穿越地裂缝带地铁隧道结构应力预测方法研究

西安地处国内地裂缝发育最强烈的汾渭盆地,地裂缝的活动性会造成地铁隧道结构扭曲及衬砌面开裂并影响地铁的施工及安全运营.采用特殊材料制作几何相似比常数为1∶20的地裂缝与地铁隧道结构相互作用的隧道模型,通过对隧道模型结构应力监测数据与应力预测值进行对比分析揭示了地裂缝位错作用下隧道的变形破坏规律,并建立了地铁隧道结构应力的预测模型.试验结果表明:随着地裂缝位错量的增加,位于隧道结构上部的地裂缝上盘压力增加、下盘压力减小,位于隧道结构下部的上盘压力迅速减小、下盘压力持续增加;位于地裂缝下盘的隧道结构上部整体受拉而下部整体受压,位于地裂缝上盘的隧道结构上部先受压后受拉;位于地裂缝下盘的隧道结构沿纵向发生向下的弯曲变形致使其环向应变表现为拱底受压而拱顶和左右两拱腰均受拉的受力特点;指数平滑法对初始观测值的要求低且受异常值影响小可作为隧道结构应力预测的首选方法,当应力值达到预警值时进行报警采取适当的加固措施可保证地铁隧道的正常施工与安全运营.     

地铁隧道穿越地裂缝处施工技术探讨

地裂缝地质灾害是地下隧道工程建设的重大难题之一,地裂缝附近洞体结构的科学处置是地铁隧道线路长期稳定正常使用的关键.通过对西安地裂缝特征的概述,分析了地铁隧道施工穿越地裂缝处时受到的不良影响,探讨了具体的施工技术.     

地裂缝场地隧道暗挖地表沉降影响因素分析

以西安地铁6号线区间隧道穿越f8地裂缝为工程背景,对传统交叉中隔墙(cross diaphragm,CRD)工法隧道开挖施工穿越地裂缝场地全过程进行了三维有限元动态数值模拟,分析了开挖方向、隧道埋深、隧道洞径以及隧道穿越地裂缝的角度4个因素对暗挖隧道穿越地裂缝场地施工地表沉降的影响.结果表明:地表沉降曲线随开挖进尺均呈...     

地铁盾构隧道30°斜穿地裂缝的物理模拟试验

为了研究30°斜穿地裂缝的盾构隧道管片衬砌结构在地裂缝影响下的变形破坏模式和影响规律,从西安地铁盾构隧道工程背景和西安地裂缝地质环境出发,根据相似理论设计了盾构隧道管片衬砌结构模型试验的相似常数,对模型混凝土、模型钢筋、结构围岩、模型管片及其连接螺栓参数等进行了设计.该结构模型试验能对结构钢筋、混凝土进行应变测量,对结构接触土压力和结构外围土压力、结构内部收敛位移、模型顶表面土体变形等进行观测.借助地基沉降试验平台,通过自锁式千斤顶的缓慢下降,实现对地裂缝上盘相对下降的模拟,地裂缝的活动速率和错动量通过工控机控制自锁式千斤顶的运行速率和行程来实现.试验结果表明:该试验设计满足地裂缝活动下30°斜交盾构隧道管片衬砌结构变形破坏模式和破坏范围研究的需要,能实现模型试验目标;地基沉降试验平台能较好地模拟地裂缝的活动.     

地裂缝场地下地铁振动荷载传播特性试验研究

为了研究地裂缝场地下地铁列车振动荷载在围岩土体中的传播规律及其对隧道结构的影响,以西安地铁为工程背景,采用1∶20的几何相似比,开展了地铁隧道与地裂缝30°斜交的围岩动力响应物理模型试验,测试分析了在不同频率和不同振源位置下,围岩加速度及隧道应变的变化规律.结果表明:地铁列车振动荷载的频率为20 Hz时,围岩的振动响应最为明显;当振动频率大于40 Hz时,随着频率的增加,围岩振动响应变化不明显.地裂缝对列车振动荷载的传播有一定的影响,当振动位于上盘时,随着距离地裂缝越近,振动逐渐减小,在地裂缝处衰减更明显;当振动位于下盘时,同样随着距离地裂缝越近,振动逐渐减小,但穿越地裂缝进入上盘后,振动几乎没有衰减,即上盘对振动有一定的放大作用.研究结果可为研究地铁运营安全及地面建筑的防振减振控制提供参考.     

