合成条件对电解锰渣制备沸石过程中沸石种类和性能的影响

采用X线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和阳离子交换容量测试(CEC,cation exchange capacity)等手段,研究由电解锰渣合成沸石过程中反应体系初始硅铝物质的量比、反应温度、反应时间等合成条件对沸石种类及其CEC的影响。研究结果表明:随着初始硅铝物质的量比的增加,合成沸石的纯度和CEC均降低,但随着反应温度和反应时间的增加,合成沸石的纯度和CEC则随之增加。基于沸石产品纯度及CEC,制备沸石材料的优化条件为:反应体系初始硅铝物质的量比1.5,反应温度100℃,反应时间1.5 h,在此条件下制备的沸石材料主要以A型沸石为主,CEC为3.45 mmol/g,产品主要由立方体状晶体组成,结晶度较高,非常适合作为吸附材料使用。     

NaOH(KOH)-SiO_2-CH_2OHCH_2OH体系中全硅方钠石的合成

1985年Bibby和Dale首次报导了在非水体系(乙二醇和正丙醇)中全硅方钠石的合成。最近,Van Erp等报导了在其它非水溶剂中全硅方钠石的合成。但在KOH存在下全硅方钠石的合成未见报导。我们探索了非水体系中全硅方钠石的合成。     

Hβ分子筛一步催化合成乙酸松油酯的研究

以固体酸-Hβ分子筛为催化剂,较系统地研究了由松节油与乙酸一步合成乙酸松油酯的工艺条件.考察了浸渍条件、分子筛的硅铝比、反应温度、反应时间和反应物的配比对反应的影响.结果表明,在反应温度20℃、乙酸和蒎烯配比100∶15、反应时间24 h,以硅铝比60的Hβ分子筛为催化剂,蒎烯的转化率可以达到75.5%,乙酸松油酯的得率为22.8%.     

纳米CeO2催化合成无毒增塑剂柠檬酸三丁酯

以柠檬酸和正丁醇为原料,以纳米CeO2为催化剂催化合成无毒增塑剂柠檬酸三丁酯.探讨了催化剂用量、酸醇物质的量比、反应时间、反应温度对反应结果的影响,对合成的产品进行了红外光谱分析.实验结果表明,纳米CeO2催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯的最佳条件为n(柠檬酸):n(正丁醇)=1:4.5,催化剂用量为柠檬酸质量的2.0%,反应时间为3.5h,反应温度为106-140℃,酯化率可达93.47%,产品纯度＞98.8%.     

三甲基氯硅烷与对苯二酚类的反应研究(英文)

本文报导了三甲基氯硅烷可以作为对苯二酚类羟基的有效保护剂,作者根据Minoru Abe 的合成方法,而提出了在不用溶剂、不用催化剂、不用缚酸剂、采用适当的反应温度和反应时间、和使三甲基氯硅烷过量的情况下合成了1,4—双(三甲基硅氧基)苯(化合物Ⅰ)和2—澳—1,4—双(三甲基硅氧基)苯(化合物Ⅰ).对合成的上述化合物得到了好的产率(化合物Ⅰ的反应温度135—140℃,回流反应时间14小时,产率94.5%.化合物Ⅱ的反应温度150—155℃,回流反应时间18小时,产率80.4%),并首先公布了其色质联谱的测试结果.     

