基于神经网络的沥青混合料抗剪强度预估方法

通过采用神经网络工具,探讨沥青混合料的抗剪强度预估方法．通过对比,采用不同输入参数,选定沥青类型、集料类型、空隙率、级配类型、公称粒径、油石比等六个影响因素作为输入参数．引入了误差分级迭代法进行网络学习训练,通过对比常规BP算法和误差分级迭代法,发现后者能有效减轻初始权值和阈值对训练和样本预测的影响,也能较好控制样本预测的误差．因此,建议采用基于误差分级迭代法的BP神经网络方法,预测沥青混合料的抗剪强度．     

基于误差分级迭代法的基坑变形预测

BP(back propagation)神经网络算法在变形预测方面存在收敛速度慢、学习效率低、容易陷入局部最小值等问题,直接影响预测结果的精准性,利用误差分级迭代法优化的神经网络能够更好地降低误差,提升预测性能.通过对比分析误差分级迭代法与BP神经网络的优势,建立误差分级迭代法模型并编制误差分级迭代法变形预测程序.采用基坑工程实测数据,经过误差分级迭代法优化后神经网络的最大误差为0.96％,与径向基神经网络预测精度相比提高3.5％,利用误差分级迭代法预测基坑变形结果其精准性较高,具有一定的实用价值.     

基于BP神经网络的PID改进和研究

主要对BP神经网络PID控制算法进行了研究,提出一种改变步长和学习率的迭代法,能有效的减少网络收敛次数.然后从神经网络激活函数的选择出发,提出一种新的非线性误差函数.仿真表明,该方法能减少网络训练的次数,加快收敛,也能避免网络学习下初期的振荡现象.     

基于BP神经网络的干热风灾害预测

干热风是我国新疆，西北等地农业气象灾害之一，其形成因素呈现复杂的非线性关系．利用传统方法很难建立起一个精确完善的预测模型．人工神经网络具有强大的非线性映射能力，尤其是BP神经网络在预测领域中被广泛应用．本文利用BP神经网络对干热风灾害进行了预测．结果表明，基于BP神经网络的干热风预测模型误差小，能达到满意的效果．     

基于神经网络的全局寻优自适应BP学习算法

根据梯度算法中网络权值的演化规律，并基于终端吸引子，提出一种能全局寻优自适应的快速BP算法，该算法的基本思想足最小二乘算法，采用梯度搜索技术，以期使网络的实际输出值与期望值的误差的均方值为最小．同时，进行BP学习算法的稳定性和快速收敛问题分析研究．并进一步给出改善BP算法学习率修正、假饱和现象消除等训练结果的措施．     

基于改进BP网络对三门峡水库泥沙冲淤量的计算

人工神经网络具有很好的分布存储和容错性，适合解决非线性问题．在分析了汛期、非汛期水库泥沙冲淤影响因子的基础上。利用改进的BP网络模型对水库泥沙冲淤量进行计算．网络训练时，非汛期采用动量法和学习律自适应调整策略，拟合误差较小，平均相对误差约为0．10；汛期采用Levenberg-Marquardt优化方法，由于非线性关系复杂及人为因素多。误差相对较大，利用该模型预测不同水库运行条件下泥沙淤积量，计算量小，使用方便．     

基于BP神经网络的电解加工精度预测模型

为精确地预测电解加工精度,采用了BP神经网络的方法进行建模．在分析影响加工精度主要因素的基础上,确定了BP神经网络模型的特征参数,并根据实际情况,确定了输入层和中间隐层的维数,从而确定了模型的结构．用试验参数对模型结构进行训练,最终建立了一个用于电解加工精度预测的BP神经网络模型．利用该模型进行的精度预测结果表明,该模型的预测误差可以控制在10％以内,具有很高的精度预测能力．     

基于BP神经网络的城市供水系统管网预测

针对城市供水系统的复杂性、非线性、时变化性以及多因素影响的特点，探讨了建立基于BP神经网络城市供水管网预测的原理，阐述了建立基于BP网络的城市供水时序预测模型方法．根据管网的节点压力历史数据纪录，建立基于神经网络的管网压力时序预测模型，对未来某一时段的节点压力进行预测．从预测过程和结果分析，基于BP神经网络城市供水管网预测方法操作简单，运行速度快，误差修正方便，精度高．图2，表1，参12．     

用Chebyshev多项式加速的预处理子空间迭代法

研究了计算大型稀疏对称矩阵的若干个最大或最小特征值的问题，首先引入了求解大型对称特征值问题的预处理子空间迭代法和Chebyshev迭代法，并对其作了理论分析．为了加速预处理子空间迭代法的收敛性，笔者采用组合Chebyshev迭代法和预处理子空间迭代法，提出了计算大型对称稀疏矩阵的几个最大或最小特征值的Chebyshev预处理子空间迭代法．数值结果表明，该方法比预处理子空间方法优越．     

汽轮机在线性能分析BP神经网络模型

为了提高汽轮机在线性能分析系统的健壮性、精确性和抗干扰能力，对BP网络算法进行拓展，增强其网络功能。使之能够分析网络输入参数偏差对输出参数的影响，建立了一种新的汽机在线性能分析模型．与常规在线分析模型相比，该模型只需常规模型输入参数个数的1/5，大大减小了测量设备损坏对在线系统的影响；而且该模型分析结果精确、可靠，测定的热耗结果与常规分析结果误差不超过1％．另外，该模型容错性能良好，参数在2％内波动对分析结果无太大影响．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to