superfamily of Ser/Thr protein kinases that is distributed widely in eukaryotes. It plays key regulatory roles at multiple steps of oocyte meiotic maturation and fertilization. During the process of meiotic maturation, the activation of PKC in cumulus cells stimulates meiotic maturation, whereas the activation of PKC in oocytes results in the inhibition of germinal vesicle breakdown. PKC activity increases following the meiotic maturation, and decreases at the transition of metaphase/anaphase in meiosis I, so as to facilitate the release of the first polar body and the entry of meiosis II. In fertilization of mammalian oocytes, PKC may act as one of the downstream targets of Ca2+ to stimulate the cortical granule exocytosis, release the oocytes from MII arrest and to induce pronucleus formation. PKC is also involved in the regulation of maturation promoting factor (MPF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Several PKC isoforms have been identified in mammalian oocytes, and there is evidence showing that classical PKCs may be the principal mediator of oocyte cortical reaction.     

酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)Sch9蛋白激酶PDK1位点体内磷酸化的研究

根据Sch9氨基酸序列中激活区570位苏氨酸（T570）位点，也被称为PDK1位点附近的氨基酸序列设计了一段磷酸化多肽，并获得了570位磷酸化苏氨酸特异性抗体. 实验表明该抗体可有效区别Sch9 PDK1位点的磷酸化和非磷酸化. 使用该抗体检测生理条件下表达的Sch9蛋白，发现Sch9的PDK1位点在生理条件下发生了明显的磷酸化.     

蛋白激酶与植物渗透胁迫耐受研究进展

蛋白激酶是一类能使其他蛋白质磷酸化的酶.在植物中,蛋白激酶几乎参与植物生命周期中一切生理调节过程.渗透胁迫是植物生长发育过程中常见的非生物胁迫,植物对渗透胁迫耐受的机理一直是研究的重点.本文着眼于植物渗透胁迫反应,详细介绍了分裂原激活蛋白激酶(MAPK)、钙依赖而钙调素不依赖的蛋白激酶(CDPK)、受体蛋白激酶(RPK)、核糖体蛋白激酶、转录调控蛋白激酶等多种蛋白激酶在植物逆境信号识别与转导中的作用,综述其研究进展及前景.分析了当前在植物抗渗透胁迫蛋白激酶研究中存在的问题,进而对解决问题的途径进行了探讨.     

Modulating multidrug resistance through inhibiting of protein kinase C activity by phenothiazines

In the present study, actions of phenothiazines(PTZ) in reversing multidrug resistance(MDR) and inhibiting PKC activity were investigated. It was found that the three PTZs caused 2.49, 36.58 and 75.78 fold reversal of K562/AO2 MDR cells resistant to adriamycin, respectively, while the chemosensitizer verapamil caused 40 fold reversal in the same condition, indicating that PTZ11 is a novel reversal agent of MDR and a potential chemotherapeutic reagent for tumor therapy. PKC activity analysis in the presence of PTZs showd that PTZ6 and PTZ11 inhibited rat brain protein kinase C activity in a manner of dose_dependent. The IC 50 values were (489.77±31.4) and (113±9.64) μmol/L, respectively. PTZ7 had no inhibition on PKC activity. Further study showed that PTZ11 could reduce PMA_mediated activation of PKC in a manner of dose_dependent, suggesting that PTZ11 might compete for the high_affinity phorbol ester binding site within PKC molecule. Recently, an X_ray structure of PMA in complex with PKC Cys2 activator_binding domain was solved. We therefore decided to explore the possible binding model of PTZ11 with PKC molecule using SYBYL 6.02 program. It was shown that the binding site of PTZ11 with PKC molecule partially overlapped with that of PMA, providing for the first time new data for designing PKC inhibitors and MDR reversal drugs.     

Roles of MAP kinase signaling pathway in oocyte meiosis

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a family of Ser/Thr protein kinases expressed widely in eukaryotic cells. MAPK is activated by a cascade of protein kinase phosphorylation and plays pivotal roles in regulating meiosis process in oocytes. As an important physical substrate of MAPK, p90^rsk mediates numerous MAPK functions. MAPK was activated at G2/M transition during meiosis. Its activity reached the peak at MⅠ stage and maintained at this level until the time before the pronuclear formation after fertilization. There is complex interplay between MAPK and MPF in the meiosis regulation. Furthermore, other intracellular signal transducers, such as cAMP, protein kinase C and protein phosphotase, ect., also regulated the activity of MAPK at different stages during meiosis in oocytes. In the present article, the roles of MAPK signaling pathway in oocyte meiosis are reviewed and discussed.     

