玉米中的细胞程序性死亡及其遗传机制

玉米是主要农作物之一,也是一种重要的模式研究植物。玉米生长发育过程中自始至终伴随着细胞程序性死亡（programmed cell death PCD）,这些PCD大致分为三大类,一类是正常生长发育过程中的PCD,一类是抗病过程中的PCD或突变模拟病斑;另一类是外界逆境因素诱导的PCD。在玉米中已发现许多细胞死亡突变体,导致这些突变的一般是一个已知的可转座元素,这样便可通过转座子标签法来分离这些突变体的相应基因。对这些突变体的分析将阐明玉米PCD的分子机制及遗传调控,大而为人工控制玉米PDC提供理论基础,并将为其它植物的PCD研究提供一种模型。     

缺磷条件下植物根内通气组织的形成

在水培条件下研究了低磷胁迫对小麦、玉米、菜豆和番茄根解剖结构的影响.结果表明经过一定时间的胁迫,小麦、玉米及菜豆根皮层部分薄壁细胞开始解体形成通气组织,而在同样的试验条件下,番茄无类似的现象.双子叶植物菜豆和番茄根部皮层部分所占整个根横切面的比例在低磷胁迫条件下明显增加,可能是由于低磷环境中生长的植株中柱次生发育缓慢引起的,而在不同磷水平条件下生长的单子叶植物小麦和玉米其皮层及中柱部分所占比例在整个实验期内均保持恒定,高磷和低磷处理间无明显差异.由于该实验可保证植物根系充足的氧气供给,所以可以推论在缺磷植株体内出现的通气组织还可能具有其他生理作用.     

乙烯利对绿豆下胚轴不定根形成的促进作用

乙烯利在10~（－8）～10~（－5）mol／L浓度范围内,对绿豆下胚轴切段不定根形成有一定的促进作用．10~(－8)mol/L乙烯利与10~(－4)mol／LIBA混合处理,生根数比二者单独处理生根数之和高出10．38％,即两者表现出协同效应．绿豆下胚轴切段切下后0～12h和36～48h两个时间段内用乙烯利处理,其不定根发生率较高,说明在绿豆下胚轴不定根形成的诱导期和起始晚期外施适当浓度的乙烯有利于根原基形成,并促进不定根发生．     

福建省四种水生植物营养器官结构特征与环境影响的研究

分布在福建省的四种水生植物;眼子莱（Potamogeton distinctus A.Bennett）、鸭舌草[Mono-choria vaginlis(Burm.f)Presl ex Kunth]、圆叶节节莱[Rotala rotundifolia (Buch-Ham)Koehne]、水马齿（Callitriche stagnalis Scop）营养器官的结构研究发现;根以不同的方式形成通气组织,中柱小、木质部及机械组织不发达;茎中通气组织发达,中柱小,皮层厚,具内皮层及凯氏带;叶具发达的通气组织。这些结构特征均与水生环境相适应。另外,水马齿茎的皮层细胞中尚含有叶绿体。     

细胞编程性死亡在高等植物发育中的作用

细胞编程性死亡（PCD）是具有积极生物学意义的细胞死亡，植物PCD参与了植物胚胎发育、植物各器官的形成与衰老和植物抵御外界伤害等多种生理过程．     

豌豆顶芽衰老过程中的显微、超微结构和mDNA的变化

显微、超微结构研究表明，短日照条件下豌豆顶芽的衰老过程是从营养生长锥向花芽的转化，而用DNA原位末端标记（TUNEL）、Caspase-8 Western Blot和140 bp DNA片断积累的试验结果证明，转化为花芽的整修生长锥细胞发生了编程性死亡（PCD），而且其最顶端部分细胞首先发生PCD，而顶端周围的分子生组织细胞逐渐分化出花芽的各部分，但顶芽最后并没有发育成为完整的花，所有细胞就都发生PCD，从而顶芽衰老。     

钙离子可能参与放线菌素D诱导的玉米细胞凋亡

钙在动物细胞凋亡的信号转导中起重要作用，其最直接的作用是激活钙依赖性核酸酶，导致DNA的特异片段化。然而，关于钙在植物细胞程序性死亡中的作用的报道很少。本文以玉米根尖分生组织为材料，利用RNA合成剂放线菌D诱导细胞死亡，并从形态和生化方面检测到这种细胞死亡是一种程序性死亡，并从形态和生化方面检测到这种细胞死亡是一种程序性死亡（programmed cell death,PCD)。利用钙离子特异性结合荧光染料wazo-1研究的结果表明，在死亡程序启动的瞬间，胞质内钙离子浓度急骤上升。意味着钙信号转导途径可能参与了这种PCD。这种PCD在DNA严重断裂之前是可以逆转的。     

H2O2介导的NO合成参与乙烯诱导的拟南芥叶片气孔关闭

利用药理学实验、激光共聚焦显微技术结合遗传学手段,证明光下乙烯利可诱导拟南芥叶片气孔关闭,且具有时间和剂量效应．乙烯利能够明显增加气孔保卫细胞和叶片的H2O2和NO水平,且H2O2和NO清除剂均明显抑制乙烯利诱导的拟南芥叶片气孔关闭．硝酸还原酶（NR）、NADPH氧化酶和细胞壁过氧化物酶的抑制剂可不同程度抑制乙烯利的作用．乙烯利亦可明显诱导Atnoal突变体叶片气孔关闭及NO的积累,但对nial,nia2突变体没有明显影响．清除H2O2可减弱乙烯利对NO含量和NR活性的诱导效应,说明H2O2和NO均参与乙烯诱导的拟南芥叶片气孔关闭,且NO（主要由NR途径合成）可能位于H2O2下游参与调控这一信号通路．     

秋茄木榄繁殖体的结构及其生态特异性

秋茄、木榄繁殖体的解剖结构表明，伴随着胎萌现象的发生，胚胎在生长发育过程中结构上发生高度特化，子叶表面发达的吸收组织与子叶吸收作用密切相关；内生性胚根，可使幼嫩的根端免遭外界环境影响；胚轴内中柱鞘细胞的存在保证了植株具有发达的根系以适应海岸环境。结果表明，秋茄、木榄胚轴结构有趋同现象，两者角质层都较厚，皮层内通气组织发达，皮层薄壁细胞都呈网状纤维素加厚。     

玉米中的细胞程序性死亡及其遗传机制

玉米是主要农作物之一 ,也是一种重要的模式研究植物。玉米生长发育过程中自始至终伴随着细胞程序性死亡 (programmedcelldeathPCD)。这些PCD大致分为三大类 ,一类是正常生长发育过程中的PCD ;一类是抗病过程中的PCD或突变模拟病斑 ;另一类是外界逆境因素诱导的PCD。在玉米中已发现许多细胞死亡突变体 ,导致这些突变的一般是一个已知的可转座元素 ,这样便可通过转座子标签法来分离这些突变体的相应基因。对这些突变体的分析将阐明玉米PCD的分子机制及遗传调控 ,从而为人工控制玉米PCD提供理论基础 ,并将为其它植物的PCD研究提供一种模型。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with