掺钆液闪探测器用于锦屏地下实验室的快中子本底测量

文章采用掺杂0.5%Gd液闪探测器测量了中国锦屏地下实验室(CJPL)的快中子本底通量及中子能谱.掺钆液闪探测器对于核反冲信号和电子反冲信号优异的甄别性能用于中子候选事例的筛选,并采用钆对热中子的俘获特性进行时间甄别.对有效采数时间为206 d的数据进行分析,获得锦屏地下实验室的聚乙烯室(PE)内1～10 MeV快中子通量为4.45×10~(-8)cm~(-2)·s~(-1).采用相似的方式分析了掺钆液闪探测器(Gd-Ls)中天然放射系的α本底程度,来源于~(238)U,~(235)U,~(232)Th的α粒子含量分别为(0.0227±0.0001) s~(-1),(0.0329±0.0001) s~(-1)和(0.1471±0.0002) s~(-1).与世界上其他深地实验室的快中子通量进行对比,CJPL的快中子通量处于极低水平,是进行稀有事例测量实验的理想场所.     

关于地球中反中微子信号的研究

介绍了地球中反中微子的产生方式,并对反中微子的探测方式进行了说明.通过对能量分布函数的假设,研究了214Bi衰变产生反中微子的特有信号,并描述了偏移参数t对信号的影响.     

Elman神经网络在中子解谱中的应用

人工神经网络由于其优良的自我调节能力及学习能力,已经被广泛地应用在各领域的非线性分析中.在中国锦屏极深地下实验室(CJPL)中的低本底液闪中子探测器一直在记录着中子的本底数据,探测器输出的能谱实际上是核反冲能谱,与输入能谱可一一对应,并随着输入能谱的改变而发生改变;因此可以将探测器输出信号输入到训练过的神经网络中判断输入能谱.本论文采用的神经网络为Elman神经网络,训练神经网络采用的数据为Geant4模拟所得.将实验获取的核反冲能谱输入到训练过的神经网路进行反解,最后Elman网络反解出的Am-Be中子源能谱与真实谱误差在0.1%～11.8%,反解出的~(252)Cf中子源能谱与真实谱误差在0.1%～8.9%.     

锗酸铋晶体中子辐照诱导色心的研究

对锗酸铋晶体进行了两种不同剂量的14.6MeV快中子辐照.利用常规的核探测技术,通过测量其辐照前后　Cs的γ能谱来观察峰总比的变化,研究了辐照诱导色心对于荧光输出和中子剂量对于辐照诱导色本底能谱和137心密度的影响.     

环境中子测量中的偶然符合alpha事例修正

在暗物质直接探测实验中,中子是十分重要的环境本底.利用快慢符合法,一个掺钆的液闪探测器被分别用于测量了世界最深的地下实验室-中国锦屏地下实验室的实验大厅及1 m厚聚乙烯房间内的快中子本底通量及能谱.由于液闪无法通过信号波形区分中子与alpha事例,因此液闪中长寿命的U/Th核素衰变放出的alpha粒子是必须考虑的本底之一.在长期平衡假设条件下,实验测得液闪内部alpha粒子的总计数率为(0.548±0.002) s~(-1),再通过偶然符合算法,可得到实验大厅356天总计2682个中子候选事例中,有6个偶然符合的alpha事例;聚乙烯房间173天总计44个中子候选事例中,有2个偶然符合的alpha事例.偶然符合的alpha粒子对大厅的快中子通量测量结果影响可以忽略,而对聚乙烯房间中的通量结果约有4%的影响.     

物态方程对初生中子星星风动力学的影响

初生中子星中微子驱动的星风被认为是r-过程和p-过程发生的场所之一.基于牛顿流体动力学方程组,我们讨论了3种不同物态方程（（i）严格物态方程;（ii）忽略正负电子对简并参数;（iii）忽略气体压强）对初生中子星中微子驱动星风动力学的影响.结果发现,忽略简并参数的物态方程是个很好的近似;忽略气体压强的物态方程会明显地降低星风的密度、温度,提高速度和核子熵,但电子丰度几乎不会改变.同时星风物质溢出率、动力学时标等影响核合成的重要参量都有明显的改变.对1.4M⊙的典型中子星模型,我们发现在反中微子光度为8×1051ergs1时,星风物质是富中子的,采用不同的物态方程可能使诞生的快中子俘获元素的平均质量数最大相差6;在反中微子光度为1×1051ergs1时,星风物质是富质子的,质子俘获重核的相对丰度可能相差一倍,因此考虑合适的物态方程是极为重要的.     