Regulations of thyroid hormone on cardiac protein kinase C signal pathway in vitro

The experiments were conducted to assess the influences of thyroid hormone on cardiac protein kinase C(PKC) signal pathway with cultured cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts as the models. Cells were pretreated with 1% newborn calf serum (NCS) or angiotensin II (Ang II), and then following by a triiodothyronine (T3) treatment. The PKC activity, PKC_α and PKC_ε expressions were analyzed and compared. In 1% NCS pretreatment, T3 could inhibit PKC activity and PKC_ε expression in cardiac myocytes. The AngII pretreatment led to an increase of PKC activity and PKC_ε expression in cardiac myocytes, and an increase of PKC activity in cardiac fibroblasts. Following by T3 treatment, the increased PKC activity and PKC_ε expression in cardiac myocytes were markedly decreased. In conclusion, whether in 1% NCS or in Ang II pretreatment, T3 could inhibit PKC activity and PKC_ε expression in cardiac myocytes. Foundation item: Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (98091) Biography: WANG Bao-hua (1974-), female, Ph. D, research direction: cardiovascular pathophysiology.     

酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae )蛋白激酶SCH9激活环磷酸化调控胁迫应答

通过比较野生型、△sch9和△sch9(SCH9-3HA)三种酵母茵种在葡萄糖、半乳糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖作碳源培养基上的生长表型研究SCH9是否参与酵母不同碳源代谢利用调控.结果显示,△sch9细胞茵落大小较野生型细胞小且有明显的生长缺陷,但这种生长缺陷在重新获得sch-3HA基因后得到恢复.通过比较野生型、△sch9和△sch9(SCH9-3HA)三种酵母茵种在渗透压胁迫和热胁迫条件下的生长表型发现sch9可能参与了酵母胁迫应答.利用抗SCH9570位磷酸化苏氨酸特异性抗体(anti-T570-P),通过变性免疫沉淀和免疫印迹方法,研究了生理条件下的△sch9(SCH9-3HA)细胞裂解液中SCH9激活环的磷酸化状态.结果显示,在生理条件下SCH9激活环T570位点发生了明显磷酸化.进一步研究了渗透压胁迫条件下SCH9激活环T570位点的磷酸化水平.结果表明,渗透压胁迫条件下SCH9激活环T570位点磷酸化水平较生理条件下显著增强.结果显示SCH9可能通过增强激活环磷酸化水平来参与调控酵母不同碳源代谢和胁迫应答.     

蓝藻真核型蛋白质激酶与信号传导

对最近10年在蓝藻中找到大量编码Ser／Thr基因的研究结果进行了综述,并对这些蛋白质激酶在信号传导中的作用模式做了讨论．     

MAPK信号转导通路与HCMV感染

MAPK信号转导通路参与了HCMV的感染过程.MAPK通路中的ERK和p38通路在HCMV复制周期中起重要作用,它通过磷酸化转录因子引起病毒及宿主相关基因的转录,从而调控HCMV的复制.HCMV的包膜糖蛋白及其他多种基因表达产物可通过不同的机制以一定时序激活MAPK通路,调节自身及宿主细胞相应基因表达,以利于病毒完成其生活周期,并参与病毒的致病过程.深入研究MAPK信号转导通路与HCMV感染的关系可为治疗HCMV感染引起的疾病提供新的治疗靶点.     

一氧化氮的细胞内信号转导

从多个方面对一氧化氮(NO)的细胞内信号转导途径进行了阐述。     

Characterization of a calmodulin binding protein kinase from<Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis thalian</Emphasis>

A full-length calmodulin binding protein kinase cDNA ,AtCBK1 ,from Arabidopsis has been isolated by screening of an Arabidopsis cDNA library and by 5′-RACE-Northern blot and in situ hybridization indicated that the expression of AtCBK1 was more abundant in the vascular bundles and the meristems than in other tissues,The phylogenetic analyses revenl that AtCBK1 is different from animal CaMKs and it falls into CRK subgroup,indicating that they may come from different ancestors,The result suggests that AtCBK1 encoldes a CaM-binding serine/threonine protein kinase.     

