脉冲光声量热法研究氧合血红蛋白的光解反应

时间分辨脉冲光声量热法是利用脉冲激光激发化学物质的光解反应,反应中产生的热能将激发声波,声波的振幅和相位即反映光解反应的中间过程.因此时间分辨光声量热技术是研究光致解离动力学信息的十分有效的方法.利用时间分辨光声量热法测量了激光诱导人、牛,猪、马和兔的氧合血红蛋白光解反应的焓变和结构体积变化.实验中采用波长532 nm、脉冲宽度8 ns的脉冲激光作为激发光源,光声信号由共振频率为1.5 MHz的PZT压电换能器接收,所以实验系统的响应时间范围在102 ns量级.已知在氧合血红蛋白的光解反应中可以检测到4个过程具有4种不同的反应时间,其中三级结构重组在137～470 ns左右.考虑实验系统的时间窗口,所测结果应与血红蛋白的三级结构变化相对应.测量结果显示:不同种类的哺乳动物氧合血红蛋白光解反应中,对应三级结构变化的焓变和结构体积变化各不相同.最后对这一结论进行了讨论.     

含偶氮非线性光学生色团取代炔的合成及光限幅性能研究

合成一种新的偶氮苯非线性光学生色团取代乙炔,用红外光谱,元素分析,核磁共振对其进行了表征,利用波长1064nm脉冲宽度40ps的激光,对该化合物光学性能进行研究,结果显示该化合物的THF溶液对40ps的1064nm脉冲激光呈现出较好的光限幅性能,其限幅阈值为235.9GW cm2。     

InP材料UV激光直接刻蚀研究

利用UV激光的光解剥离(APD)效应,对半导体材料InP进行了直接刻蚀研究,获得了良好的结果。采用波长为308nm,光脉冲宽度20ns的XeCl)准分子激光器,APD刻蚀的光能量密度阈值为390mJ/cm~2;与理论结果相比较,两者具有良好的一致性。同时给出了刻蚀深度与脉冲速率及脉冲时间的实验曲线。     

激光波长对光声成像深度影响研究

基于组织纯吸收理想模型,研究了组织吸收对穿透光强的影响,得出激光在组织中特定穿透深度时光强与吸收系数的关系曲线,结合各种波长激光在血红蛋白中的吸收系数,提出了激光在血红蛋白中的有效穿透深度分别为d≤1 cm,1 cm相似文献   

激光诱导炽光技术测试过程的数值模拟

建立了激光诱导炽光技术测试过程的数学模型,对激光加热过程中碳烟粒子的粒径和温度的变化进行计算,并基于模型重点考察了入射激光波长、入射激光能量密度及初始粒径对碳烟粒子加热过程的影响.结果表明,入射激光波长选择532 nm是比较好的选择,激光能量密度对激光诱导炽光技术的测试过程的影响很大,可以利用温度衰减速率推断碳烟粒子的初始粒径;该数学模型的建立及数值模拟表明运用激光诱导炽光技术可以推断碳烟初始粒径.     

2-磺酸钠蒽醌水溶液新颖瞬态产物时间分辨研究

采用纳秒级激光光解动态吸收光谱装置研究了 2 磺酸钠蒽醌 (AQS)水溶液激光光解行为 ,证实了 310nm的瞬态吸收为 2 磺酸钠蒽醌三重态与水反应生成的新颖加成自由基的特征吸收峰 ,以脉冲辐解方法进行了进一步的确证 ,探讨了该瞬态产物产生的过程及反应的机理 .     

利用两台独立激光器的拍频方法监测激光频率的锁定

采用两束独立激光拍频的方法,利用中心波长为780 nm的TOPTICA半导体激光器作为参考光对另一台中心波长为780 nm的MOGLABS半导体激光器锁定频率的稳定性进行监测.为了获得最优的拍频信号,对拍频条件进行了观测,分析了待测激光的光强、待测激光束与参考激光束的夹角及其偏振方向夹角对拍频信号的影响.在拍频信号最优的情况下,得到拍频信号的漂移量为1.804 MHz,可以认为待测激光的锁定频率是比较稳定的.拍频的方法为激光频率的锁定提供了一种有效的监测手段.     

