渤海Xia虎鱼类的生物学调查——关于区系分布与生态学基础的研究

虾鱼鱼类Ｇｏｂｉｏｉｄｅｉ是包括弹涂鱼科Ｐｅｒｉｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍｉｄａｅ，鳗虾虎鱼科Ｔａｅｎｉｏｉｄｉｄａｅ等在内的一群小型鱼类，全世界计有约１７２０种左右，全国有１６１种海水虾虎鱼类，其中有２０种分布于渤海，这次调查共采到１９种，其中有２种系黄海边缘分布，为渤海首次记录，本报告了虾虎鱼类在渤海水域的名录，分布和生态学特征，分析了它们在渤海生态系中的作用，特别是对增殖放流对虾的影响。     

海水鱼类单殖吸虫的研究Ⅷ寄生于Xia虎鱼鳃上指环虫两新种及一中国新记录

我们在整理采于广西和海南的单殖吸虫标本时 ,发现寄生于虎鱼鳃上的指环虫两新种 .并确认二翼指环虫ＤａｃｔｙｌｏｇｙｒｕｓｂｉａｌａｔｕｓＷｕ ,Ｗａｎｇ＆Ｊｉａｎｇ ,1 988为棘虎伪指环虫ＰｓｅｕｄｏｄａｃｔｙｌｏｇｙｒｕｓｈａｚｅＯｇａｗａ ,1 984的同物异名 ,且棘虎伪指环虫为中国新记录 .现报道如下 ,新种的模式标本保存于华南师范大学生物系 .1 .钦州指环虫 ,新种Ｄａｃｔｙｌｏｇｙｒｕｓｑｉｎｚｈｏｕｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ ｎｏｖ .(图 1 -ａ ,ｂ )图 1　钦州指环虫 ,新种Ｄａｃｔｙｌｏｇｙｒｕｓｑｉｎｚｈｏｕｅｎｓ…     

黄鳍刺Xia虎鱼（Acanthogobius flavimanu）前期幼虫摄食习性和摄食率的初步

对1997年5月莱州湾滩河口采集的黄鳍刺Xia虎鱼前期幼鱼进行消化内含物分析,结果表明,黄鳍刺Xia虎鱼前期为浮游动物食性,主要摄食镖蚤类,短尾类幼全,猛蚤类和甲壳类的六肢幼体,摄食有明显的节律,清晨消化道内含物量多,傍晚最少,摄食的种类随昼夜不同时间有一定的变化,摄食率：C＝9.2528g/(100g.BW.d),日摄食量：FD＝0.0047g/d.     

四川鱼类的新纪录

1977—1987年我们先后在南充市、南部县、三台县、城口县、蒲江县和酉阳县,分别采得褐栉(鱼叚)虎鱼9尾、粘皮栉(鱼叚)虎鱼3尾和神农栉(鱼叚)虎鱼3尾.经查证属四川省鱼类新纪录.     

尾纹裸头虾虎鱼染色体组型分析

以尾纹裸头虾虎鱼的脾脏细胞为材料，用空气干燥法制片，进行其染色体组型分析，染色体数目２ｎ为４４，染色体总臂数（ＮＦ）为８６，其中中部着丝点染色体为１０对，亚中部着丝点染色体为１１对，端部着丝点染色体只１对，即２ｎ等于２０ｍ＋２２ｓｍ＋２ｔ。     

舟山细栉鰕虎鱼命名之商榷

1940年 Herre氏根据在中国舟山群岛的定海所采集的 3尾标本，发表了舟山栉虎鱼 Ctenogobius chusanensis。 Bohlke（ 1953）也曾引用过 Herrer的原始记录。此后近 50年来，国内一直未发现该种标本。作者于 1994年 10月至 l996年 10月间，在象山港松岙的滩涂上 (29° 33′ N， 121° 38′ E)采到该种标本 45尾，通过对其头部感觉管孔的数量、颊部感觉乳突的分布与排列规律、纵列鳞数以及其他外形特征的分析、相近的种的比较，认为该种应更名为舟山细棘虎鱼 Acentrogobius chusanensis。 1材科和方法 1.1材料 　　1)副模标本 1尾，编号…     

