Li3S和Li2S高压结构与超导电性的第一性原理计算

采用第一性原理方法研究Li₃S和Li₂S在0~50 GPa下的晶体结构、 电子性质与超导电性. 结果表明： 当压力高于16 GPa时, Li₃S由Li₂S和Li单质合成, 其高压相变序列为P6₃/m→P6₃/mmc→Pm-3m; Li₃S呈金属性, 但其电声相互作用较弱, 不是超导体; 预测的Li₂S的高压相变序列与已有结果相符, 在50 GPa下的Li₂S仍未实现金属化.     

黑柱石的高压相变及其压缩性研究

利用金刚石压腔(DAC)和原位同步辐射X射线衍射(XRD)技术, 研究天然黑柱石单晶室温下的高压结构稳定性和压缩性, 实验最高压力为39.5 GPa。实验中观察到黑柱石在19.2 GPa 时从斜方晶系α相(空间群Pnam)转变为单斜晶系β相(空间群P2₁/a), 转变过程中晶胞体积没有明显的不连续变化。利用Birch-Murnaghan状态方程, 对黑柱石单胞体积随压力的变化关系(P-V)进行拟合, 得到α相黑柱石状态方程参数为K₀=118(4) GPa, V₀=671.9(5) A³, K₀′=6.6(7); β相黑柱石初始相变压力P_r=19.2 GPa, 状态方程参数为K_r=157(3) GPa, V_r=599.3(6) A³, K_r′=4 (固定)。此外, 确定了α相和β相黑柱石的轴压缩系数, 并从化学组成和晶体结构压缩性各向异性的角度讨论相变机理。     

［N(CH3)4］4［Mo10O18(OH)4(O2)10(O2)2］·6H2O的合成、晶体结构及表征

以质量分数30%过氧化氢为氧化剂,钼酸铵和四甲基氯化铵为原料,室温下采用常规的水溶液法成功制备了一种含有过氧与超氧基团的十核钼酸四甲基铵盐［N(CH₃)₄］₄［Mo₁₀O₁₈(OH)₄(O₂)₁₀(O₂)₂］·6H₂O,并对其进行了元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱表征及X线单晶结构分析.该化合物属于单斜晶系,P2₁/c空间群,a=1.443(16)nm, b=1.168(12)nm, c=1.693(17)nm,β=99.32(3)°, V=2.814(5)nm³, Z=2, D_c=2.441 g/cm³, R₁=0.035 6, wR₂=0.105 0(I>2, GOF=1.087.其阴离子呈中心对称结构,包含2个键长为0.114 5 nm的超氧基团和10个键长为0.143 5~0.148 1 nm的经典过氧基团.此化合物溶于水不稳定,但在室温下能稳定存在于固态,并能迅速将I^- 氧化成单质I₂,表明了该化合物由于结构中过氧和超氧基团的存在而具有强氧化性.     

SrCl2晶体高压结构转变的第一性原理计算

利用基于密度泛函的第一性原理, 计算SrCl2压致结构转变的压力. 结果表明： SrCl₂在2.1 GPa处发生第一个压致结构转变, 由萤石结构（空间群Fm3m）转变为正交结构（空间群Pnma）; 在65.7 GPa处发生第二个压致结构转变, 由正交结构转变为六角结构（空间群P6₃/mmc）; 两个压致结构转变均发生体积突变, 分别为4.7%和0.2%, 均属于一级相变.     

PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3的高压合成

研究使用2种原料进行PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃的高压合成. 实验结果表明, 以PbO,ZrO₂和TiO₂(1:0.52∶0.48)为原料, 在1.5 GPa和3.6 GPa压力, 880~1 061 ℃条件下主要形成PbTiO₃, ZrO₂和Pb三相混合物, 仅在880 ℃附近有少量锆钛酸铅(PZT)相生成. 以Zr_0.52Ti_0.48O₂为B位先驱体, 与PbO混合后进行高压高温合成, 在1.5 GPa, 710~812 ℃条件下形成PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃相, 未发现PbTiO3相. 对高压高温（1.5 GPa, 812 ℃）合成的PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃样品进行变温拉曼测量, 在245 ℃时, 未发生结构相变; 在420 ℃时, 拉曼谱只有177.5,257.7,517 cm^-13个峰, 其结构由铁电相转变为立方顺电相, 因此高压合成的PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃居里温度在420 ℃以下.      

LiN3高压下结构稳定性和电子结构的理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究方法对LiN3在高压下的结构稳定性和电子结构进行了研究.对结构稳定性的研究表明在60 GPa的压力范围内C2/m结构的LiN3能始终保持稳定,与实验研究结果间取得了很好的一致.此外,对压力下电子结构的分析表明随着压力的增大LiN3的带隙宽度有明显的减小,可能发生从绝缘体到半导体的电子结构的转变.     

