中空纤维酶膜反应器制取麦芽低聚糖工艺的优化试验研究

采用聚砜中空纤维酶膜反应器,运用α－淀粉酶和异淀粉酶双酶协同作用酶解淀粉制取麦芽低聚糖的酶膜反应连续化工艺．采用正交实验设计方法,获得最佳工艺条件,确定双酶的最佳补加量及反应所要求的最佳温度和糖化补酶时间,产品质量稳定,Ｍ３～６含量达７０％以上．试验表明,酶膜反应连续化新工艺是可行的,为工业化试验提供可靠的设计参数．     

二甲氧基乙酸甲酯的合成研究

以质量分数50％乙醛酸水溶液和原甲酸三甲酯为主要原料，经浓硫酸催化，合成二甲氧基乙酸甲酯。在考察了合成工艺条件的基础上，通过正交实验设计对该反应条件进行了优化，得到了最佳反应条件。二甲氧基乙酸甲酯的收率可达92．16％．     

老鹳草鞣质的提取及其抑菌效果研究

①目的：研究老鹳草鞣质成分的最佳提取工艺条件，确定其体外抗菌效果．②方法：采用正交试验方法确定最佳提取工艺，选择料水比、浸提温度、浸提时间3个因素，每个因素选取3个水平进行试验，以提取物的OD值为测定指标；用在最佳工艺条件下得到的提取液进行抑菌试验．③结果：老鹳草鞣质成分的最佳提取工艺条件是：料水比为1：30、浸提温度为80℃、浸提时间为30min；提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和青霉有明显的抑菌效果，对大肠杆菌也有一定抑菌效果，而对枯草杆菌和黑曲霉的抑菌作用不明显．④结论：老鹳草鞣质具有明显的选择性抑菌作用．     

氯化钾硫酸钠转化法制取硫酸钾工艺条件的探讨

在硫酸钠转化氯化钾制取硫酸钾工艺流程确定的条件下，分别取原料配比、加水量和反应时间等因素及不同水平进行制取钾芒硝和硫酸钾的正交试验，得到其相应的最佳工艺条件。产品硫酸钾未经洗涤纯度可达９５．５％，Ｃｌ－含量低于１％。     

气-固相催化环合N-甲基哌嗪的研究

本文研究了合成N-甲基哌嗪的新方法.即以二乙醇胺和甲胺为原料,选用不同类型催化剂,通过固定床反应器,气固相催化环合制取N-甲基哌嗪的方法.并对反应温度、压力、物料配比等因素对反应的影响作了系统的研究.确定了该环合反应所用最佳催化剂为硅铝比为30的HZSM-5型分子筛催化剂,最佳反应条件为反应温度为300℃,操作压力为8 MPa,二乙醇胺和甲胺的物质的量比为1∶2,空速为0.5 L./h.在此条件下,N-甲基哌嗪的收率可达80％以上,选择性可达90％.     

癸二酸二乙酯的强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成研究

运用条件实验法，以癸二酸、乙醇为原料，直接酯化合成癸二酸二乙酯；分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、催化剂用量等条件对合成反应的影响，确定了最佳工艺条件。该方法合成癸二酸二乙酯的最佳工艺条件是：反应温度80℃、反应时间7h、癸二酸与乙醇物质的量比为7．0、催化剂用量为1．5g、带水剂环己烷为15mL(癸二酸为0．1mol的情况下)，此时可得到酯化率为95．45％的酯化产物。催化剂不经处理可循环使用多次。该催化剂具有价廉易得、催化活性好、不腐蚀设备、无环境污染等优点。     

甲基（γ－氯丙基）二氯硅烷的制备工艺研究

以氯铂酸－胺体系为催化剂的硅氢加成法合成甲基（γ－氯丙基）二氯硅烷，考察了反应温度、原料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对反应产物收率的影响，选择出最佳工艺条件，硅氢加成收率达到８１％．     

水杨酸甲酯的合成改进

在带水剂的条件下，用浓硫酸作催化剂，水杨酸、甲醇直接酯化合成水杨酸甲酯。考察了催化剂的用量、原料配比、带水剂等因素对合成反应的影响，确定了最佳反应条件。在最佳反应条件下，酯合成产率达89．5％。该方法具有合成工艺简单、反应时间短、产率高等特点。     

利用钛渣制备液体硅钾肥的研究

利用钛渣中二氧化硅粒径小、多孔状结构、化学活性高的特性,在较低温度下与氢氧化钾反应制备液体硅钾肥,实现对钛渣的资源化利用。通过相关实验,研究氢氧化钾用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对钛渣中二氧化硅反应率的影响,确定了最佳反应参数。结果表明,最佳工艺参数：钛渣∶氢氧化钾∶水=1∶0.7∶1.8,反应温度80℃,反应时间60 min,搅拌机转速80 r/min,钛渣中二氧化硅反应率可达84.31%,制得的液体硅钾肥指标为：K₂O含量15.89%、SiO₂含量22.35%。     

新型含氮硼酸酯极压抗磨剂的合成及性能

合成了一种亚胺型含氮硼酸酯极压抗磨剂，并用IR、UV和^1HNMR对产物进行了表征，用测水和正交分析的方法确定了最佳的工艺条件，用四磨球机对产物进行了性能测试．该工艺的原料廉价易得，产物易于分离，溶剂能回收循环使用，反应步骤短，操作简单，有利于大规模工业化生产，且副产物是水，提高了环境友好性．结果表明：在邻氨基苯酚、苯甲醛、硼酸和十八醇摩尔比为1．2：1．0：1．2：2．0，温度为110℃，两步各反应2h的最佳条件下，反应酯化率可达91．07％；经四球长磨实验表明，当含氮硼酸酯在液体石蜡中的添加量为质量分数3％时，抗磨性能提高22．62％．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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