呋喃解草唑的合成研究

呋喃解草唑的化学结构式是3-二氯乙酰基-5-(2-呋喃)-2,2-二甲基嗯唑烷,是一种潜在的二氯乙酰基 烷类除草剂安全剂.本课题分析了以呋喃甲醛和三甲基硅腈为原料,经亲核化合反应、氧化还原反应、环化反应、酰胺化反应共计4步产生出目标化合物,总收率41.9％.分析出反应时间、试剂比例、外界温度、催化剂等因素对反应产生相应影响,对合成工艺进行再加工.实验结果,合成α-三甲基硅氧基-2-呋喃乙腈的最舒适实验室环境是:呋喃甲醛∶三甲基硅腈=1∶1.3(物质的量之比),催化剂用量0.23％,反应温度15～20℃,反应时间6h,收率81.9％;合成α-氨甲基-2-呋喃甲醇的较优工艺条件是:α-三甲基硅氧基-2-呋喃乙腈∶氢化铝锂=1∶1.1(物质的量之比),无水乙醚为溶剂,回流反应1.5 h,二氯甲烷为重结晶溶剂,收率75.8％;合成5-(2-呋喃)-2,2-二甲基唑烷的最舒适实验室环境是:α-氨甲基-2-呋喃甲醇∶丙酮=1∶5(物质的量之比),苯作溶剂,催化剂用量2.6％,反应时间4h,收率90.3％;合成呋喃解草唑的最舒适实验室环境是:5-(2-呋喃)-2,2-二甲基嗯唑烷∶二氯乙酰氯∶氢氧化钠=1∶1.2∶2.4(物质的量之比),0～5℃反应时间12h,乙醇为重结晶溶剂,收率74.8％.     

核壳结构γ-Fe2O3/SiO2纳米复合材料的合成与分析

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,通过TEOS的水解和缩合制备核壳结构γ-Fe2O3/SiO2的纳米复合材料.利用正交试验与单因素实验,研究了γ-Fe2O3、TEOS、氨水的用量、醇水比、反应时间、反应温度和搅拌速率对纳米复合材料合成的影响,并且对合成产品进行TEM、XRD、DSC、FTIR、粒径分析仪等表征分析.结果发现,对纳米复合材料合成效果影响最大的因素是TEOS的用量,最佳工艺方案为γ-Fe2O3用量为0.06 g、TEOS 0.5 mL、氨水2 mL、醇水体积比为5∶1、反应时间为8h、反应温度为30 ℃、搅拌速率为150r/min;以最佳合成方案合成的核壳结构γ-Fe2O3/SiO2与y-Fe2O3相比,平均粒径减少34.1％,颗粒尺寸分布较为均匀,具有较好的分散性.     

稻壳碱溶活化制备P型分子筛

以农业副产物稻壳为硅源、 硫酸铝为铝源, 通过炭化、 碱溶和水热合成工艺, 无需老化过程及添加晶种制备了洗涤助剂P型分子筛, 并考察了硅铝比、 碱度比、 反应时间和反应温度对合成分子筛的影响. 实验结果表明, 分子筛合成的最佳条件为： n(Na₂O) ∶n(SiO₂)=1.43, n(SiO₂) ∶n(Al₂O₃)=4,  n(H₂O) ∶n(Na₂O)=18.3, 在85 ℃反应8 h. 产品的XRD和SEM表征表明, 上述条件下合成的P型分子筛产品具有较高的结晶度, 无杂相且晶粒细小, 其Ca^2+交换容量可达330 mg/g.     

含钛电炉熔分渣制备4A分子筛及其吸附性能

以含钛电炉熔分渣提钛后的水浸液为原料,采用常压回流法和水热法分别合成了4A分子筛.在控制硅铝比(n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)摩尔比)为2的条件下,系统探讨了水钠比(n(H2O)/n(Na2O)摩尔比)、反应时间和温度对合成4A分子筛物相和微观形貌的影响.当控制水钠比为80且反应时间为8 h时,采用常压回流法可以制备出尺寸均一且结晶完全的4A分子筛;而采用水热法在120℃条件下,3 h即可制备得到形状规则的4A分子筛.另外,探讨了水热法不同反应温度条件下制备的分子筛对硫酸铜溶液吸附性能的影响.结果表明:反应温度为120℃条件下合成的4A分子筛对铜离子的吸附效率最高,在150 min时其吸附率可达70%.     

水热法制备不同晶粒尺寸的纳米二氧化钛

以Ti(SO4)2为前驱体,H2SO4或NaOH为pH调节剂,通过水热法合成了不同晶粒尺寸的锐钛矿相纳米TiO2,并研究了反应体系的pH值、反应时间和Ti(SO4)2浓度对TiO2晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明,纳米TiO2的晶粒尺寸与反应时间近似成对数关系,Ti(SO4)2浓度与反应体系的pH值对纳米TiO2晶粒尺寸的影响有近似线性叠加关系。通过对pH值、反应温度和Ti(SO4)2浓度的调节,可实现纳米TiO2的可控合成。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that