Cubature Kalman probability hypothesis density filter based on multi-sensor consistency fusion①

The GM-PHD framework as recursion realization of PHD filter is extensively applied to multi-target tracking system .A new idea of improving the estimation precision of time-varying multi-target in non-linear system is proposed due to the advantage of computation efficiency in this paper .First, a novel cubature Kalman probability hypothesis density filter is designed for single sensor measure -ment system under the Gaussian mixture framework .Second , the consistency fusion strategy for multi-sensor measurement is proposed through constructing consistency matrix .Furthermore, to take the advantage of consistency fusion strategy , fused measurement is introduced in the update step of cubature Kalman probability hypothesis density filter to replace the single-sensor measurement .Then a cubature Kalman probability hypothesis density filter based on multi-sensor consistency fusion is proposed .Capabilily of the proposed algorithm is illustrated through simulation scenario of multi-sen-sor multi-target tracking .     

Proposed Methodology for Generation of Building Information Model with Laserscanning

For refurbishment and state review of an existing old building, a new model reflecting the current state is often required especially when the original plans are no longer accessible. Laser scanners are used more and more as surveying instruments for various applications because of their high-precision scanning abilities. For buildings, the most notable and widely accepted product data model is the IFC product data model. It is designed to cover the whole lifecycle and supported by various software vendors and enables applications to efficiently share and exchange project information. The models obtained with the laser scanner, normally sets of points ("point cloud"), have to be transferred to an IFC compatible building information model to serve the needs of different planning states. This paper presents an approach designed by the German Research Center in Karlsruhe (Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe) to create an IFC compatible building information model from laser range images. The methodology through the entire process from data acquisition to the IFC compatible product model was proposed in this paper. In addition, IFC-Models with different level of detail (LoDs) were introduced and discussed within the work.     

Fast and accurate measurement of diffusion coefficient by Taylor’s dispersion analysis

This investigation aimed at improving the performance of Taylor’s dispersion analysis for the fast and accurate measurement of diffusion coefficient of a minute solute in various solvents. The investigation was carried out on a capillary electrophoresis instrument by monitoring the UV absorption peak of a solute pulse and calculating the diffusion coefficient by peak efficiency. With L-phenylalanine as a main testing solute, some key factors were afterward disclosed including especially the capillary size, carrier flow velocity, injection volume and capillary conditioning. Peak tailing, large volume of sample injection and slow migration were found to underestimate the diffusion coefficient while very fast migration and high sample concentration caused overestimation. At a moderate flow velocity of 0.1―1 cm/s with a capillary of 72.44 μm I.D.×60 cm (50 cm effective) maintained at 25℃, the diffusion coefficient of aqueous L-phenylalanine was determined, giving a value of 7.02×10-6 cm2/s with error <2% and relative standard deviation <0.2% (n=3). The method was shown to be applicable to the measurement of various samples such as aqueous phenylalanine, acetone, phenol, toluene and benzene, and nonaqueous benzene (in ethanol or 1-butanol).     

Application of EEG multipole model in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease

In order to find the electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristic parameters typical of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and explore an effective diagnostic method, a new mobile current multipole model was proposed to simulate the AD patient’s cortical dipole source activities. The indicators of goodness of fit (GOF) and DtononD (DD) were calculated from EEG samples to evaluate the performance of this model. Relevant results showed that this multipole model with higher GOF values and larger DD change well fitted the pathological electrical activities of cortical neurons aroused by AD’s extended sulcus and gyrus in the cerebral cortex. Meanwhile, the products of DD mean & standard variance were found in a clear linear correlation with the diagnostic data of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) used in AD clinics. Furthermore, by tracing this multipole model’s indicators in typical patients and contrasting with the functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI) as AD progressed, we suggested that the DD index may be suitable for monitoring the AD developments as a new diagnostic parameter.     

Application of EEG multipole model in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease

In order to find the electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristic parameters typical of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and explore an effective diagnostic method, a new mobile current multipole model was proposed to simulate the AD patient’s cortical dipole source activities. The indicators of goodness of fit (GOF) and DtononD (DD) were calculated from EEG samples to evaluate the performance of this model. Relevant results showed that this multipole model with higher GOF values and larger DD change well fitted the pathological electrical activities of cortical neurons aroused by AD’s extended sulcus and gyrus in the cerebral cortex. Meanwhile, the products of DD mean & standard variance were found in a clear linear correlation with the diagnostic data of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) used in AD clinics. Furthermore, by tracing this multipole model’s indicators in typical patients and contrasting with the functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI) as AD progressed, we suggested that the DD index may be suitable for monitoring the AD developments as a new diagnostic parameter.     

Re-mention of an old neurodegenerative disease: Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the most common form of neuropsychiatric disorder,is characterized by neuronal degeneration and inexorably progressing dementia,especially in the elderly population.With a rapidly aging population in both developed and developing countries,AD has emerged as one of the largest growing problems worldwide.Current drugs improve the symptoms of AD,but do not have any profound intervention to delay its onset.Thus,understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the genes tied to AD will be crucial to the development of therapeutic targets.This review will summarize the aetiology,pathology,and the evidence for the genetic components in AD,discuss the proposed amyloid cascade and the following tau hyperphosphorylation hypothesises,oxidative stress mediated neuronal cell death,as well as the function of Retromer complex during the developing of AD.Our laboratory’s current research progress and the challenges that still remained will be also highlighted.     

Distribution of α-MSH -like immunoreactive cells in the nervous system, Hatschek’s pit and other tissues of amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri

Immunohistochemical localization of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in the nervous system, Hatschek’s pit and other tissues of amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri) was performed using the antibody against synthetic α-MSH. The results revealed that α-MSH-like immunoreactive cells were distributed at the dorsal side and ventral side of the brain vesicle, the dorsal side and the surrounding of central tube in the nerve tube, the epithelial cells of Hatschek’s pit, and zones 1, 3 and 6 in endostyle and hindgut. The immunoreactive substance was also found in the primary oocytes of the small and large growth stage of ovary and early stage spermatogenic cells in testis. These findings indicate that α-MSH is an ancient and highly conserved hormone and it is extensively distributed in amphioxus. Although Hatschek’s pit in amphioxus do not have a structure of the intermediate lobe of vertebrate adenohypophysis, it has already hosted α-MSH-like endocrine cells, implying that the functional differentiation of α-MSH-like cells occurred earlier than the differentiation of the tissue structure. The results of present study provided new evidence for the endocrinology of Hatschek’s pit and the origin and evolution of vertebrate adenphypophysis.