服装热湿舒适性和材料的热湿传递特性(摘要)

服装的热湿舒适性是指人体着装后在不同的气候环境中,人体与环境间不断进行热湿能量交换,在这种能量交换达到平衡时,人体感到既不冷又不热,既不闷又不湿的舒适满意的一种性能。服装在热湿能量交换中起着重要的调节作用,随着服装调节作用的进行,经过物理。生理、心理等因素的相互复杂作用,使人体处在感到舒适满意的热湿平衡中。在这种状态下,人的各种器官才能处于正常生理状态,才能进行正常的工作和生活。服装热湿舒适性是人、服装、环境之间的生物热力学的综合平衡,是环境气候条件、人体活动水平、服装款式和服装材料性能等多种因素的综合协调。其中构成服装的物质基础——服装材料的热湿传递特性是影响服装舒适性的重要因素。本文以人体为基本出发点,通过对人体生理——服装功能——环境气候之间关系的分析,探讨了服装热湿舒适性的形成机理,并就服装材料的热湿传递特性及其对服装热湿舒适性的影响进行了讨论。     

功能性三维服装CAD中的数值人体模型

讨论了构造三维着装人体模型对计算过程复杂度的影响及所遇到的技术难点,并以着装状态下服装热、湿舒适性分析预测为例,通过模拟"人体-服装-环境"之间的动态热湿交换来预测系统内相关温度与湿度的动态分布.     

逆温差条件下织物热湿舒适性的测试与研究

研究了在环境温度高于人体体表温度(称逆温差)条件下,服装用织物的热湿舒适性能,提出使用当量热阻、热阻、湿阻及透气率作为在此条件下织物的热湿舒适性物理指标,指出了在此条件下其特殊含义.并且用织物微气候仪测试了此条件下7种织物的热湿舒适性指标,与对比穿着试验的结果进行了分析,得出了一些初步规律.     

织物结构参数对人体热响应影响数值分析

针对着装人体的热、湿舒适性问题,联合改进的25节点人体热调节模型和服装热湿耦合模型,模拟了人、服装、环境系统的瞬态热、湿传递过程．人体模型中考虑了汗水积聚的影响;服装模型中考虑了水蒸汽扩散、液汗毛细传递和蒸发／凝结、纤维湿吸附／解析;针对不同厚度和孔隙率的服装比较了人体的热响应及服装温、湿度变化．数值分析表明,在高温高湿环境下穿厚度大、孔隙率小的服装较穿厚度小、孔隙率大的服装,皮肤温度、皮肤表面出汗率高,干热损失少．模拟结果可以为服装热、湿舒适性定量设计提供指导。     

衣内微气候测试系统的设计

介绍一种基于单片机和LabVIEW构成的衣内微气候测试系统.使用这一系统测试服装内的温湿度,为科学评价服装的热湿舒适性提供先进的测试手段.测试系统分为下位机温湿度采集端与上位机数据处理端.数据采集端以单片机为核心,结合外围温湿度传感器负责温湿度信号的采集;数据处理端以LabVIEW为系统软件开发环境,实现了与下位机(单片机)的串口传输,温湿度数据的图形化显示,文件存储功能.测试结果表明,表内微气候测试系统测试准确,工作可靠,可用于服装热湿舒适性测量及其他相关领域.     

服装开口部位对着装热舒适性的影响

服装开口是促进衣下空间与外界环境之间热交换的重要途径.采用暖体假人和人体生理试验方法,在无风和有风两种条件下,对胸部、背部和腋下等不同部位开口及无开口状态下的服装热阻、平均皮肤温度、衣下湿度和主观舒适感等指标进行测量.研究结果显示,服装开口部位对服装总热阻有影响,腋下开口的服装热阻最低;服装开口部位对人体体温调节有显著影响,在胸部和腋下开口有助于增强衣下空气与外界环境之间气体交换,增加对流和蒸发散热,从而减缓皮肤温度和衣下湿度升高.试验结果同时表明,风速对服装热阻及人体各项生理指标的影响更为显著.总体而言,服装腋下部位开口对人体热湿生理调节起到促进作用,具有较好着装舒适感.     

医用防护服用非织造布的热湿舒适性能研究

测试了医用防护服用非织造布的结构特征参数，热湿舒适性方面的透湿透气性，以及KES测试的低负荷下各项力学性能等各项性能。分析了非织造布相较于传统医用服装机织面料在热湿舒适性、触觉舒适性度成型性等方面的特点。通过所设计的实验装置用DL-700C红外热像仪监测了模拟表下微气候的热湿传递特性，以及不同状态时面料表面温度的变化规律。提出了织物表面温度变化率作为表征非织造布的热湿舒适性能的评价指标。     

微小气候热湿传递过程的仿真分析

将微小气候热湿传递机理模型及数值分析方法应用于人体—服装—环境这一系统的热湿传递动态过程，通过计算机仿真分析了各种特性参数对微小气候温度场和水蒸汽分压场的影响。     

浙江省服装工程技术研究中心 浙江理工大学服装学院

<正>浙江省服装工程技术研究中心依托浙江理工大学服装学院,于2011年11月经浙江省科技厅正式批准建设。工程中心主任由浙江理工大学服装学院院长邹奉元教授担任,学术委员会主任由苏州大学刘国联教授担任。主要研究方向为:①数字化服装工程:研究三维人体测量、人体建模、服装面料仿真、三维服装虚拟展示、MTM(单量单裁)技术和服装CAD等;②人体工学与服装舒适性:研究服装热湿舒适性、暖体假人技术、服装压力舒适性和形态舒适性的测试和评价,功能和智能服装的研制等。③服装设计与技术:研究服装设计原理、结构设计、工艺设计、装备和服装可加工技术、先进制造技术,以及与服装     

辐射供冷空调系统下的人体热舒适性研究

为了深入研究辐射供冷空调系统下的人体热舒适性,对辐射供冷空调系统的传热机理进行了分析,合理简化了人体热平衡方程,获得了人体显热散热量、辐射对流散热量比与热舒适性的关系。实验及数值模拟结果表明:在辐射供冷空调系统下,人体热舒适性指标(PMV)与人体显热散热量之间具有较好的线性关系,利用该线性关系,可从人体热平衡的角度直接对人体热舒适性进行评价;人体辐射对流散热量比与热舒适性指标之间没有明显的相关关系,即人体辐射对流散热量比对热舒适性没有影响。因此,在保证人体热舒适性的基础上,可以通过提高人体辐射对流散热量比,即使辐射供冷空调系统具有较大的辐射末端面积、较低的辐射末端温度或较高的送风温度,从而达到建筑节能的效果。此项研究可为辐射供冷空调系统的热舒适性评价及系统设计提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that