垃圾渗滤液作用下污泥固化体变形与透水规律

为了克服传统污泥固化方法中固化成本高、强度低、渗透系数高等缺点,采用骨架构建法,对煤矸石、污泥进行固化处理。通过三轴试验、低温氮气吸附-脱附试验、渗透试验检测污泥固化体的宏观力学强度特性、孔隙参数、水力传导系数。通过实验可得:经过渗滤液作用后,2、3号试样的偏应力较大,9号试样的偏应力最小。当水泥、煤矸石掺入量达到最佳混合掺入量时,试样的黏聚力较高。9号试样的滞后环分离程度较大;且各试样的孔径曲线在2~4 nm处出现叠峰。各试样的水力传导系数始终小于1×10-7cm/s。根据试验结果,从微观和宏观两个方面分析了黏土对于污泥固化体强度特性、渗透特性的影响。     

水盐含量对寒旱区黄土状盐渍土强度特性和渗透特性的影响

为探究含盐量和含水率对黄土状盐渍土力学特性的影响,本文通过人工配制不同含盐量的黄土状盐渍土进行室内三轴试验,分析了不同含盐量和含水率条件下的黄土状盐渍土抗剪强度参数和渗透系数的变化规律。结果表明：低含水率时,盐渍土的抗剪强度参数随含盐量的增大呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,在无水硫酸钠掺量为3.2%时,抗剪强度指标达到最低;高含水率下,盐渍土的抗剪强度参数随着含盐量的增大而减小;在含盐量一定的条件下,盐渍土的抗剪强度参数均随含水率的增大而减小,且含盐量越高,抗剪强度指标随含水率的变化越明显。另外,含盐量一定时,随着含水率的增大,盐渍土的渗透系数呈现明显增大趋势;在含水率一定的条件下,盐渍土的渗透系数随含盐量的增大而减小,且含水率越高,渗透系数随含盐量的变化越大。     

粘土切削时含水率对界面抗剪强度的影响

地基处理工程中常用的水泥搅拌桩,在制桩过程中,搅拌头刀片切削粘土时容易引起粘附、阻塞,从而导致水泥搅拌桩桩身水泥含量不均匀,强度降低。为了能够有效的减少粘附和阻塞,首先要研究其影响因素及其变化规律,因此通过直剪试验研究金属刀具切削粘土时含水率对界面抗剪强度的影响。试验结果表明,随着含水率增加,界面抗剪强度呈先增大后减小的趋势,当含水率接近塑限和最优含水率时,达到峰值。     

填埋场固化污泥工程特性变化研究

深圳机场北污泥填埋场将作为机场扩建场地,其填埋的固化污泥将作为地基使用。对填埋场固化污泥进行了岩土工程特性研究,包括有机质含量、含水率、初始孔隙比、界限含水率、颗粒级配、微观结构、压缩固结特性以及抗剪强度等。结果表明:固化污泥的有机质含量、含水率、孔隙比都随着埋深的增加而减小,其中填埋后有机质含量的变化与污泥的降解程度有关,是含水率及孔隙比变化的内在原因;污泥的液、塑限高,液性指数大于1,表观状态却呈现固体状态;固化污泥是多孔隙介质,结构性较差;固化污泥是高压缩性和欠固结土,其固结系数基本与常规淤泥相近,且随固结压力的增加而显著增大,呈现典型的大变形固结特性;固化污泥原状土和重塑土的抗剪强度均随着埋深的增加而增加,其中,随着埋深的增加,原状土的抗剪强度从13.8 kPa增加至23.7 kPa,重塑土的抗剪强度从13.0 kPa增加至14.3 kPa,这与污泥结构强弱密切相关。     

基于骨架构建体污泥脱水及其固化土工性能研究

以含水率为98.5%的污泥为研究对象,添加粉煤灰、生石灰等无机复合调理剂进行改性处理,研究其对泥饼固化体的比阻、含水率、最大干密度、渗透系数和无侧限抗压强度等性能的影响。结果表明,添加的粉煤灰和石灰起到骨架构建体作用,处理污泥的比阻从原污泥的109 s2/g降至107 s2/g,显著改善了污泥脱水性能。在不外掺水泥等其他固化剂的条件下,脱水后的泥饼固化体7d无侧限抗压强度大于100kPa,具有优良的固化土工性能。     

