一株菲降解菌的分类鉴定及其降解特性

从新疆油田石油污染土壤中分离到一株菲降解菌FM-2,经初步鉴定为伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia sp.).采用液体培养的方法,研究了菲的初始浓度、培养天数、温度、pH、盐度对FM-2菌株降解菲效果的影响.结果表明菌株在菲浓度为300-600 mg/L范围内培养3 d降解率均高于85%;条件实验表明,温度15-35℃、pH 5-9、盐度0-1%条件下,接种2 d后菲(300 mg/L)降解率在80%以上;经HPLC-MS分析表明,菌株FM-2降解菲的途径为水杨酸途径;初步研究发现该菌株中含有的双加氧酶大亚基保守区氨基酸序列与已报道的伯克霍尔德氏菌K24的萘1,2-双加氧酶基因保守区氨基酸序列相似性为99%.     

萘和苯酚降解菌中儿茶酚2，3-双加氧酶基因的类似性分析及杂种酶构建

从7个萘降解菌株和5个苯酚降解菌株中经PcR扩增得到12个儿茶酚2,3-双加氧酶(C23O)基因,大小均为924 bp.根据DNA序列的类似性,可将这12个C23O基因聚类为3组,此结果与分离菌株的样本来源基本一致.这12个基因均编码307个氨基酸残基的儿茶酚2,3-双加氧酶,序列中都含有9个严格保守的氨基酸残基(Gly30、His153、Leu172、His199、His214、His246、Tyr255、Pro259、Glu265),均属于外切双加氧酶的I.2.A亚家族.通过盒式PCR,用各种萘和苯酚降解菌的C23O基因中心区替换恶臭假单胞菌ND6菌株pND6-1质粒中nahH基因的中心区,得到5个杂种C23O基因,这些基因在pET-E.coli BL21(DE3)系统中表达以后,均能检测到C23O活性,其中中心区来自假单胞菌ND24菌株C23O基因的杂种酶C23O-ND24,其比活力高于对照恶臭假单胞菌ND6菌株的野生型C23O.     

甲苯降解菌降解特性及代谢途径初步研究

从污泥中分离得到1株能以甲苯为唯一碳源和能源生长的细菌菌株,经过生理生化实验初步鉴定为假单胞菌属.温度在20～40℃之间、pH7、甲苯浓度在316 mg/L以下,菌株降解甲苯的效率保持80%～100%之间,甲苯浓度大于316 mg/L,出现抑制现象.甲苯降解途径是通过甲苯双加氧酶形成顺甲苯二氢二醇,再经邻苯二酚2,3双加氧酶开环降解.     

苯酚降解菌的富集、分离与鉴定

 用苯酚作为唯一碳源富集培养化工厂、废水处理厂、造纸废水样品,从中分离得到4株具有苯酚降解能力的菌株.用编码苯酚羟化酶大亚基基因的保守序列设计特异引物进行检测,共有3株菌扩增出相应的产物.对其中降解能力最强的1株菌的16SrDNA序列进行系统发育分析,确定其为假单胞菌.与以前方法相比,本方法可检测到目前几乎所有的苯酚羟化酶基因,从而实现快速、准确、方便地从苯酚污染的环境中检测苯酚降解菌.     

甲胺磷农药降解菌的筛选鉴定及其降解效能研究

分别从黄冈棉田、荆州农田、沙市农药厂等长期受有机磷农药污染的不同环境土壤取样,通过富集培养,筛选分离到10株甲胺磷(MAP)降解菌.测定了各菌株的降解效能.选取降解效果较好的HS-A32菌株进行了初步研究.提取该菌总DNA进行16S rDNA PCR扩增、测序,BLAST检索及序列分析表明,HS-A32菌与不动杆菌的同源性为98%.结合生理生化实验结果,初步确定HS-A32菌为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter).通过薄层色谱(TLC)及高效液相色谱(HPLC)对MAP降解进行了定性和定量分析.结果表明,该菌能以MAP作为唯一的碳源和氮源生长.接种该菌于500 mg/L的MAP无机盐液体培养基中,35℃、120 r/min振荡培养3 d,对甲胺磷降解率可达86%,是一株甲胺磷高效降解菌.     