酪氨酸激酶抑制剂在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

恶性肿瘤正一直严重威胁着人类生命，尽管诊断和治疗水平有所进步，但很多肿瘤生存率一直很低。近年来随着科学的发展，我们对肿瘤的生物学特性有了更深一步的认识。人类蛋白酪氨酸激酶（PTKs）在肿瘤的发生发展过程中起着非常重要的作用，它已成为一种很有前景的肿瘤治疗新靶点。PTKs抑制剂研究已成为当今世界抗肿瘤研究的热点领域，这些药物在临床前期研究中已显示很好的抗肿瘤效应，一些正在临床上作为很有前景的抗癌药。特别是BCR-ABL酪氨酸激酶抑制剂imatinib（STI571）在治疗慢性髓细胞白血病显著成功使得科学家们更热心于投入这一领域的研究，目前，至少有30多种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂在肿瘤治疗的不同临床试验阶段，大约120多个临床试验正在世界范围内进行。在此对酪氨酸激酶在肿瘤中的作用及酪氨酸激酶抑制剂在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展作一综述。     

新型双芳基脲类Bcr-Abl激酶抑制剂的设计与合成

设计一系列新型双芳基脲类化合物作为潜在的Bcr-Abl激酶抑制剂。以2-吡啶甲酸,5-硝基吲唑,6-硝基喹啉等为原料合成了6个双芳基脲类化合物,结构经过1H-NMR鉴定。合成的6个目标化合物,均未见文献报道。     

Overinhibition of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inducing Tau Hyperphosphorylation

To reveal the relationship between mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and tau phosphorylation, we used different concentration of PD98059, an inhibitor of MEK (MAPK kinase), to treat mice neuroblastma (N2a) cell line for 6 h. It showed that the activity of MAPK decreased in a dose-dependent manner. But Western blot and immunofluorescence revealed that just when the cells were treated with 16μmol/L PD98059, tau was hyperphosphorylated at Ser396/404 and Ser199/202 sites. We obtained the conclusion that overinhibited MAPK induced tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser396/404 and Ser199/202 sites.     

重组酵母Saccharom yces cerevisiae蛋白激酶Sch9的分泌表达与活性鉴定

为了深入研究蛋白激酶Sch9的生物化学特性,在Pichia pastoris酵母KM71H菌种中分泌表达并纯化了重组Sch9蛋白.进一步通过体外磷酸化实验分析了重组Sch9蛋白的蛋白激酶活性.通过重组蛋白质工程的手段初步研究了Sch9蛋白的生物化学和酶学特性.     

一个水稻蛋白激酶的过表达分析及表达调控

对一个预测的具有光反应活性的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶STK进行过表达研究,构建了STK过表达载体,并用农杆菌介导的方法进行遗传转化,获得T0代转基因植株.对转基因阳性植株进行表达分析的结果表明,转基因植株STK基因的表达量显著高于对照,说明目的基因得到了过表达.另外,利用获得的过表达转基因植株对STK调控水稻中光周期相关的开花基因Hd1和Hd3a的表达进行分析,结果表明,Hd1及Hd3a的表达在转基因植株中明显上调,表明该蛋白激酶的基因可能位于Hd1和Hd3a上游,对于Hd1和Hd3a的表达具有重要的调控作用.     

Cytoskeleton-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation involved in induction of differentiation in mouse melanoma cells

The malignancy of a cancer is due partly to its poor differentiation. Genistein, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is found to induce the highly malignant B16-BL6 mouse melanoma cells to differentiate to mature phenotypes. When Triton X-100 insoluble fraction of the differentiated cells is prepared and analyzed, tyrosine phosphorylation levels of three cytoskeleton-associated proteins (65, 60 and 53 ku respectively) are found to decrease dramatically. But no any change is found when phosphotyrosine contents of the cytosol fraction or the total cellular protein preparations are evaluated. It is concluded that cytoskeleton-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation may be involved in the control of differentiation of cancer cells. The decrease of phosphotyrosine contents of cytoskeleton-associated proteins may be one of the important mechanisms underlying the differentiation induction of cancer cells by anticancer agents.