B型Anderson结构Cr-Mo杂多化合物的合成、晶体结构及性质

在水溶液中合成了一个Ｂ型Anderson结构Cr-Mo杂多阴离子的二甲亚砜溶剂化合物,其分子式为： （NH₄）_３Ｈ_３（CrMo₆O₂₄H₆）₂（C₂H₆SO）₆. X射线单晶分析表明, 该化合物属三斜晶系, P1空间群, 主要晶胞参数为： a=1.428 9(3)　nm, b=1.429 5(3)　nm, c=1.626　3(3)　nm, α=63.93(3)°, β=90.00(3)°, γ=60.05(3)°, R=0.039 8. TG曲线表明, 化合物失重分三步进行, 化合物最后分解温度在494.41 ℃.     

［Ni(phen) 3］2［Ni(PO4)2(H2PO4)6(OH)6(MoO2)12］的合成和晶体结构

利用中温水热技术合成一种新型还原型钼磷酸盐： ［Ni(phen) ₃］₂［Ni(PO₄)₂(H₂PO₄)6(OH)₆(MoO₂)₁₂］(phen: 邻菲啰啉), 并通过单晶X射线衍射技术测定了该化合物的晶体结构.该化合物属于三斜晶系, P1空间群, 晶胞参数: a=1.404 2(3) nm, b=1.405 0(3) nm, c=1.408 2(3) nm, α=74.53(3)°, β=74.72(3)°,γ=74.81(3)°, V=2.527 6(9) nm3, Z=1, R1=0.076 2, wR2=0.168 6.     

季铵盐阳离子的Waugh型化合物的合成与表征

以(NH₄)₆［MnMo₉O₃₂］为前体原料,采用常规的水溶液法与四甲(乙)氯化铵反应制备了2种含有混合阳离子的Waugh型钼酸盐(NH₄)₄［N(CH₃)₄］₂［MnMo₉O₃₂］·9H₂O(化合物1)和(NH₄)₄［N(CH₂CH₃)₄］₂［MnMo₉O₃₂］·7H₂O(化合物2),用元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析对其进行了表征,并对化合物1进行了单晶结构测定,化合物1属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,a=2.379(11)nm,b=1.186(5)nm,c=1.600(7)nm,β=102.308(4)°,V=4.413(3)nm³,Z=4,Dc=2.460 g/cm³,R₁=0.041 8,wR₂=0.117 5(I>2σ),GOF=1.058.对化合物的形成规律探索发现:季铵盐与(NH₄)₆MnMo₉O₃₂的物质的量之比为3∶1,易形成单晶.对化合物1和2光催化降解亚甲基蓝模拟废水进行了探索,光催化90 min和180 min时脱色率分别达到95.96%和85.64%,表明化合物1和2对亚甲基蓝染料废水均具有良好的光催化活性.     

β-Ga2O3的高压原位拉曼光谱

利用金刚石对顶砧（DAC）高压装置产生高压, 在0~23.4 GPa研究β相氧化镓（β-Ga₂O₃）晶体高压原位拉曼光谱. 根据高压拉曼光谱的实验数据, 给出了β-Ga₂O₃晶体拉曼振动频率与压力的关系, 并将外振动谱线144 cm^-1归属于平移模, 169 cm^-1归属于转动模. 在18 GPa附近, 发现两个新的拉曼峰232 cm^-1和483 cm^-1, 由这两个峰的强度随压力的升高逐渐增强可知, β-Ga₂O₃晶体发生了压力导致的结构相变.      

Neutron and X-ray diffraction study of the broken symmetry phase transition in solid deuterium

The solid hydrogen compounds D2, HD and H2 remain quantum molecular solids up to pressures in the 100 GPa range. A remarkable macroscopic consequence is the existence of a pressure-induced broken symmetry phase transition, in which the molecules go from a spherical rotational state to an anisotropic rotational state. Theoretical understanding of the broken symmetry phase structure remains controversial, despite numerous studies. Some open questions concern the existence of long- or short-range orientational order; whether a strong isotopic shift on the transition pressure should be assigned to the nuclear zero-point motion or to quantum localization; and whether the structures are cubic, hexagonal or orthorhombic. Here we present experimental data on the structure of the broken symmetry phase in solid D2, obtained by a combination of neutron and X-ray diffraction up to 60 GPa. Our data are incompatible with orthorhombic structures predicted by recent theoretical works. We find that the broken symmetry phase structure is incommensurate with local orientational order, being similar to that found in metastable cubic para-D2.     

A theoretical investigation on phase transition and dissociation of ammonium bromide under high pressure

Structures of ammonium bromide under high pressure were investigated through ab initio evolutionary algorithm and total-energy calculations based on density functional theory. Static enthalpy calculations indicate that the low-pressure phase V（space group P4/nmm） transforms into a monoclinic P21/m structure at 71 GPa and then an orthorhombic structure Cmma at 130 GPa, which is found to be energetically stable up to 264 GPa. Mechanism of phonon softening at the P4/nmm P21/m transformation is discussed. Ab initio calculations show that the band overlap in the molecular Cmma phase, which causes the pressure-induced insulator-to-metal transition, occurs at about 240 GPa. Enthalpy calculations show that Cmma NH4 Br becomes unstable and dissociates into NH3 and HBr above 264 GPa.     