固化淤泥渗透性的微观分析

淤泥掺入水泥固化后,水化等化学反应生成的水化产物填充了土颗粒间的孔隙,改变了淤泥的微观孔隙结构,从而改变了其渗透特性。使用柔性壁渗透仪测定不同初始含水率及不同的水泥掺量下的固化淤泥的渗透系数,并使用压汞法研究其微观孔隙结构。试验表明:随着水泥掺量的增加、初始含水率降低,固化淤泥的渗透系数逐渐降低;固化淤泥的孔径分布曲线呈单峰分布,定义其峰值对应的孔径为最可几孔径,则随着固化淤泥渗透系数的降低,最可几孔径逐渐减小,即小孔隙数量增多,两者具有良好的相关性。     

不同含水率花岗岩残积土-格栅界面剪切特性

花岗岩残积土可作为回填土应用于加筋土结构,含水率对结构的稳定性具有重要影响。以广州市增城区花岗岩残积土为研究对象,通过室内大型直剪试验,研究了不同含水率（13%、19%、25%、32%）、竖向应力（50、100、150、200kPa）对花岗岩残积土-格栅界面剪切特性曲线、抗剪强度、体变特性的影响。试验结果表明：含水率为13%、竖向应力为50kPa时,残积土-格栅界面剪应力随着剪切位移的增大先升后降,降幅较小,其余条件下剪应力随着剪切位移的增大而升高;格栅加筋能够缓解花岗岩残积土剪应力达到峰值后大幅降低的剪切软化趋势;筋土界面抗剪强度随着含水率的升高而大幅降低,界面抗剪强度系数整体上随着含水率的升高先增加后降低,含水率为19%和25%时格栅加筋的增强效果最佳;筋土界面黏聚力随着含水率的增加先增大后减小,界面内摩擦角随着含水率的升高而降低;13%、19%含水率下筋土界面在50kPa竖向应力作用下发生了剪胀,其余条件下体积应变以剪缩为主。     

冻融循环对水泥土力学特性的影响

以水泥土在季节性冻土地区的路基、基坑挡土墙以及堤防防渗墙等水泥土工程中的安全性为研究背景,对不同冻融循环次数后的水泥土进行抗剪强度、抗压强度以及渗透系数试验,得到了不同冻融循环次数对水泥土抗剪强度、抗压强度以及渗透系数影响的试验数据.试验数据表明,水泥土的抗剪强度、抗压强度随着冻融循环次数的增加而降低,水泥土的渗透系数随着冻融循环次数的增加而增大,建立了水泥土抗剪强度、抗压强度以及渗透系数随冻融循环次数变化的回归曲线方程.结果表明水泥土在季节性冻土地区应用时应考虑冻融循环对水泥土力学性能的侵蚀效应.     

固结煤矸石抗剪强度特征试验

依据现场大型剪切试验和室内直剪试验,研究了固结煤矸石的抗剪强度特性。试验剪应力-剪位移过程曲线表明,一定含水率条件下的固结煤矸石呈现明显的粘塑性体力学特性。以现场大型剪切试验煤矸石作为试样配料进行了室内直剪试验,分析了含水率和密实度对良好固结煤矸石试样剪应力-剪位移试验曲线以及抗剪强度参数的影响,在此基础上探讨了试样内煤及其它细颗粒的状态变化对固结煤矸石抗剪强度的弱化作用机理,最后对比分析了现场大型剪切试验抗剪强度参数值和室内直剪试验抗剪强度参数值的差异及其产生的主要原因。     

不同水泥掺量下非饱和固化淤泥力学特性试验研究

为明晰非饱和固化淤泥的强度特性,通过不同基质吸力、净围压下的三轴固结排水试验、无侧限抗压强度试验,探讨了水泥掺量、基质吸力和净围压对非饱和固化淤泥强度特性的影响.试验结果表明:固化淤泥的土-水特征曲线在基质吸力小于进气值时饱和度变化并不明显,而基质吸力大于进气值时,随着基质吸力的增大,固化淤泥的饱和度降低,低水泥掺量固化淤泥的土-水特征曲线位于高水泥掺量固化淤泥土-水特征曲线的下方;水泥掺量100 kg/m~3固化淤泥的应力-应变曲线表现为应变硬化,剪切时表现为体缩,而水泥掺量200、300 kg/m~3固化淤泥的应力-应变曲线均表现为应变软化,水泥掺量越高、净围压越小,应变软化趋势越明显.非饱和固化淤泥的无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度与水泥掺量和基质吸力有关,水泥掺量越高、基质吸力越大,无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度越大.不同水泥掺量和基质吸力条件下抗剪强度和无侧限抗压强度之间存在良好的线性关系.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.