论赣南大余-南康地区断层破碎硅化带的韧性剪切作用

在赣南大余-南康一带,以往未发现韧性剪切带.通过野外工作和室内研究,发现了南北、北东、北东东、北西4组韧性剪切带,其中包括前人划的混合岩带、震旦系顶部某些"硅质岩标志层"及一些断裂硅化破碎带和石英脉.这些韧性剪切带的地质特征表明,它们早期发生过多次脆性变形,并伴随多次热液活动,形成规模不一的断层硅化带.断层硅化带在地壳浅部发生韧性剪切作用形成由石英初糜棱岩、糜棱岩和超糜岩构成的韧性剪切带.韧性剪切带的形成取决于应力强度和应变速率,与形成深度无关,这与Sibson的韧性剪切带双层模式是相悖的.     

钦杭结合带(南段)庞西垌断裂中动态重结晶石英颗粒分形特征及主要流变参数估算

广东庞西垌断裂带发育于钦杭结合带南段,是控制该区域银金矿床的重要构造,也是钦杭结合带构造演化的重要窗口。分析了庞西垌断裂带中心发育的糜棱岩及其内动态重结晶石英颗粒分形特征及主要流变参数。研究显示,庞西垌断裂带糜棱岩中可以观察到典型的S-C组构。σ型旋转碎斑系指示北东向韧性剪切带经历了右行剪切。在显微镜下,可以观察到矿物颗粒表现出波状消光、核幔构造、亚晶粒化、动态重结晶、单晶拉长及石英晶条带等现象。石英颗粒的动态重结晶作用十分普遍。单个石英晶粒表现为拉长状、锯齿状、港湾状等不规则状边界形态。整体上石英晶粒表现出微弱的定向趋势。根据分形法估算得到的变形温度,结合显微镜下观察的矿物特征,推断庞西垌断裂带内岩石韧性变形温度在600℃左右,相当于低角闪岩相。石英的"重结晶颗粒粒径压力计"估算得到古差异应力下限在9.1～10.7 MPa之间。石英岩的实验高温流变率显示,应变速率应低于10-13.8S-1。这些流变参数可以利用来加深对断裂带韧性变形过程的认识。     

北京市密云水库西水堡子-梨树沟韧性剪切带显微构造特征

北京密云水库西水堡子-梨树沟韧性剪切带的形成与燕山期岩浆活动有关,研究该韧性剪切带的显微构造特征对确定其性质及成因机制具有重要的理论意义。通过野外剖面实测、岩石定向标本采集及镜下显微构造鉴定,表明断层拆离面以下为变质核杂岩,由长英质糜棱岩、糜棱岩化闪长岩、糜棱岩化黑云母片岩及糜棱岩化片麻岩组成。岩石的韧性组构非常发育,长英质矿物中常见蠕英结构、矩形边结构、机械双晶、核-幔结构等。片状矿物中常见S-C组构、云母鱼结构、显微膝折带等。水堡子-梨树沟韧性剪切带为NWW-SEE向剪切的伸展型韧性剪切带。     

万福变质核杂岩韧性剪切拆离带的韧性减薄量

万福变质核杂岩韧性剪切拆离带与辽南变质核杂岩相毗邻,位于辽东半岛北部。韧性剪切拆离带从浅部到深层依次发育糜棱岩、糜棱化岩石及条带状片麻岩。以长石碎斑为标志体的糜棱岩三维有限应变测量显示,X轴一直伸长,Y轴保持不变,Z轴一直缩短。极莫尔圆估算的韧性剪切拆离带内糜棱岩及糜棱岩化岩石的运动学表明,糜棱岩面理和线理形成时的运动学涡度为0.74~0.96,平均为0.86,表明万福韧性剪切拆离带形成以简单剪切为主,结合三维有限应变测量结果,可知万福韧性剪切拆离带为一条加长-减薄型剪切带。以有限应变测量与运动学涡度估算为基础,初步估算了该韧性剪切拆离带的韧性减薄量,沿剪切拆离方向,韧性减薄量从8%增加到29%,且韧性减薄量与运动学涡度负相关。     