黏滑错动下地铁隧道结构破坏特征及设防措施

在活断层发育城市的地铁建设过程中,由于线路走向原因,有时不得不穿越活动断层。但目前对于地铁隧道穿越活动断层的设防措施研究较少,尚无成熟的工程经验。文中以新疆乌鲁木齐地铁穿越西山断层工程建设为依托,采用三维数值模拟和室内试验相结合的方法,研究了黏滑错动下地铁隧道结构力学响应及破坏过程,揭示了隧道围岩和衬砌结构的破坏形态与塑性区分布规律。结合工程设计,提出采用隧道衬砌分段和扩大断面尺寸等工程应对措施,可极大减小黏滑错动下的地铁破坏范围和程度,降低工程损失,也能为破坏后的地铁隧道结构修复提供便利条件。研究结论可为穿越活断层的城市地铁隧道结构设防设计提供有益参考。     

城市地铁穿越地裂缝暗挖隧道降水施工技术

城市地铁隧道施工的过程中,需要对穿越地裂缝按挖隧道降水施工进行必要地控制,保证整体的施工进度不受影响。穿越地裂缝暗挖隧道实际的施工工程面对的地形条件较为复杂,其中的降水施工需要充分考虑各方面的影响因素。本文将从这项工程施工中的降水设计等方面进行深入地探讨,为其它项目施工提供必要的参考依据。     

黄土地区暗挖地铁隧道穿越地裂缝施工方案设计

针对黄土地区西安地铁三号线下穿地裂缝,隧道设计、施工难度和风险极大。隧道区间施工采用浅埋暗挖法,设计了暗挖隧道初期支护参数及二衬参数,提出了暗挖隧道施工方案,对西安地铁下穿地裂缝施工具有一定的借鉴价值。     

盾构隧道衬砌结构小角度斜穿地裂缝的破坏机理

从西安地铁1 #线工程背景和西安地裂缝地质环境出发,根据相似理论设计了盾构隧道管片衬砌结构30°斜穿地裂缝的物理模型试验管片混凝土应变、纵向和环向螺栓应变、结构接触土压力外围土压力、结构内部收敛位移、模型顶表面土体变形以及宏观变形破坏现象表明:盾构隧道管片衬砌结构30°斜穿地裂缝的变形破坏模式为剪切变形为主,局部有扭转变形;结构破坏范围为上盘1.25D,下盘0.75D(D为管片环外径);管片衬砌结构变形破坏不对称,管片环向处于偏压状态;环缝拱底位错量大于拱顶和拱腰,拱底最大位错量达40 mm(0.033D),模型难以适用地裂缝错动变形20 cm(0.1667 D),盾构管片衬砌结构不适用于地裂缝活动强烈的地质环境     

地裂缝隧道衬砌结构与围岩相互作用机理

针对台凹型活动地裂缝正交区间隧道,通过有限差分数值方法模拟地裂缝区间隧道的开挖施工、分缝衬砌结构与地裂缝上下盘之间相对错动,从地表和衬砌的沉降位移、围岩位移场、围岩土压力以及衬砌结构内力方面分析了隧道结构与围岩的变化特征.结果表明：台凹型活动地裂缝不均匀变形主要发生在上盘内地裂缝一定范围的地层内;分缝衬砌结构端部的拱顶土压力呈现出集中增大和减小的变化特征,上盘内地裂缝附近仰拱底的土压力出现松弛;变形缝两侧衬砌结构的端部出现轴向应力集中现象.分缝衬砌结构一方面能够适应地裂缝错动位移,避免结构内力过大而引起强度破坏;另一方面,能够抑制地层的不均匀沉降变形,使得地裂缝处变形缝两侧衬砌结构的相对位移减小,并改善地裂缝区间隧道的运行条件.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with