O_2/CO_2燃烧条件下NO_2还原特性的实验研究

为探究O_2/CO_2燃烧条件下NO_2的还原特性,利用固定床反应实验系统,研究了温度、矿物质、灰分以及反应气氛变化对NO_2还原行为的影响规律与作用机理。实验结果表明:NO_2的还原率随反应温度升高而增大,当反应温度大于873K时,NO_2还原反应显著加快;反应温度为1 073K时,NO_2还原率达到90%以上。煤灰中主要的矿物质成分对NO_2还原过程表现出催化促进作用,相应矿物质催化NO_2还原的活性顺序为Fe2O3MgOCaOAl2O3Na2CO3K2CO3SiO_2。准东煤灰中活性矿物质成分含量较高,煤灰对NO_2还原的催化活性顺序为五彩湾煤灰天池煤灰灵新煤灰。此外,O_2/CO_2燃烧气氛中CO体积分数的增加会促进NO_2的还原,高体积分数的CO_2对NO_2的还原有明显的促进作用,而O_2体积分数的增加会在一定程度上抑制NO_2的还原。动力学分析结果表明,O_2/CO_2燃烧中局部高体积分数CO降低了NO_2还原的表观活化能,从而能够促进NO_2的还原。     

固态原位电还原TiO_2制取Ti的阳极和电极过程

运用循环伏安法对固态原位电还原TiO2制取Ti的阳极过程进行了研究,并分析了整个电极反应过程.研究发现,固态原位电还原TiO2制取Ti的阳极过程是一步二电子氧化反应,并且可逆,产物不熔,在石墨阳极下生成CO2气体,阳极电极反应:C+2O2--4e=CO2.固态原位电还原TiO2制取Ti的总电极反应为:2TiO2+C=2TiO+CO2,2TiO+C=2Ti+CO2,2CaO+C=2Ca+CO2.阴极生成的Ca可以继续对TiO2进行热还原反应,固态原位电还原TiO2制取Ti是TiO2的直接二步电还原与Ca热还原TiO2共同作用的结果.     

煤粉燃烧过程中H_2S生成详细机理研究

为从自由基层面揭示煤粉燃烧过程中H_2S的生成机理,构建了由34个组分和115个基元反应构成的详细反应机理模型,并采用数值模拟和实验研究相结合的方法,验证了模型的可靠性,同时进行了主要含硫组分和重要自由基的生成速率分析以及H_2S生成的敏感性分析。组分浓度分布的预测值与实验值的对比结果表明:CO_2、CO、H_2、H_2S、SO_2和COS的误差均小于5%,CS_2最大误差为25%,模型具有较高的可信度。生成速率分析显示:H_2S主要通过基元反应H_2S+H?SH+H_2、CS_2+H_2O?H_2S+COS和COS+H_2O?H_2S+CO_2生成;SO_2先被CO和H还原为SO、HOSO等,再转化为S、SH,并最终还原为H_2S;CS_2、COS也是H_2S生成的重要来源,SH是H_2S生成的关键自由基。敏感性分析说明:基元反应HOSO(+M)?H+SO_2(+M)、SO_2+CO?SO+CO_2、CS_2+H_2O?H_2S+COS和COS+H_2O?H_2S+CO_2对H_2S的浓度表现出较高的敏感性,较高的温度(1 500 K)能够促进SO_2、COS、CS_2向H_2S转化。该结果可为煤粉锅炉中高温腐蚀的预测提供理论依据。     

温度对煤造气制备碳化铁的影响

研究了以煤造气为还原剂制备碳化铁过程中温度对还原度、金属化率、碳化铁率的影响,实验条件为压力0.3 MPa、反应时间180 min、还原气体中CO/CO2分别为3和1.5,反应温度在550～700℃之间变化.通过实验研究得到如下结论:产物的还原度、金属化率随温度的升高而逐渐增大;碳化铁率在600℃时最小;在气体成分达到一定还原势(CO/CO2=3)的条件下,700℃时碳化铁率最高;而在CO/CO2=1.5时,高温下不利于碳化铁的生成.     

温度对煤造气制备碳化铁的影响

研究了以煤造气为还原剂制备碳化铁过程中温度对还原度、金属化率、碳化铁率的影响，实验条件为压力0.3MPa、反应时间180min、还原气体中CO／CO2分别为3和1.5，反应温度在550－700℃之间变化。通过实验研究得到如下结论：产物的还原度、金属化率随温度的升高而逐渐增大；碳化铁率在600℃时最小；在气体成分达到一定还原势（CO/CO2=3)的条件下，700℃时碳化铁率最高；而在CO／CO2=1.5时，高温下不利于碳化铁的生成。     

加压下煤焦与二氧化碳反应的动力学研究

本文用试制成的加压热天平,测定了八种中国煤在900℃时制成的煤焦在1.2-31 at.和800-1050℃与CO_2反应的活性。结果表明活性同煤品位有很好的相关性,年轻煤的活性大于年老煤。研究了活性随热处理温度(800—1100℃)的变化。在同一气化温度,活性有规则地随制备温度的降低而增加,在同一热处理温度时,活性随气化温度的增加而增加。计算了表观活化能和制备活化能。由1.2—31 at.850—900℃一种褐煤焦在CO—CO_2混合物中气化得到的结果,关联成下列模型: W=K_1Pco_2/1 K_2Pco K_3Pco_2也讨论了比气化速率和炭转化率的关系。     

K_2CO_3催化的Perkin反应合成肉桂酸的初探

本文说明了在 K_2CO_3催化的 Perkin 反应合成肉桂酸中,催化剂碱应是 K_2CO_3,而不必经过 CH_3COOK 催化。证实了 K_2CO_3催化的优越性。     

煤焦加压Boudouard反应动力学

将3种不同变质程度煤于1173K下制成煤焦,在PBBR装置上于1073～1223K温度和0.29～2.47MPa下进行煤焦Boudouard反应试验。提高反应温度和压力均能使煤焦的基碳转化率和平均比气化速率增大,且显示温度的影响大于压力。随着原煤变质程度加深,其煤焦的气化活性减小。未反应芯表面反应模型能较好描述此气化过程,并可计算出反应动力学参数。活化能,频率因子和反应级数。用Na_2CO_3和K_2CO_3作催化剂能明显加速官地煤焦与CO_2气化反应速率,并显著降低其反应活化能,且K_2CO_3的催化效果大于Na_2CO_3。     

磁流体发电电离添加剂的回收技术

本文概述了国外磁流体发电低温种子回收的试验研究;介绍了南京工学JS—1模拟机组上“啧杯吸收器—双孔径泡沫塔—文氏管”溶液洗涤回收种子的流程设备、操作条件和所达到的净化指标。也介绍了正在进行的湿式电收尘试验的概况;同时指出了K_2CO_3—KHCO_3—K_2SO_4—H_2O四元系统溶度图在湿法回收中的实际应用。     

Pt 电极上 CO2水解析氢反应的研究

利用循环伏安法,研究了CO2-H2O 体系在 Pt 电极上的析氢反应,与单纯析氢反应相比,还原峰电位发生负偏移,还原峰电位为-0.5,V.并通过计算,得出在 pH=4附近 CO2扩散系数D =3.02×10-10,m2/s,H+扩散系数CO 2 D =+H 4.93×10-9,m2/s,电极表面的反应层厚度D k cμ=/(0 b-及 H+的浓度分布函数) c c++ΗΗ[-=10 H+HCO exp{-x k c 0 b HCO-/D +H}].33为电流法测定 CO2气体浓度的方法提供了基础参考数据     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the