载钆液闪探测器的稳定性测试与探测效率刻度

中国暗物质实验(China dark matter experiment,CDEX)合作组设计并研制了大体积载钆液体闪烁体快中子探测器,用于中国锦屏地下实验室(China JinPing underground laboratory,CJPL)的快中子本底测量。该探测器基于反冲质子信号与钆俘获热中子产生的γ信号之间的符合测量方法,有效地抑制环境γ本底,提高对快中子的探测灵敏度。该文对该探测器进行了稳定性测试和单能中子探测效率刻度,实验结果表明:该探测器稳定可靠,且具有良好的中子、γ信号甄别能力,以及较高的探测效率,适合对地下实验室极低通量快中子进行测量。     

大亚湾反应堆中微子实验Monte Carlo样本事例混合的interleaving算法

在反应堆中微子实验的物理数据分析中,前后事例间的时间关联分析是非常重要的一环.对事例间时间结构特性的研究,将有助于理解本底事例产生的物理机制,有利于对信号事例的挑选和对本底事例的排除.与此相应,在产生可用于物理分析的反应堆中微子Monte Carlo(MC)模拟数据的过程中,重构不同事例间的时间关联是一个重要步骤.通过研究大亚湾反应堆中微子实验的数据特点,开发了interleaving算法用于产生带有时间关联的海量物理数据;利用该方法实现了对不同样本的MC数据按事例率的混合;并简要给出了interleaving算法的空间和时间复杂度分析。     

基于低温量热器的无中微子双贝塔衰变探测实验国内外研究进展

无中微子双贝塔衰变过程能够揭示中微子的粒子属性，打破标准模型的轻子数守恒，并且是目前获得中微子有效质量的重要途径. 本文通过对国内外无中微子双贝塔衰变探测实验的最新研究进展进行详细调研，重点对基于低温量热器的无中微子双贝塔衰变实验设计方案进行深入研究，并以意大利格兰萨索地下实验室（cryogenic underground observatory for rare events，CUORE）实验方案为例，详细地阐述了低温量热器技术的系统组成、工作原理以及现阶段所面临的关键难点，将要解决的问题主要包括极低温环境的搭建、核素种类的选取与探测塔的搭建、本底的甄别和微弱信号的前置放大.      

单晶体多电极读出高纯锗探测器76Ge的0νββ甄别研究

⁷⁶Ge的无中微子双贝塔(0νββ)衰变探测实验中本底抑制十分关键,单电子(本底事例)和双电子(0νββ事例)事例甄别因其信号特征区分度极小而十分具有挑战性.本文针对单晶体多电极读出的高纯锗探测器建立了波形模拟研究方法,对双面交叉条型多电极高纯锗探测器的位置分辨能力进行了研究.同时通过搭建light GBM模型,对多电极高纯锗探测器各个电极所收集的模拟波形进行分类训练.结果表明,该结构的多电极高纯锗探测器在电极分布方向具有良好的位置敏感特性,同时可以通过两端电极过中时间差确定粒子作用深度.基于所搭建的light GBM模型对0νββ双电子事例的识别效果为68.4%.经验证,所训练light GBM模型在保证0νββ信号事例没有被明显抑制的基础上,对本底中68Ge和60Co抑制效果相对显著,甄别前后分别可以被抑制3.33倍和2.66倍.结果表明,单晶体多电极读出的高纯锗探测器对于⁷⁶Ge的0νββ衰变探测的应用具备可行性,为将来在中国锦屏地下实验室对⁷⁶Ge的0νββ衰变实现event-by-event搜寻提供了重要参考.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with