Dissolution behavior and dissolution mechanism of palygorskite in HCl solution

The 1 mol/L, 3 mol/L and 5 mol/L HCl solutions were employed to leach two palygorskites with different trioctahedral contents in their crystal structure for different period of time. The results of the dissolution experiments show that the dissolution process could be divided into three steps, and that this dissolution behavior can be attributed to its higher Mg2+ content, and is restricted by the extraction behavior of Si4+. The preferential extraction for Mg2+ promotes the extraction behavior of Si4+ from Si-O framework. Because the Si4+ in the form of amorphous SiO2 is adsorbed onto the surface of palygorskite fibre, the reaction between palygorskite and acid is obstructed. With the elapsing of time, or the increasing of the acid concentration, the amorphous SiO2 flocculates, and then the channels of chemical reaction are reopened. The ratio value of Mg2+/(Fe3++Al3+) in leaching solution tends to a fixed value, showing that the acid attacks not only the surface but also the structural channels. There are no obvious three steps observed during the acid attack on the palygorskite with a lower trioctahedral content. The differential behavior for two palygorskites is discussed.     

Effect of diboron trioxide on the crushing strength and smelting mechanism of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite pellets

The effect of diboron trioxide (B₂O₃) on the crushing strength and smelting mechanism of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite pellets was investigated in this work. The main characterization methods were X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, mercury injection porosimetry, X-ray diffraction, metallographic microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the crushing strength increased greatly with increasing B₂O₃ content and that the increase in crushing strength was strongly correlated with a decrease in porosity, the formation of liquid phases, and the growth and recrystallization consolidation of hematite crystalline grains. The smelting properties were measured under simulated blast furnace conditions; the results showed that the smelting properties within a certain B₂O₃ content range were improved and optimized except in the softening stage. The valuable element B was easily transformed to the slag, and this phenomenon became increasingly evident with increasing B₂O₃ content. The formation of Ti(C,N) was mostly avoided, and the slag and melted iron were separated well during smelting with the addition of B₂O₃. The size increase of the melted iron was consistent with the gradual optimization of the dripping characteristics with increasing B₂O₃ content.     

The radiolytic behavior and mechanism of calixarene crown ether under γ-irradiation

Bis(2-propyloxy)calix[4]crown-6 (BPC6) is an effective separation agent for cesium removing from spent nuclear fuel. The study on radiolytic behavior of BPC6 itself under γ-irradiation was required for evaluating its feasibility of practical application. It was found that BPC6 exhibited excellent radiation stability at dose less than 100 kGy. However, the isopropyl groups in BPC6 under- went oxidation and dealkylation to form carbonyl groups and phenolic hydroxyl groups at dose above 300 kGy, respectively. When the dose was more than 1000 kGy, the ring opening of crown ether structure of BPC6 resulted in the formation of phenolic hydroxyl groups as well. The formation of radiolytic products containing phenolic hydroxyl groups during the irradiation of BPC was confirmed by using FeCl 3 as a probe. Combining with the radiolytic behavior of two model chemicals (1-isopropoxybenzene and benzo-18-crown-6 ether), the radiolytic behavior and mechanism of BPC6 under -irradiation was testified further.     

Remote sensing model and dynamic mechanism for seasonal changes of the euphotic depth in the East China Sea

Based on remote sensing data and models, spatial distribution of the monthly euphotic depth in the East China Sea in 1998 has been obtained. The character of the seasonal changes of the euphotic depth is summarized, and the dynamic mechanism of the key influencing factors is analyzed. The results indicate that the controlling factors of the seasonal changes of euphotic depth in the East China Sea are the seasonal changes of temperature, diluted water from the Yangtze River, the ocean currents and the front process of different water masses.     

Effects of HNO3 concentration on the pit morphologies of aluminum foil etched in HNO3–HCl and HNO3–H2SO4–HCl solutions

In this work, the effects of HNO₃ concentration on the pit morphologies of high-cubic-texture aluminum foil etched in HNO₃–HCl and HNO₃–H₂SO₄–HCl solutions were investigated. When the aluminum foil was etched in HNO₃–HCl solutions, the morphologies of pits transformed from irregular tunnels to typical tunnels (as inverted pyramids) and shallow cuboids as the HNO₃ concentration in the etchant solution was increased. However, as the HCl concentration in the etchant solution was increased, the morphologies of pits transformed from shallow cuboids to typical tunnels (as inverted pyramids) and irregular tunnels. When the aluminum foil was etched in n N HNO₃–(7.2?n) N H₂SO₄–0.8 N HCl solutions, the morphologies of the pits transformed from typical tunnels (i.e., the number of sub-tunnels formed on the main tunnels increased) to irregular tunnels (corrugated tunnels and polyline tunnels) as the HNO₃ concentration in the etchant solution was increased. These effects are attributed primarily to corrosion on the (100) and (010) faces of pits being accelerated and to the (001) faces being prone to passivation to different degrees when various concentrations of HNO₃ are added to the etchant solutions.