水蒸气和石灰石对流化床富氧燃烧NO的影响

借助循环流化床试验台架研究了水蒸气和石灰石对煤流化床富氧燃烧时NO析出的影响.结果表明:与空气燃烧相比,煤在体积分数比φ(O2)∶φ(CO2)=21%∶79%气氛下燃烧时NO的析出量降低.O2+CO2气氛下,随着O2体积浓度的增加,NO的析出量逐渐增大.水蒸气加入后,燃烧温度降低,且受到水煤气反应和水的离解等化学作用的影响,NO还原反应增强,析出量降低;水蒸气体积浓度越高,析出量的降低越大.CO2体积浓度的增加对NO还原反应的影响要大于水蒸气体积浓度增加时.石灰石煅烧产物CaO对密相区NO还原反应的催化作用占主导地位,进而致使NO的析出量降低;且其对挥发份较高的黄陵烟煤的影响要小于对挥发份较低的晋城无烟煤的影响.水蒸气会加速CaO的烧结,降低CaO对NO还原反应的催化作用.     

改性活性焦低温脱硝实验研究

采用浸渍法制备改性活性焦脱并除烟气中的NOx,研究了煅烧气氛、不同改性剂、改性剂浓度、模拟烟气温度对改性活性焦脱硝率的影响.结果表明:经FeSO4,CuSO4,K2CO3,KMnO4四种改性剂改性的活性焦中以FeSO4改性活性焦脱硝效果最佳;纯氮气气氛下煅烧制得的改性活性焦脱硝效果要好于在氮气加水蒸气气氛中获得的改性活性焦;四种不同质量分数(2%,5%,10%,20%)FeSO4改性活性焦的脱硝对比实验结果表明:5%的FeSO4改性制得的活性焦脱硝效果最好;在较低温度(80℃～180℃)范围内时,最佳的脱硝烟气温度为80℃,并且NO脱除率可稳定在40%.     

城市生活垃圾可燃组分挥发分析出动力学预测

为了给气化焚烧炉工艺参数的确定提供参考依据,实验研究城市生活垃圾中5种可燃组分在氮气、二氧化碳和空气中挥发分的析出特性。热重分析表明:各组分在空气气氛下挥发分析出的同时发生挥发分燃烧,氮气和二氧化碳气氛下的挥发分析出特性基本一致;含氯塑料和织物的挥发分分两段析出,其余各组分挥发分为一段析出;各物料的挥发分析出区间为250-520℃,挥发时间小于10min。根据Caots-Redfern方法确定动力学参数并进行动力学预测。     

城市生活垃圾可燃组分挥发分析出动力学预测

为了给气化焚烧炉工艺参数的确定提供参考依据,实验研究城市生活垃圾中5种可燃组分在氮气、二氧化碳和空气中挥发分的析出特性。热重分析表明:各组分在空气气氛下挥发分析出的同时发生挥发分燃烧,氮气和二氧化碳气氛下的挥发分析出特性基本一致;含氯塑料和织物的挥发分分2段析出,其余各组分挥发分为1段析出;各物料的挥发分析出区间为250~520℃,挥发时间小于10 min。根据Caots-Redfern方法确定动力学参数并进行动力学预测。     

基于TG-FTIR的印染污泥与烟煤掺烧特性研究

采用热重红外联用仪研究了印染污泥与烟煤的掺混燃烧过程.结果表明:污泥燃烧存在3个主要阶段,分别对应于150~350℃区间纤维类挥发分的析出和燃烧、350~500℃区间细菌蛋白质等高分子有机质的燃烧以及500℃后无机染料矿物质的煅烧;烟煤中掺入印染污泥可提高着火特性,30%掺混时可降低着火点约20℃,同时综合燃烧特性指数下降;印染污泥燃烧初期活化能仅为70 k J/mol,燃烧后期活化能升至130~160 k J/mol;随烟煤中污泥添加量的增加,混合物初始阶段的活化能减小而后续燃烧阶段的活化能增大.综合分析发现,当污泥量低于20%时,对整体燃烧特性的影响较小.热重红外曲线表明:污泥与烟煤混合后,矿物质之间通过反应对污染物的行程产生影响;污泥灰分中的碱性氧化物以及起固硫催化作用的Fe_2O_3有利于将混合物中的硫固定在灰渣中;NO_x主要来源于燃料型NO_x的释放;由于污泥易于脱挥,析出小分子的可燃气体形成还原性气氛,有利于降低混合物燃烧前期NOx的生成.     