压力下NaN_3结构稳定性、力学性质和电子结构的理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的从头算平面波超软贋势方法研究了压力对NaN_3结构稳定性、力学性能以及电子结构的影响.对能量和力学参量的计算结果表明,R-3m结构是NaN_3在零压下的稳定性结构.随着压力的增加,在5 GPa的压力范围内NaN_3会发生从R-3m结构到C2/m结构的结构相变,而C2/m结构的NaN_3在压力超过20 GPa以后也不能够保持稳定.该结果与实验研究结果间取得了很好的一致.此外,对电子结构的研究表明,常压下两种结构NaN_3都表现出了绝缘体的性质.随着压力的增加,C2/m结构NaN_3的价带和导带宽度都略有增加,而带隙宽度略有减小.     

Optical studies of solid hydrogen to 320 GPa and evidence for black hydrogen

The quest for metallic hydrogen at high pressures represents a longstanding problem in condensed matter physics. Recent calculations have predicted that solid hydrogen should become a molecular metal at pressures above 300 GPa, before transforming into an alkali metal; but the strong quantum nature of the problem makes the predictions difficult. Over a decade ago, an optical study of hydrogen was made using a diamond anvil cell to reach 250 GPa. However, despite many subsequent efforts, quantitative studies at higher pressures have proved difficult and their conclusions controversial. Here we report optical measurements of solid hydrogen up to a pressure of 320 GPa at 100 K. The vibron signature of the H2 molecule persists to at least 316 GPa; no structural changes are detected above 160 GPa, and solid hydrogen is observed to turn completely opaque at 320 GPa. We measure the absorption edge of hydrogen above 300 GPa, observing features characteristic of a direct electronic bandgap. This is at odds with the most recent theoretical calculations that predict much larger direct transition energies and the closure of an indirect gap. We predict that metal hydrogen should be observed at about 450 GPa when the direct gap closes.     

Quantum distribution of protons in solid molecular hydrogen at megabar pressures

Solid hydrogen, a simple system consisting only of protons and electrons, exhibits a variety of structural phase transitions at high pressures. Experimental studies based on static compression up to about 230 GPa revealed three relevant phases of solid molecular hydrogen: phase I (high-temperature, low-pressure phase), phase II (low-temperature phase) and phase III (high-pressure phase). Spectroscopic data suggest that symmetry breaking, possibly related to orientational ordering, accompanies the transition into phases II and III. The boundaries dividing the three phases exhibit a strong isotope effect, indicating that the quantum-mechanical properties of hydrogen nuclei are important. Here we report the quantum distributions of protons in the three phases of solid hydrogen, obtained by a first-principles path-integral molecular dynamics method. We show that quantum fluctuations of protons effectively hinder molecular rotation--that is, a quantum localization occurs. The obtained crystal structures have entirely different symmetries from those predicted by the conventional simulations which treat protons classically.     

吡唑-3-甲酸银、铅配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构和荧光性质

用水热法合成了吡唑-3-甲酸的两个配合物{[Ag(Py-3-CA)]n(1)和[Pb2(Py-3-CA)4]n(2)}(Py-3-CA=吡唑-3-甲酸),用X射线单晶衍射仪测定了配合物的晶体结构,并对其进行了红外光谱、元素分析、X射线粉末衍射、荧光等性质的表征.结果表明:配合物1属于单斜晶体,P21/c空间群,晶胞参数a=0.859 97(4)nm,b=0.576 70(2)nm,c=1.012 87(4)nm,β=97.673(4)°,V=0.497 83(4)nm3,Z=4;晶体2属于单斜晶体,P21/c空间群,晶胞参数a=1.107 64(3)nm,b=2.366 60(6)nm,c=0.863 20(2)nm,β=110.313(3)°,V=2.122 02(10)nm3,Z=4.配合物中的氢键作用使其自组装成稳定的三维立体结构.荧光测试结果表明,配合物1和2具有荧光性质.     

P6m2-ReB3的高压物性研究

本文利用赝势平面波法计算了ReB3的三种晶体结构P(6)m2,P63/mmc及P3ml的结构属性.研究发现P(6)m2-ReB3是ReB3的基态相位.我们首次系统研究了高压下P(6)m2-ReB3的弹性常数、弹性各向异性、各种弹性模量及波速度等弹性特性,并且预测了P(6)m2-ReB3的韧脆性.此外,通过准谐德拜模型,我们还分析了P(6)m2-ReB3结构的德拜温度、标准化体积、体积模量、热膨胀系数及热容与压力或温度的依赖关系.     

Ammonia borane at high pressures

Ammonia borane has received tremendous research attention in the past decade because of its potential for chemical hydrogen storage. This paper reviews recent studies about the behavior of ammonia borane at high pressures. While much work is still needed to comprehensively understand the pressure influence on this molecular crystal, a phase diagram based on the available experimental and theoretical data is constructed. Raman spectroscopy studies indicate five transitions upon compression up to 65 GPa at ambient temperature. Diffraction experiments and theoretical studies demonstrate that three of these transitions are first-order phase transformations in the sequence of I4mm-Cmc21-P21-（different） P21, and two are iso-structural. A low-temperature phase（Pmn21） and a high-temperature high-pressure phase（Pmna） are also recognized.