Failure of somatostatin to influence experimental tumor cell growth in vivo and in vitro

Summary The influence of somatostatin on tumor cell growth was studied in vivo in mice (sarcoma 180 ascites tumor and Lewis lung tumor) and in vitro on nontransformed and polyoma-transformed cell lines. 4 or 20 g/100 g of cyclic somatostatin and 4 g/100 g of linear protamin Zn-bound somatostatin were injected s.c. twice daily in the in vivo study. Cyclic somatostatin (1, 4 or 10 g/ml) was added twice daily to the cell cultures. Somatostatin administration influenced neither the survival of animals nor the growth rate of cultured cell lines. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A2025117 00011     

Are there cyclic variations in estradiol secretion in the non-pregnant rabbit?

Summary Plasma estradiol-17 (E2) concentration was measured in 5 adult non-pregnant rabbits each in 3 different seasons (January, April and September). Blood samples were taken from each rabbit every other day. There was a considerable variation in plasma E2 levels from one sampling day to another, irrespective of the season. The pattern of variation in E2 levels in individual rabbits tended to be cyclic and this cycle was roughly of the order of 8 days. There was no correlation between changes in E2 levels and those in the vaginal appearance. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A2025089 00013This study was supported by the Ford Foundation, and the Swedish Medical Research Council (project No. 4781).     

Extrapyramidal pathways with monosynaptic effects upon primate α-motoneurons

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Inhibition of sodium transport in frog skin by cardiac glycosides of different molecular structure

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Cellular antigens in myxo- and paramyxoviruses as revealed by immunodiffusion methods

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The use mitochondrial mutants of yeast in the screening for new antimetabolites

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The “day of Brahman” in the work of Āryabhata

Summary In the astronomical treatise ryabhatya of ryabhata several verses are interpolated, namely all those verses in which either Brahman was mentioned or extremely large periods were introduced. The interpolator was known to AlBrn as ryabhata of Kusumapura, who belongs to the school of the elder ryabhata. The aim of the interpolator was to bring the teaching of the elder ryabhata into accordance with the revelation of Svayambh. Svayambh is another name for Brahm.     

Structural differences of cone ‘oil-droplets’ in the light and dark adapted retina ofPoecilia reticulata P.

Summary The vast majority of oil-droplets in the dark and light-adapted retinal twin-cones ofPoecilia reticulata is of the matrix-type. In bright light (day light+overhead strip light) there occurs in some regions a very pronounced numerical change from matrix to cristate-type, whereas other regions remain unaffected. The functional significance of these differences is discussed.     

Do the respiratory muscles and lung receptors influence the respiratory sensitivity to CO2?

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A study of excitation-contraction coupling in frog tonic muscle fibers ofRana temporaria

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Defensive steroids from a carrion beetle (Silpha americana)

Summary The defensive anal effluent discharged bySilpha americana in response to disturbance contains a mixture of steroids stemming from a glandular annex of the rectum. The compounds have been characterized as 15-hydroxyprogesterone (1, principal component), 5-pregnan-15-ol-3, 20-dione (2), 5-pregnan-3, 15-diol-20-one (3), 5-pregnan-7, 15-diol-3,20-dione (4), 5-pregnan-3, 7, 15-triol-20-one (5), 5-pregnan-16-ol-3,20-dione (6), and 5-pregnan-3, 16-diol-20-one (7), none previously found in insects. Bioassays with jumping spiders showed compounds1 and6 to be feeding deterrents at the 1 g level.Paper No. 78 of the series: Defense Mechanisms of Arthropods. Study supported by NIH (Grants AI-02908, AI-12020). We thank Maura Malarcher and Maria Eisner for excellent technical help, and the Squibb Institute of Medical Research for samples of authentic reference compounds.     

Effect of some monoamine oxidase inhibitors on deamination of biogenic monoamines by rat liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase

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Mass spectrometric determination of the amino acid sequence in arginine-containing peptides

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The role of repair in radiobiology

Summary Apart from cancer and mutation induction, radiobiological effects on mammals are mostly attributable to cell death, defined as loss of proliferative capacity. Survival curves relate retention of that capacity to radiation dose, and often manifest a quasi-threshold (shoulder). The shoulder is attributable to an initial mechanism of repair (Q-repair) which is gradually depleted as dose increases. Another form of repair, which is not depleted (P-repair), increases the dose required to deliver an average of one lethal event per cell (dose D₀). Neither form of repair can unambiguously be linked with repair of defects in isolated DNA. An important initial lesion may well be disruption of the complex structural relationship between the DNA, nuclear membrane and associated proteins. One form of P-repair may be restoration of that structural relationship.     

Responses of the resistance and capacitance vessels reflexly induced from the cardiac chambers

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Über die «absoluten» Bewegungen der Milchstrasse und der nächsten Spiralnebel

Summary (1) The milky way is moving absolutely (relative to the light-ether) with a velocity of at least 600 km/s in the direction of the absolute movement of the earth (A=78°,D=+40°).(2) The point of symmetry of the absolute velocities of the spirals is situated about 1,120,000 parsec from the milky way in the direction of the antapex of his absolute movement, and it has taken 1·83 milliards of years for the milky way to cross this distance.(3) Probably the next spirals are forming with the milky way as a center a group with a common parallel movement like that one of the milky way.     

Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibits collagen synthesis in human and rat granulation tissue fibroblasts

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) on collagen gene expression in rat and human granulation tissue fibroblast cultures. The cells were exposed to 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 ng/ml of TNF-, and the rate of collagen synthesis was measured as synthesis of protein-bound³H-hydroxyproline. Total cellular RNA was isolated from fibroblasts, and measurements of specific cellular RNAs from fibroblasts were performed by Northern blot hybridizations using³²P-labeled cDNA probes. In cultures of rat granulation tissue fibroblasts TNF- decreased³H-hydroxyproline production to about 75% of that in controls and it also decreased pro1(I) and pro1(III) collagen mRNA levels, maximally to 33% and 23% of the control levels, respectively. In cultures of human granulation tissue fibroblasts a similar inhibiting effect in the production of collagen was seen. TNF- decreased the production of³H-hydroxyproline to 56% of the control value with a dose of 100 ng/ml also having an inhibiting effect on pro1(I) collagen mRNA levels of up to 43% of the control level. However, no effect was seen on pro1(III) collagen mRNA levels.     

Etude de l'hydrolyse et des propriétés toxiques vis-à-vis des mitochondries de maïs Texas,d'un insecticide,le méthomyl ou S-méthyl-N [(méthylcarbamoy)oxyl] thioacétimidate

Summary Methomyl, or S-methyl-N [(methylcarbamoyl)oxy] thioacetimidate, a common insecticide, has been found to be a specific poison of mitochondria of corn with Texas cytoplasm. Its hydrolysis under very mild acidic conditions affords thiomethyl methylthiosulphonate, which strongly inhibits the activity of CmST and N mitochondria of corn.     

“The True” in Gottlob Frege's “Über die Grundlagen der Geometrie”

In this essay, I examine the metaphysical and metalogical ramifications of Gottlob Frege's controversy with David Hilbert and Alwin Korselt, over Hilbert's Grundlagen der Geometrie. These ramifications include(1) Korselt's original appeals to general metatheoretic Deutungen (interpretations);(2) Hilbert's puzzling belief that whatever is consistent in some sense exists; and(3) Frege's semantic monist conviction that theoretical sense and reference (mathematical and other) must be eindeutig lösbar (uniquely solvable).My principal conclusions are(4) that Frege's position in (3) represented a pervasively dogmatic presumption that his newly discovered quantification theory must have a propositional metatheory (the True; the False); and(5) that this needless assumption adversely affected not only his polemic against the moderate semantic relativism of Hilbert and Korselt, but also his reception of type-theoretic ideas, and greatly facilitated his vulnerability to the sort of self-referential inconsistency Russell discovered in Grundgesetz V.These conclusions also seem to me to provide a conceptual framework for several of Frege's other arguments and reactions which might seem more particular and disparate. These include(6) his arbitrary restrictions on the range of second-order quantification, which undercut his own tentative attempts to give accounts of independence and semantic consequence;(7) his uncharacteristic hesitation, even dismay, at the prospect that such accounts might eventuate in a genuinely quantificational metamathematics, whose Gegenstände (objects) might themselves be Gedanken (thoughts); and, perhaps most revealingly(8) his otherwise quite enigmatic, quasi-stoic doctrine that genuine formal deduction must be from premises that are true.A deep reluctance to pluralize or iterate the transition from theory to meta-theory would also be consonant, of course, with Frege's vigorous insistence that there can be only one level each of linguistic Begriffe (concepts) and Gegenstände (objects). With hindsight, such an assumption may seem more gratuitous in the philosophy of language (where it contributed, I would argue, to Wittgenstein's famous transition to the mystical in 6.45 and 6.522 of the Tractatus); but its more implausible implications in this wider context seemed to emerge more slowly.In the mathematical test-case discussed here, however, such strains were immediately and painfully apparent; the first models of hyperbolic geometry were described some thirty years before Frege drafted his polemic against Hilbert's pioneering exposition. It is my hope that a careful study of Frege's lines of argument in this relatively straightforward mathematical controversy may suggest other, parallel approaches to the richer and more ambiguous problems of his philosophy of language.Niemand kann zwei Herren dienen. Man kann nicht der Wahrheit dienen und der Unwahrheit. Wenn die euklidische Geometrie wahr ist, so ist die nichteuklidische Geometrie falsch, und wenn die nichteuklidische wahr ist, so ist die euklidische Geometrie falsch.No one can serve two masters. One cannot serve truth and untruth. If Euclidean geometry is true, non-Euclidean geometry is false, and if non-Euclidean [geometry] is true, Euclidean geometry is false. Über Euklidische Geometrie [Frege 1969], p. 183.     

C-18 hydroxy steroids from the Mediterranean gorgonianLeptogorgia sarmentosa

Summary Five new polyoxygenated steroids, 24-methylcholesta-1,4,22E-trien-16, 18,20-triol-3-one (1), cholest-1,4,22E-trien-16, 18,20-triol-3-one (2), 24-methylcholesta-4,22E-dien-16, 18, 20-triol-3-one (3), cholesta-4,22E-dien-16, 18,20-triol-3-one (4) and 27-nor-24-methylcholesta-4,22E-dien-16,18,20-triol-3-one (5), have been found in a marine organism, the gorgonianLeptogorgia sarmentosa.This work has been done with the financial support of Progetto Finalizzato der la Chimica Fine e Secondaria, C.N.R., Roma. The authors are grateful to Zoological Station of Naples for collecting the gorgonian. Thanks are also due to Mr A. Crispino and Mr G. Scognamiglio for their technical assistance.