WO3 纳米材料气敏性能研究进展

作为n型半导体的WO3是一种优良的气敏材料,对NOX、H2S、H2、CH4、C2H5OH、CO、NH3等气体都有良好的敏感性。目前WO3气敏材料已经基本满足社会应用的要求,但有些指标还有待改善。本文综述了WO3纳米材料气敏性能的研究进展,介绍了n型半导体WO3纳米材料的气敏传感机制,以及通过形貌控制等手段提高气敏性能、掺杂WO3纳米材料气敏性能及其复合气敏材料气敏性能的研究进展情况。作者认为WO3纳米材料在提高灵敏度、降低工作温度,特别是提高选择性和稳定性上还有很大的研究空间,并且还需克服制备的高成本,探索简易而且重复性强的制备工艺,以便更早地应用于商业化生产,为社会生产生活服务。     

纳米WO3材料NO2气敏特性的研究

通过热分解法 ,制备获得纳米WO3 材料 ,以此WO3 为气敏材料 ,应用溶胶凝胶法 ,制备纳米SiO2 掺杂材料 ,研制NO2 气敏元件 .该元件对NO2 气体有较高的灵敏度和较好的选择性 .利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪 ,分析材料的微观结构 ,进行气敏特性机理探讨 .     

纳米WO3材料NO2气敏特性的研究

通过热分解法 ,制备获得纳米WO3 材料 ,以此WO3 为气敏材料 ,应用溶胶凝胶法 ,制备纳米SiO2 掺杂材料 ,研制NO2 气敏元件 .该元件对NO2 气体有较高的灵敏度和较好的选择性 .利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪 ,分析材料的微观结构 ,进行气敏特性机理探讨 .     

In~(3+)掺杂SnO_2纳米粉体的制备及气敏性能研究

以自制的SnO2和In2O3为原料,通过固相研磨法制得了一系列掺有In3+的SnO2纳米粉体,利用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜等测试手段对材料的结构、形貌进行了测量和表征.将该材料制成气敏元件,采用静态配气法测试了材料的对Cl2,NO2,H2,H2S,乙醇,甲醛等气体的气敏性能.探讨了掺杂量、工作电压对SnO2粉体材料气敏性能的影响.研究发现:其中当掺杂In2O3的质量分数为3%时,元件在加热电压为3.5 V下对体积分数为30×10-6的Cl2的灵敏度达到3036,而对其他气体几乎没有响应或者响应很小,元件具有较好的响应-恢复特性,响应时间和恢复时间分别是3 s和8 s,最后简要讨论了SnO2对的Cl2气敏机理.     

不同pH合成的MWCNTs-WO_3复合材料的室温气敏性能

为提高WO3的气敏性能,采用水热合成法,以钨酸钠(Na2WO4·2H2O)和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为原料,合成多壁碳纳米管与三氧化钨(MWCNTs-WO3)复合材料。通过调节溶液的pH,对合成复合材料的形貌、尺寸进行控制合成,并在常温下对NO的气敏性能进行检测。研究结果表明:所得样品均为六方相WO3和MWCNTs,复合材料的尺寸随着pH(pH=2~5)的增大而增加,形貌也由棒状转化为立方体状。当pH=3时,WO3与MWCNTs相互结合形成网状复合材料,对NO表现出良好的气敏性能,室温条件下对体积分数为9.7×10-5的NO灵敏度可达16.8%,具有响应时间快,选择性好的优点。     

利用磁控溅射仪制作平面薄膜型H2S硅微传感器

通过反应溅射 ,以硅基片 (表面上有白金加热电极 )为基底制作H2 S薄膜气敏元件 .实验表明 ,纳米SnO2 对H2 S具有较高的敏感度 ,对干扰气体的选择性较好 .性能测试表明 ,元件的特性与敏感材料的厚度、溅射气压等工艺参数有关系 ,但敏感材料的厚度对元件的特性起着决定性的作用 ,气敏薄膜有一个最佳厚度范围 .通过X射线衍射仪进行材料的微观分析 ,表明SnO2 的平均粒径大小为 8.5nm .     

WO_3纳米薄膜气敏性能研究进展

三氧化钨(WO3)纳米薄膜是一种典型的气敏材料,如何提高薄膜的气敏性能一直是薄膜气敏传感器材料领域的研究重点.本文结合近年来国内外研究成果,综述了最近几年纳米WO3薄膜的研究现状和进展,阐述了改善WO3薄膜气敏性能的重要方法.     

夹心结构杂多化合物N(CH3)4Na6[Na3{Co(H2O)}2WOH2O(AsW9O33)2]·35H2O的晶体结构及表征

在 p H≈ 6.5及稀土盐 Gd Cl3 · 6H2 O或 Ce( NO3 ) 3 · 6H2 O的存在下 ,Na2 WO4· 2 H2 O与Na As O2 及 Co( NO3 ) 2 · 6H2 O反应 ,得到了夹层型杂多钨酸盐 N( CH3 ) 4 Na6[Na3 {Co( H2 O) }2 WO( H2 O) ( As W9O3 3 ) 2 ]· 35 H2 O单晶 ,用 X射线单晶衍射法及元素分析确定了其结构 ,晶胞参数为 :a=1 .395 ( 1 8) nm,b=1 .90 ( 2 ) nm,c=2 .2 9( 3) nm,α=1 0 2 .3( 4 )°,β=94.7( 3)°,γ=1 0 5 .3( 3)°,V=5 .65 6( 1 2 5 ) nm3 ,Z=2 ,空间群 Pī,R1=0 .0 60 0 ,w R2 =0 .1 2 0 7( I>2σ)。[Na3 {Co( H2 O) }2 WO( H2 O) ( As W9O3 3 ) 2 ]7-具有 C2 v对称性 ,Co2 +的配位数均为 5 .对题示化合物进行了 IR,UV- Vis表征 ,讨论了其形成条件     

用IR研究乙醇在WO3表面的反应

本文阐述了用FT-IR光谱仪对乙醇(C_2H_5OH)在WO_3半导体气敏材料表面反应的研究。实验结果表明:当t(温度)=250℃时。气体产物有乙醚(C_2H_5-O-C_2H_5)生成;295℃407℃时只有C_2H_4生成。同时发现,250℃相似文献   

钼掺杂氧化铁基纳米材料的合成及气敏性能研究

利用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法合成掺杂钼的Fe2O3复合氧化物对H2S等还原性气体有很高的灵敏度,并利用XRD对产品的物相进行了分析;用TEM或SEM对粉体晶粒的粒径和形貌进行了观察;将产物粉体制成气敏元件,采用静态配气法在气敏测试仪上进行了灵敏度和响应-恢复曲线的测试,研究证明钼铁复合氧化物对H2S气体有很好的气敏特性,其中...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the