小秦岭金矿糜棱岩成因机理及其与金矿化的关系

本文细致地估算和论述了小秦岭金矿糜棱岩带形成的构造应力场、形成深度、变形速度等参数,进而提出糜棱岩(带)的形成机理为:先经韧性变形——剪切带形成;后过渡到脆性变形——断裂形成。分别从糜棱岩的产出特点、物性变化、构造应力场特点等方面,阐述了糜棱岩与金矿化的关系,得出,糜棱岩带控制矿脉的产出,其间的断裂控制含金石英脉的矿化富集,糜棱岩孔隙度较大,有利于其本身的热液蚀变。最后,利用糜棱岩的研究成果,建立了小秦岭金矿的某些金矿化评价准则。     

秦岭沙沟韧性剪切带长英质糜棱岩的变形变质作用

对秦岭沙沟韧性剪切带的主要岩石类型长英质糜棱岩的组构和变质矿物组合研究表明，其至少经历了３期构造事件，主变形期发生在角闪岩相条件下，温度约５３０℃；持续的岩浆分融／侵入和剪切作用是形成该糜棱岩的重要机制。     

秦岭沙沟韬性剪切带长英质糜棱岩的变形变质作用

对秦岭沙沟韧性剪切带的主要岩石类型长英质糜棱岩的组构和变质矿物组合研究表明，甚至少经历了３其构造事件，主变形其发生在角闪岩相条件下，温度约５３０℃；持续的岩浆分融／侵入和剪切作用是形成该糜棱岩的重要机制。     

北喜马拉雅穹隆带雅拉香波变质核杂岩拆离断层系中糜棱岩带构造特征及变形分析

雅拉香波变质核杂岩位于北喜马拉雅穹隆带东端，其拆离断层系的糜棱岩带构成杂岩核部外壳和周缘，带内主要变形岩石类型为石榴石千糜岩、糜棱状片岩、片麻岩和花岗岩，韧性剪切变形组构特征明显，石英和长石的拉长以及云母的定向排列而形成的透入性面、线理.运动学涡度统计和计算结果表明： 雅拉香波变质核杂岩拆离系的剪切作用类型是以简单剪切作用为主的一般剪切；剪切带厚度减薄了77%左右；核杂岩南侧和北侧运动学涡度值对比发现，该杂岩属于自南南东向北北西主动伸展形成的不对称体系.分维数统计分析显示，剪切带糜棱岩动态重结晶石英颗粒边界具有自相似性，分维数值为1.05—1.18，初步估算出古应变速率在10-9.2—10-7.3s-1之间，变形古应力为13.7—25.6MPa，变形温度不低于500℃，表明该变质核杂岩剪切变形发生于高温环境，一种可能的解释是变质核杂岩核部的浅色花岗岩为同构造侵位.     

陕西省旬阳县城关镇庙岭村狗磨湾构造特征及其对滑坡的控制作用

滑坡等地质灾害往往受控于区域构造.狗磨湾滑坡隶属南秦岭印支褶皱系安康逆冲推覆构造带内庙岭村—长沙河区域韧性剪切带之中.该剪切带经历了多期活动,后期演化为脆性断层.对该韧性剪切带的研究是了解滑坡形成机理的有效手段.通过对韧性剪切带的显微构造、石英c轴组构及后期脆性构造的应力等变形特征进行研究.结果显示:①庙岭村—长沙河区...     

北喜马拉雅穹隆带雅拉香波变质核杂岩拆离断层系中糜棱岩带构造特征及变形分析

雅拉香波变质核杂岩位于北喜马拉雅穹隆带东端,其拆离断层系的糜棱岩带构成杂岩核部外壳和周缘,带内主要变形岩石类型为石榴石千糜岩、糜棱状片岩、片麻岩和花岗岩,韧性剪切变形组构特征明显,石英和长石的拉长以及云母的定向排列而形成的透入性面、线理.运动学涡度统计和计算结果表明:雅拉香波变质核杂岩拆离系的剪切作用类型是以简单剪切作用为主的一般剪切;剪切带厚度减薄了77%左右;核杂岩南侧和北侧运动学涡度值对比发现,该杂岩属于自南南东向北北西主动伸展形成的不对称体系.分维数统计分析显示,剪切带糜棱岩动态重结晶石英颗粒边界具有自相似性,分维数值为1.05-1.18,初步估算出古应变速率在10-9.2-10-7.3s-1之间,变形古应力为13.7-25.6 MPa,变形温度不低于500℃,表明该变质核杂岩剪切变形发生于高温环境,一种可能的解释是变质核杂岩核部的浅色花岗岩为同构造侵位.     