O2/CO2气氛下混煤燃烧过程中NOx排放特性

在滴管炉上对无烟煤、烟煤及其混煤在O2/CO2气氛下燃烧时的NOx排放特性进行了研究,重点分析了燃烧气氛、温度、氧浓度、掺混比例等对NOx排放浓度及氮转化率的影响.实验结果表明,较之O2/N2气氛下,无烟煤与烟煤在O2/CO2气氛下混烧时NO排放浓度平均低大约12%;随O2体积分数增加,NO排放浓度仅小幅增加;随混煤中无烟煤所占比例的增加,NO排放浓度先减小后增加,当无烟煤/烟煤比例为1:1时,其达到最小值;混煤的氮转化率随混煤中无烟煤比例的增加而逐渐减小.混煤的氮转化率与掺混比例有较大的关联,但并非简单的线性关系.     

煤焦燃烧特性与其脱硝效率间的关联实验研究

采用神木烟煤在高温氮气气氛下制备煤焦,并探讨了不同的氧气体积分数及取样位置下煤焦脱硝与燃烧间的关联.结果表明:煤焦脱硝效能的最大发挥主要可通过再燃区氧气体积分数的调控来实现.当再燃区氧气体积分数低于3.26%时,控制氧气体积浓度在煤焦表面实现表面氧化反应控制下的燃烧状态,能促进煤焦颗粒大幅升温,同时通过限制着火强度可以保证颗粒表面存在氧化反应生成活性点所需的足够氧气,此时适当延迟取样有利于煤焦脱硝效率的提高;当再燃区氧气体积分数高于3.26%时,易导致煤焦进入表面还原反应控制燃烧状态,过多延迟取样则将失去强化脱硝的效果.     

稻草与煤共热解过程中不同赋存状态钾的迁移转化行为

为研究稻草与煤共热解过程中钾元素的迁移规律,选用稻草和晋城无烟煤为原料,在高频炉实验平台上对全钾的析出以及不同赋存状态钾的迁移转化进行了研究。结果表明,晋城无烟煤对钾的析出有抑制作用,全钾析出率随着温度的升高和煤掺混比降低而升高;当热解温度低于1000℃时,SiO_2与钾生成较稳定的硅酸盐;当热解温度高于1000℃时,高岭土与钾生成稳定的硅铝酸盐。Al_2O_3通过表面黏附来减少钾的析出,煤中的挥发分和固定碳可以与钾结合减少钾的析出,晋城无烟煤整体上促进了稻草中水溶态和可离子交换态钾向酸溶态及残渣态钾转化。     

不同反应气氛下尖晶石型Cu0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4 催化剂的柴油车氮氧化物净化性能

为考察溶胶-凝胶法制备的尖晶石型Cu0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4催化剂在不同反应条件下的稳定性和适应性,通过在自制的固定床反应器上模拟柴油车尾气,研究在不同反应气氛下催化剂的NH3选择性催化还原NOx性能,并利用XRD、SEM、N2吸附、FT-IR等技术对催化剂进行表征分析。结果表明：Cu0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4催化剂在不同反应气氛下的催化性能和抗硫性能各异。300~400℃为高效温度区间,其中350℃为最佳活性温度点,而自280℃起,随着温度的提高,催化剂抗硫性能也随之提高。在10000~30000h-1空速范围内,催化剂具有较好的适应性,催化性能和抗硫性能随着空速的增加而逐渐降低。当氧含量≥5%时,催化剂具有良好的催化活性和抗硫性能。一定的氨氮比（≥1.2）可使NO去除率达到最大。反应过程中催化剂的失活程度与SO2浓度呈正相关,催化剂在低硫浓度（≤0.035%）下具有良好的抗硫性能。     

气氛和温度对AlON透明陶瓷热腐蚀的影响

以氧化钇为烧结助剂,在流动氮气气氛下,经1880 ℃保温10小时获得AlON陶瓷.将所得到的陶瓷样品研磨抛光后分别在氮气(常压)气氛下1750 ℃,1680 ℃,1650 ℃和真空(<1.0×10-3 Pa)气氛下1680 ℃,1650 ℃进行热腐蚀.保温时间均为2小时.然后将上述经热腐蚀后的各样品用扫描电子显微镜对其腐蚀表面进行了观察,进而研究气氛和温度对AlON陶瓷热腐蚀的影响.通过对以上结果的分析比较得到AlON热腐蚀的最佳条件为真空(<1.0×10-3 Pa)条件下1650 ℃.最后对新生晶粒组成成份、产生的原因以及温度对陶瓷表面腐蚀程度的影响也进行了分析.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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