贵州东南部汞矿区土壤-农作物重金属污染及生物转移特征

通过对汞矿区土壤及农作物(大豆、甘薯和芝麻)Hg、As、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb等6种重金属的测定,分析了农作物和土壤的重金属污染状况及生物转移特征。利用单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数共同评价土壤和农作物重金属污染状况,结果显示:该汞矿区土壤是以汞为主要污染物,As和Cd为次要污染物的重金属污染区;矿区土壤内梅罗综合污染指指数达36.211,表明该矿区土壤重金属污染达重度污染水平。农作食用部分单因子指数分析显示农作物的Hg的污染最为严重,综合污染指数在大豆豆荚、甘薯块根、甘薯叶和芝麻籽粒的综合污染指数分别为:48.433、10.086、79.435和123.200,显示了农作物食用部分重金属污染均已达重度污染水平。利用生物富集系数和生物转移系数评价农作对重金属的转移。大豆各器官对Hg、As、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb均没有表现出富集性,其生物转移系数也均小于1,相较其他两种农作物而言,在汞矿污染区,种植大豆在能减少重金属污染的风险。     

神府矿区煤矸石周边土壤重金属污染评价

为研究矿区煤矸石堆放对生态环境产生的影响,选取神府矿区煤矸石周边土壤为研究对象,探讨矿区煤矸石释放的重金属Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Ni、As、Cu对周边土壤污染危害状况.并用潜在生态风险指数法评价研究矿区土壤重金属污染风险等级.结果表明:神府矿区煤矸石周边土壤内重金属Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd含量均严重超过中国土壤元素背景值,其中各矿区煤矸石周边的重金属Pb、Cd的单项潜在生态风险等级均达到2级,属于中等污染;神府矿区周边土壤重金属的综合潜在生态风险指数为193.83,污染等级为3级风险,属显著污染.此外,煤矸石周边土壤淋溶实验显示重金属Pb、Zn在土壤中的溶出率高达50%多,表明重金属Pb、Zn在土壤中易发生转移.     

广西荔浦锰矿区优势植物重金属累积特征

对复垦20余年的荔浦锰矿区进行野外调查、采样并对样品进行了室内分析．该矿区共有高等植物22科36种．矿区土壤和13种优势植物内重金属质量分数分析表明,土壤可能已受Mn污染,局部区域受到Cd污染,但Cu,Pb量较低．矿区植物的Cu,Pb量正常,但部分植物的Cd,Mn量超出正常范围．板栗、商陆对Cd和Mn的生物累积系数和生物转移系数均大于1,表现出很强的富集能力,适用于锰矿区废弃地的生态恢复．但作为此矿区主要经济作物的板栗,其果实重金属的质量分数超过中国食品卫生标准,不宜食用．     

典型工业退役场地土壤重金属污染及风险评价

采用单因子指数法、富集系数、浸出毒性试验、Hankanson潜在生态危害指数法及健康风险评价法,对重庆城区内某企业退役场地车间表层土及下层土、居民区表层土及厂区附近土壤的重金属污染现状及其风险进行了评价.结果表明,研究区域内Hg,As,Zn和Pb的富集系数部分大于1,表现出一定程度的富集.单因子污染指数表明,土壤重金属含量均未超出A,B级标准限值;另外,除居民区重金属潜在生态危害程度属中度外,其余地区属于轻度生态危害,以Hg的潜在生态危害最突出,其次是Cd,这主要与Hg和Cd的毒性系数较高有关.人体对几种重金属吸收量的排序大小依次为Zn,Pb,Cu,Ni,Cr,As,Hg≈Cd.同时,儿童和成人对几种重金属的3种摄入方式大小依次为:直接摄入量,经皮肤吸收摄入量和呼吸摄入量.从致癌风险角度看,几种重金属致癌风险系数都在10-6~10-4基准范围内.     

矿区土壤重金属污染安全风险计量与可视化表达

 多年高强度的金属矿产开采使得矿区土壤重金属富集。本文精确构建矿区三维地表模型,合理布置367个采样点;调查分析矿区土壤中重金属Cd、As、Cu、Zn 和Pb 的生态安全风险。结果表明：土壤中重金属平均含量顺序为：Zn>Pb>Cu>As>Cd,重金属含量实际值远超背景值,且变异系数差异较大,Cd、As、Cu、Zn 和Pb 在土壤中含量的对数值成正态分布;污染指数均为重度污染,污染指数大小顺序为：Cd>Pb>Zn>As>Cu;土壤中重金属的潜在生态风险指数RI达787.29,潜在危害程度很大;Cu、Zn、Pb 总非致癌风险HQ小于1,但Cd、As 仍存在很高健康风险,且As 为主要风险源。本文实现了重金属污染风险状况在三维模型上的可视化表达,为矿区的安全生产管理提供直观的决策依据。     