Microstructural and deformational studies on mylonite in the detachment faults of Yalashangbo dome, North Himalayan domes zone

The Yalashangbo dome, located at the eastern end of North Himalayan domes zone, has a geometry and structure similar to those of a metamorphic core complex. Ductile shear zones formed the detachment system around the dome and these zones are composed of garnet-bearing phyllonite, mylonitic schist, mylonitic gneiss and mylonitic granite. Ductile shear fabrics developed well in mylonitic rocks, and penetrative lineation and foliation were formed by stretched quartz and feldspar and preferred orientation of mica. Polar Mohr diagram method is used to calculate the kinematic vorticity numbers of the shear zones in the detachment system. Results indicate that the shear zone is a thinned shear zone (thinning of 23%) in an extensional setting which underwent a general shear dominated by simple shear. Comparison of the vorticity numbers between the northern and southern flanks of the Yalashangbo dome shows that the dome is an asymmetric system formed by a north-northwest-directed detaching unanimously. Statistical fractal analysis shows that the shapes of dynamically recrystallized quartz grains in the mylonites have characteristics of self-similarity, with fractal numbers ranging from 1.05 to 1.18. From these fractal numbers, the strain rate of the rock was deduced from 10^-9.2 S^-1 to 10^-7.3 S^-1, the differential paleao-stress was 13.7-25.6 MPa during the deformation happened at a temperature over 500 ℃. The ductile shear zones in the detachment system around Yalashangbo dome were formed under a high green-schist grade condition or happened simultaneously with the intrusion of granite.     

东天山地区韧剪带石英超微组构分析

通过透射电镜研究，对东天山地区五大韧剪带糜棱岩石曲矿物的超微组构进行了鉴定，并统计了自由位错密度亚颗粒粒径，动态重结晶颗粒粒径等参，获得了各韧剪带的古差异流动力应力。古 力值揭示出了各剪强度变化的规律，即从韧中心到外带，韧宵渐减不上，同时也显出各个韧     

Evolution of the Xiaotian-Mozitan fault and its implications for exhumation of Dabie HP-UHP rocks

The Xiaotian-Mozitan fault （XMF） located north of the Dabie orogenic belt separates the North Dabie complex to the south from the Beihuaiyang low-grade metamorphic rocks to the north. It comprises several NW-striking ductile shear zones and brittle faults. The brittle faults obviously overprinted on the ductile shear zones and promoted the development of the volcanic basins in early Cretaceous to the north, which suggests that the brittle faults were normal faults formed in early Cretaceous during doming of the Dabie orogenic belt. The ductile shear zone superposed on the north Dabie gray gneiss, and it is an important channel where the Dabie HP-UHP rocks exhumed. For obtaining new structural constraint on exhumation of the HP-UHP rocks, we present here experimental results on the microstructure, quartz C-axis fabrics and the microprobe analyses of phengite. The ductile shear zone was determined to be formed at a temperature of 600-650 ℃ and pressure of 1.1 GPa by the mineral deformation, microprobe analyses and geobarometry of Si-in-phengite of the mylonite, the results suggest that the mylonite now exposed on the surface experienced an upper amphibolite-facies metamorphism in the lower crust. The mineral stretching lineation varies from horizontal in the east segment to sub-dip in the west. Shear sense indicators from outcrop and thin sections of orientated specimen and quartz C-axis fabrics suggest that the XMF is a sinistral normal fault. The kinematics analysis of the ductile shear zone indicates that the exhumation of Dabie HP-UHP rocks is the results of a SE-directed extrusion and an anticlockwise rotation around its eastern pivot simultaneously.     