一株吡啶降解菌的生理生化特性研究

从活性污泥中筛选了一株能以吡啶为唯一碳、氮源的细菌,经鉴定为脱氮副球菌（Paracoccus denitrificans W12）。W12菌具有壮观霉素和潮霉素抗性。降解实验结果表明,W12菌能够将505.4mg/L的高浓度吡啶在26小时内完全降解,但不具有降解苯酚和喹啉的能力。质粒提取实验结果显示,W12菌含有两个大质粒,消除质粒后菌株的吡啶降解能力明显低于野生菌,因此该菌株所携质粒可能与W12菌的吡啶降解能力有关。     

一株多氯联苯降解菌的分离鉴定及基因分型

从深海底泥中分离筛选出一株以多氯连苯（PCBs）为惟一碳源和能源生长的菌株, 命名为pdi. 该菌在含有PCBs 7.5 mg/L的150 mL液体培养基中培养7d, 用GC MS检测其对PCBs的降解率达95.38%. 以细菌16SrDNA通用引物对pdi基因组进行PCR扩增, 得到~1　500　bp的片段. 经纯化, 测序后在Genbank上进行同源性比较分析及系统发育树构建, 该菌与Pseudomonsa spTS1138同源性达100%, 初步鉴定该菌为假单胞菌属. 对pdi基因组进一步运用RAPD分子标记技术进行随机引物扩增基因分型, 获得了稳定的DNA 指纹图谱.     

1株氯苯降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

从大连化工厂的活性污泥样品中分离得到1株氯苯降解菌CB-2,该菌株能够以氯苯为唯一碳源进行生长.通过对其形态、生理生化特征分析以及对16SrDNA序列进行同源比较,初步鉴定该菌株为肠杆菌属（Enterobacter）.研究了菌株CB-2对氯苯的降解特性,实验结果表明,该菌株对氯苯的最适降解条件为pH=7,温度35℃,摇床转速为120r/min,接种量5%.在最适条件下,氯苯降解率可达82%以上.测定了降解途径中相关酶的活性,表明菌株CB-2降解氯苯是通过邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶催化的邻位开环途径进行的.     

苯胺降解菌的特性研究及分子生物学基础

从长期受苯胺污染环境中筛选到一株细菌NKS．能以苯胺为唯一的碳源、氮源生长．NKS降解苯胺的最适温度和pH分别为30C和7.2，最适苯胺浓度为3000mg／L．NKS还可利用邻苯二酚和邻甲苯胺．提高接种浓度对NKS的降解效果有显著影响，重金属离子对NKS的生长和苯胺降解均有不同程度的抑制作用，以Ag^ ，Hg^ 最明显．对NKS与苯胺降解代谢有关酶类的测定结果表明，NKS中催化邻苯二酚开环的酶主要为邻苯二酚-2，3-双加氧酶(CD23O)．且该酶为诱导酶．PCR结果表明NKS中与苯胺酶降解有关酶的基因位于细菌的染色体上．     

2 3-二羟基联苯酶促降解及编码酶基因扩增

一株新分离的联苯降解菌Dyella ginsengisoliLA-4的细胞粗提物可以降解邻苯二酚类化合物生成间位开环产物.实验证明菌株LA-4中的2,3-二羟基联苯1,2-双加氧酶(BphC)为组成酶.以2,3-二羟基联苯、邻苯二酚和4-氯邻苯二酚为底物时,酶的比活分别是7.37、0.2和0.06 U/mg.考察了金属离子及抑制剂对酶活性的影响.金属离子对酶活性影响的结果表明Fe2+能促进粗酶对邻苯二酚和4-氯邻苯二酚的降解,但对2,3-二羟基联苯却起到抑制作用.当氧化性抑制剂H2O2的浓度大于1 mmol/L时酶活完全丧失,说明其属于Fe(Ⅱ)依赖型外二醇双加氧酶类.通过PCR方法扩增出菌株LA-4中bphC基因的保守区,其序列与已知bphC基因相似性约为73%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with