矛尾复虾虎鱼个体生殖力的研究

研究了矛尾复虾虎鱼个体生殖力及其与生物学指标的关系，结果表明：个体绝对生殖力为3052．67896粒，个体相对生殖力Fl为234．0-1867．0粒／cm，Fw为16．8-1260．1粒／g。个体绝对生殖力与体长、净体重、卵巢重呈直线相关，与肥满度负相关，与成熟系数相关关系不显著；个体相对生殖力Fl除了与成熟系数相关关系不显著，与各生物学指标正相关；Fw除了与成熟系数和肥满度呈正相关外，其余均呈负相关。     

海水鱼类单殖吸虫的研究ⅩⅢ寄生于鰕虎鱼鳃上指环虫两新种及一中国新记录

我们在整理采于广西和海南的单殖吸虫标本时,发现寄生于虎鱼鳃上的指环虫两新种.并确认二翼指环虫Dactylogyrus bialatus Wu,Wang & Jiang,1988为棘虎伪指环虫Pseudodactylogyrus haze Ogawa,1984的同物异名,且棘虎伪指环虫为中国新记录.现报道如下,新种的模式标本保存于华南师范大学生物系.     

矛尾复(鱼叚)虎鱼个体生殖力的研究

研究了矛尾复(鱼叚)虎鱼个体生殖力及其与生物学指标的关系 ,结果表明 :个体绝对生殖力为 3 052～ 67 896粒,个体相对生殖力 Fl 为 234.0～ 1 867.0粒 /cm, Fw为 16.8～ 1 260.1粒 /g.个体绝对生殖力与体长、净体重、卵巢重呈直线相关,与肥满度负相关,与成熟系数相关关系不显著;个体相对生殖力 Fl除了与成熟系数相关关系不显著,与各生物学指标正相关; Fw除了与成熟系数和肥满度呈正相关外,其余均呈负相关.     

秋季渤海湾(河北省段)水体及鱼体内重金属含量与评价

2013年秋季在渤海湾采集了48份水样,矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichth ys stigmatias Richardson)样品90份,测定重金属含量.水体表层7种重金属含量从高到低是Cu,Zn,Cr,As,Pb,Cd,Hg,底层是Zn,Cu,Cr,As,Pb,Cd,Hg,矛尾虾虎鱼体内重金属含量顺序是Zn,Cu,Pb,As,Cr,Cd,Hg.结果表明:Cr,Cd和As含量符合海水水质标准第工类标准要求,Hg和Pb符合海水水质标准第Ⅱ类标准要求,Zn和Cu符合海水水质标准第Ⅲ类标准要求;秋季渤海湾的矛尾虾虎鱼未受到重金属的污染.     

基于COI和D-Loop序列豫北虾虎鱼分子系统分析

虾虎鱼在河南省北部广泛分布,但其系统分类和多样性未有报道.从豫北原阳黄寺、安阳小南海、淇县淇河、长垣孙东闸、林州弓上水库等地采集虾虎鱼样本共计23尾,成都岷江样本6尾,分别扩增了线粒体COI基因和D-Loop序列.联合GenBank下载虾虎鱼的COI序列和D-Loop序列,构建了虾虎鱼的系统进化树.结果显示,采自黄寺、小南海、淇县、岷江地区的子陵吻虾虎鱼(Rhinogobius giurinus)聚为一个分支,而采自孙东闸和弓上水库的褐吻虾虎鱼(Rhinogobius brunneus)聚为一个单系群;这两种虾虎鱼遗传分化主要来自群体间.系统发育结果支持子陵吻虾虎鱼的韩国群体与中国群体构成姐妹群关系,中国不同地理种群间则相互交叉.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.