剪切带中斑晶旋转的粘弹性有限元数值模拟

采用粘弹性力学分析程序对太行山阜平地区剪切带中斑晶旋转问题进行了有限元数值模拟。在计算模型中假定：石榴石斑晶为弹性材料,在应力作用下只产生很小的弹性变形;石英、长石质的基质部分为粘弹性材料,它具有随时间变形不断增大的特性。计算结果显示：沿剪切力方向的最大位移能达到模型宽度的3～4倍,相当于简单剪切的角度达到70°以上,斑晶的最大旋转角度能达到60°左右。这样的变形量级已经十分接近野外实际情况。由于目前地壳物质的粘度值基本上是通过间接推测得到的,其可信度较低,因此文中还讨论了基质的粘度变化对变形和应力的影响,分别取了7个不同量级的粘度值(10¹⁷～10²³ Pa·s)进行计算。     

大店沟金矿矿床特征与成因分析

甘肃省两当县大店沟金矿床位于北秦岭西段,矿体呈似层状、脉状、透镜状等产出;主要赋存于丹凤群木其滩组第三岩性段绢云绿泥石英片岩中;望天沟-利桥复背斜及舒家坝-太阳寺大断裂控制了金矿的定位,元家坪-小寺沟韧性剪切带及次级韧性剪切挤压带控制了金矿化体的空间展布及形态。矿石类型可分为黄铁矿化石英脉型和黄铁矿蚀变岩型2类。矿石结构主要为鳞片变晶结构,构造主要为千枚状构造、条带状构造。金以微粒金产出,主要载金矿物为黄铁矿。通过综合研究表明,加里东运动使地层受到高绿片岩相的温、压作用,造成了金元素的活化及初步富集;印支期活动的热液使金进一步富集,同时为石英脉体串通韧性剪切带的薄弱地带提供了动力,又为后来的金矿化准备了储矿空间。研究表明,该矿床受韧性剪切带及含金地层控制,具多期次金富集成矿成因特点。     

胶东地区星载SAR图象的转换构造研究

胶东地区星载合成孔径雷达图象具有丰富的转换构造信息。ＥＲＳ－１ＳＡＲ和ＪＥＲＳ－１ＳＡＲ的图象纹理以及图象处理分析结果，在胶东地区准确碍定了与转换作用有关的定性构造纹理，为动力学和运动学研究提供了极为重要的直观依据。     

^40Ar／^39Ar geochronological constraints on syn-orogenic strike-slip movement of Tan-Lu fault zone

Two phases of sinistral strike-slip ductile shear belts occur on the eastern margin of the Dabie orogenic belt. A muscovite ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar plateau age of 128 Ma was obtained from mylonite in the later ductile shear zone. Three muscovite samples separated from mylonites of 3 localities in the earlier ductile shear belts yield ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar plateau ages of 192.5±0.7 Ma, 189.7±0.6 Ma and 188.7±0.7 Ma, respectively. They are interpreted as cooling ages of the earlier sinistral strike-slip deformation. It is suggested that left-lateral displacement of the Tan-Lu fault zone started in a late stage of the collision orogeny in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt between the North and South China plates. Therefore, the earlier Tan-Lu fault zone was syn-orogenic strike-slip tectonics. The fault zone was used again for sinistral displacement during tectonic activities of peri-Pacific regime in Early Cretaceous. It is proposed that the fault zone occurred as a transform fault during the orogenic process.     

Coesite eclogite facies metamorphic tectonite: Evidence for ultrahigh pressure deformation

An ultrahigh pressure ductile shear mélange crops out on the beach of Yangkou Bay near Qingdao City. The mélange is composed of weakly deformed blocks in a highly ductilly flow mylonites. Ultrahigh pressure metamorphic (UHPM) tectonite includes strongly deformed eclogite and mylonitized eclogite. Coesite occurs in the tectonite as both interstitial mineral and inclusions in garnet and omphacite, indicating that the deformation took place in the stability field of coesite (800—850℃, >30 GPa) in the upper mantle. Coesite is rounded or short prismatic grains with undulatory extinction, and often fractured, suggesting brittle deformation. Garnet is also characterized by brittle fractures and sometimes necked and slightly elongated. Omphacite is elongated, with long axis preferred orientation. Undulatory extinction, subgrains and dynamically recrystallized grains suggest plastic flow of omphacite. Ultrahigh pressure metamorphic tectonite was probably formed in the ductile shear zone during the early stage of exhumation of the ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks. Its kinematic indicators point to the transport direction of the UHPM slab during the early stage of exhumation.