Empirical Evidence in the Structure of Physical Theories

The author considers the empirical component of physical theories. He studies the origin and development of the theory of physical experiment, the structure and gnoseological hypotheses of the measuring process, as well as the relativity principle concerning the measuring equipment. Examples of modern physical theories are used in order to demonstrate the influence of experimental facts on the formation and development, verification and accepting of these theories in the structure of scientific systems. The role of accidental experimental facts in this process is also the subject.     

析取问题与因果论的心理语义学

本文通过分析以德莱斯基和福多为代表的当代心理语义学对心理表征意义问题的因果解释,表明（１）析取问题是蕴含在因果论的意义理论之中的,因而是因果论的意义理论所不能逾越的理论障碍;（２）析取问题的顽固性向我们揭示,因果的层次不是解决心理表征意义问题的恰当层次。     

Axiomatization and Models of Scientific Theories

In this paper we discuss two approaches to the axiomatization of scientific theories in the context of the so called semantic approach, according to which (roughly) a theory can be seen as a class of models. The two approaches are associated respectively to Suppes’ and to da Costa and Chuaqui’s works. We argue that theories can be developed both in a way more akin to the usual mathematical practice (Suppes), in an informal set theoretical environment, writing the set theoretical predicate in the language of set theory itself or, more rigorously (da Costa and Chuaqui), by employing formal languages that help us in writing the postulates to define a class of structures. Both approaches are called internal, for we work within a mathematical framework, here taken to be first-order ZFC. We contrast these approaches with an external one, here discussed briefly. We argue that each one has its strong and weak points, whose discussion is relevant for the philosophical foundations of science.     

功能翻译理论关照下的机电专业词汇翻译

机电翻译属于科技翻译范畴,须遵循科技翻译的一般准则。在翻译机电专业词汇时,译者必须从功能翻译理论的角度出发,根据其具体翻译目的采取相应的翻译策略。     

功能翻译理论关照下的机电专业词汇翻译

机电翻译属于科技翻译范畴,须遵循科技翻译的一般准则.在翻译机电专业词汇时,译者必须从功能翻译理论的角度出发,根据其具体翻译目的采取相应的翻译策略.     

Gould, Hull, and the Individuation of Scientific Theories

When is conceptual change so significant that we should talk about a new theory, not a new version of the same theory? We address this problem here, starting from Gould’s discussion of the individuation of the Darwinian theory. He locates his position between two extremes: ‘minimalist’—a theory should be individuated merely by its insertion in a historical lineage—and ‘maximalist’—exhaustive lists of necessary and sufficient conditions are required for individuation. He imputes the minimalist position to Hull and attempts a reductio: this position leads us to give the same ‘name’ to contradictory theories. Gould’s ‘structuralist’ position requires both ‘conceptual continuity’ and descent for individuation. Hull’s attempt to assimilate into his general selectionist framework Kuhn’s notion of ‘exemplar’ and the ‘semantic’ view of the structure of scientific theories can be used to counter Gould’s reductio, and also to integrate structuralist and population thinking about conceptual change.     

因果关系的操控理论与因果多元主义

干预主义者所持有的因果关系理论是单一标准的,他们认为因果关系的操控理论优于因果多元主义。但是,通过对因果多元主义的分类表明,伍德沃德通过批判形而上学的因果多元主义进而驳斥因果多元主义是有失偏颇的,因果关系的操控理论不仅和概念的因果多元主义和认识论-方法论的因果多元主义相互融合,而且支持概念的因果多元主义和认识论-方法论的因果多元主义。     

整体主义社会理论的本体论承诺之变迁

自19世纪末至现在,整体主义社会理论在本体论承诺上经历了几次变迁。迪尔凯姆确立了最强的形式;50年代,布洛德贝克退缩到个体主义立场;90年代,金凯德和索耶退缩到依随性,但是,艾梅克等人在突现论基础上建立了非还原的层级本体论。     

论理论创新的经验确定性指标

科学理论的经验确定性是科学创新的合理指标之一.追求理论的经验确定性对于理论创新具有重要意义.     

西方休闲学研究述评

在西方,将休闲作为一门学科加以研究已有一百多年的历史,本文主要评述了这一学科领域的一些代表著作和代表人物,这一学科诞生的社会背景以及它的研究对学术界所产生的影响。     

等效原理与引力的规范理论

通过对原始文献的解读,梳理了引力规范理论80年发展之历史,澄清了关于平移势定义的混乱,指出了引力规范理论与Yang-Mills规范理论之间的联系与区别.在Yang-Mills理论中,规范势是主丛上的Ehresmann联络;而在引力规范理论中,引力势是嘉当几何中的嘉当联络.     

科学理论的简单性原则新探

本文论述了科学理论的简单性原则，科学理论以自然简单性为客观基础，在建构过程中遵循逻辑简单性，最终的表现形式也必须遵循语言简单性。     

论萨普对科学理论句法观的误解

通常将萨普的表述作为对科学理论句法观的标准理解,但对比卡尔纳普的原始表述,表明萨普的表述中存在诸多误解:一是认为句法观仅限于以一阶语言来重构科学理论,未指出句法观已将类型论与数学都囊括于其基本演算中;二是未指明"经验定律"就是重构后的科学理论"公理系统"中的"定理";三是对观察子演算及其形式语义的引入,误解了卡尔纳普在句法观中提出的经验语义解释及模型概念的本义。     

创新理论发展的四阶段论:回顾与解读

创新理论研究的趋法,经历了多次转变。通过对其形成的背景和创新政策的决策理念、机理的对比,将创新理论发展的脉络分为四个阶段,即:线性驱动、系统驱动、多系统驱动(三螺旋过渡)、生态系统驱动。     

真理论的新进展--最小主义及其批评

本文简单评析了传统真理论的争论：符合论、融贯论和实用论，并引入了现代理论框架：弗雷格的“透明论旨”、塔尔斯基的“真理图式”以及蒯因的“去引号论”。霍维奇的最小主义主张真理的等值图式，并将真理概念限定为语义功能，从而提出真理是形而上学琐屑的。笔者质疑了最小主义将命题作为真理载体的做法，认为真理概念具有形而上学中立性而非形而上学琐屑性。并尝试突破真理的现代框架，提出完整的真理论应该包括“真”和“理”。