何家小岭尾矿库周边土壤重金属污染状况分析及潜在风险评价

对合肥市庐江矿区何家小岭尾矿库周边土壤中重金属的总量和形态分布进行分析,通过内梅罗指数法和风险评价编码法(RAC)对其污染状况进行评价。结果表明,除Ni外,其他重金属元素均高于庐江县土壤背景值,其中Cu、Cd两种元素超过风险筛选值(GB15618-2018)。土壤中金属元素(除Cd以外)主要以残渣态为主,Cd元素的弱酸提取态占相当大的比例(11.25%～52.18%),金属元素弱酸提取态顺序由大到小依次为Cd、Zn、Ni、Cu、Pb、As、Cr。基于单因子和内梅罗污染的结果表明,Cu、Cd、As属于轻微污染,土壤重金属总体水平属于轻度污染,基于形态的RAC表明该地区Cd为高风险,Zn为中风险,其他元素无风险或具有较低的风险水平。     

宿州市煤矿区农田土壤重金属污染及生态风险评价

为揭示矿区周边土壤中重金属元素的污染特征,采用金属污染指数法(MPI)、污染负荷指数法(PLI)和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法,对宿州市4矿区周边农田土壤中Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb、Cu、As和Hg等7种重金属元素进行测试分析,研究了宿州市矿区周边土壤重金属污染程度及潜在的生态危害性.结果表明:1)7种重金属元素平均含量均高于非矿区土壤环境背景值,尤其Cr含量达到非矿区土壤背景值的2-4.17倍,Cd含量达到非矿区土壤背景值的1-3.05倍;矿区重金属综合污染程度范围为8.682-19.108,在100 m距离处属于强污染,其他距离处均属于中等污染.2)矿区土壤重金属污染指数变化范围在9.811-18.768之间,各样品的重金属污染指数均高于非矿区土壤环境背景值的污染指数,土壤重金属具有一定的富集效应;土壤综合污染负荷指数为1.699,为中等污染.3)除Cd和Hg外,重金属潜在生态风险系数均属于轻度风险危害,Cd和Hg在宿州市矿区农田土壤生态污染中的贡献率较高.矿区农田土壤潜在生态风险指数RI范围在125.51-365.49,4个矿区平均值均属于中等污染水平,其中桃园矿污染最为严重.     

吴忠市表层土壤重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价

为查明吴忠市土壤重金属的污染现状及来源,测定了区内100个表层土壤样品中8种重金属Cu、Pb、Ni、Cr、Cd、Zn、As、Hg的含量。对比背景值可知,除Ni外其它重金属均有不同程度的富集,其中Cd富集最严重;采用地累积指数法、潜在生态风险评价法对土壤重金属进行污染程度及风险评价。结果表明吴忠市土壤重金属的环境总体处于无污染,总体生态危害程度处于中等,Cd和Hg是构成生态危害的主要风险因子,吴忠市土壤重金属的潜在生态危害主要是受到城区的生活、生产活动和部分农业用地区域的农耕活动影响。运用多元统计分析对吴忠市土壤重金属来源进行研究,结果表明Cu、Pb、Zn主要来源于交通运输产生的污染;Ni主要受成土母质、地形、气候等自然因素控制,Cr、As为成土母质和农业污染混合来源,Cd主要来源于农业活动造成的污染。     

鄱阳湖流域农田重金属污染的生态风险评估

选择乐安河-鄱阳湖段典型重金属污染区作为研究区,采用不同方法对各样点土壤及其蔬菜农产品的重金属污染及其危害进行评价.结果表明:各样点土壤中重金属含量最高的元素为Cu,最高值达423.124 mg·kg^-1; 不同评价方法得出乐安河上游至中游区域土壤中重金属Cu呈极度污染状态,存在严重的生态风险隐患; 各样点蔬菜重金属Cd含量均超过《无公害蔬菜安全要求》中规定的标准值(0.050 mg·kg^-1); 农产品样品对Cd的富集系数都超过0.100,最高值达3.254; 内梅罗综合污染指数法的评价得到78.57%的农产品重金属Cd为重度污染; 健康风险指数评价进一步表明各样点大部分农产品中的Cd超出安全基准值1.0,且样品中Cd的目标致癌风险T_R(0.003 2～0.013 2)均超过了美国环保署推荐的可接受风险值(10^-6～10^-4)和国际辐射防护委员会推荐的最大可接受风险值(5.0×10^-5).     

福建红壤侵蚀区土壤重金属污染特征及马尾松富集

对采自福建省长汀县黄泥坑区域的马尾松根部土壤及树轮中重金属元素(Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd)的含量进行测定,研究黄泥坑区域土壤重金属污染状况和重金属在马尾松树轮中的富集特征,并进行评价与分析.结果表明:土壤中各重金属含量表现出Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Cd的趋势,利用单因子污染指数和潜在生态风险指数两种评价方法,发现土壤中Cd存在明显的污染现象和极高的潜在生态风险;除Cd以外,土壤重金属元素Cr、Ni、Cu和Zn彼此间皆呈显著的正相关关系,表明Cd元素与Cr、Ni、Cu和Zn具有不同的来源,受人为活动影响较为明显;马尾松树轮对各重金属元素的富集能力表现为Cr>Ni>Zn>Cu>Cd,其中对Cd的富集能力极低,非南方红壤区土壤Cd污染修复的优选树种.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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