温敏型碳点的新法合成

用柠檬酸和聚乙二醇200为原料,通过微波法制成了碳点溶液,利用IR、XRD、UV、TEM、激光动态光散射和荧光分光光度计进行了表征.实验结果表明,该法制备的碳点近似球形,粒径约为5nm,分散均匀,无团聚现象,在363nm的最佳激发波长处,发射波长为418nm.随着所制得的碳点溶液温度的升高,发射峰位置不发生移动,而荧光强度呈十分显著的下降趋势,并且温度与荧光强度呈较好的线性关系,R2=0.9895.这种对温度敏感的碳点,有望用于温敏碳点荧光材料显示与测量表面温度的装置中.     

C60氮丙啶衍生物的表征及其光限幅效应

研究了叠氮乙酰胺与C60反应,其反应机理为经过一个三唑啉中间体结构形成最终产物;分析表征了C60氮乙酰胺,通过量化计算确定了氮丙啶闭环结构为热力学稳定结构;应用倍频Nd:YAG脉冲激光测试了它的光限幅性能,确定其光限幅机制为反饱和吸收,长波长(707 nm)激光的限幅效果要优于C60,表明C60衍生物是一种非常有希望的激光限幅材料.     

紫外波长光成丝在大气中传输时的激光脉冲宽度研究

文章用数值模拟方法研究了脉冲宽度对紫外激光丝在大气中传输的影响.248 nm波长的紫外激光在空气中能够形成光丝的脉冲宽度达到4 ns,比红外波长激光的脉冲宽度高3个数量级.在大气中可以利用长达几个纳秒的紫外脉冲激光在1 TW/cm2的功率下实现长距离的激光丝传输.在适当的长脉冲宽度情况下,可以用不含时间的稳态麦克斯韦波动方程来研究激光丝传输,研究了脉冲宽度的范围.模拟计算选取3种波长,比较了激光丝在氮气中传输的情况,说明了这些激光脉宽依赖于光束的功率.     

Fluorescence spectra and enzymatic property of hemoglobin as mimetic peroxidase

0　IntroductionHemoglobin(Hb)isthemajorhemeproteinofredbloodcells(RBCs)andisresponsibleforthetransportofoxygentothetissues.ThefunctionofHbdependsupontheabilityoffer rousironinthehemegrouptobindandreleaseoxygen .Despiteitsprincipalroleasanoxygen carrier,theHbmoleculepossessesdifferentenzymaticactivities[1 ] andamethodwasdevelopedforthedeterminationofHbbasedonitsenzymaticactivityfortheox idationofo phenylenediamine (OPDA)withH2 O2 asanoxi dant[2 ] .Hbasamimeticenzymeofperoxidase ,cancataly…     

汕头地区正常人血中超氧化物歧化酶活性水平调查报告

超氧化物歧化酶(EC1·15·1·1 Superoxide dismutase 简称 SOD).是人体内超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-)的清除剂.业已发现人体内 SOD 活性水平与肿瘤、老年病、免疫性疾病间存在明显的相关性.本项研究采用彩色免疫板方法对汕头地区正常人319例血中铜,锌—超氧化物歧化酶(Cu、Zn-SOD)的活力水平进行了测定.总平均值为444.20μg/gHb.若按年龄分组,则20岁以下平均值为631.96±154.27μg/gHb20～平均值为548.94±154.54μg/gHb;30～平均值453.28±150.52μg/gHb;40～平均值446.36±112.95μg/gHb;50～平均值392.72±150.47μg/gHb;60岁以上平均值274.74±93.35μg/gHb.     

Crystallographic analysis of mutant human haemoglobins made in Escherichia coli

The expression of beta-globin in Escherichia coli has enabled us to study the functional role of individual amino-acid residues in haemoglobin (Hb) by site-directed mutagenesis. In contrast to mammalian Hbs, some teleost fish haemoglobins show a drastic lowering of oxygen affinity and cooperativity at low pH, a phenomenon known as the Root effect. We have produced the two mutant haemoglobins Hb Nymphéas [Cys(F9)93 beta----Ser] and Hb Daphne [His(H21)143 beta----Arg, Cys(F9)93 beta----Ser] to investigate this allosteric property. Although these substitutions were thought to be responsible for the Root effect, Hb Nymphéas and Hb Daphne show an increased oxygen affinity and a reduced effect of pH on oxygen affinity. Our X-ray crystallographic studies show that the hydroxyl group of Ser 93 beta forms a hydrogen bond with Asp 94 beta which is in equilibrium with the salt bridge between Asp 94 beta and His 146 beta. The oxygen-binding properties of Hbs Nymphéas and Daphne are accounted for by the partial disruption of the salt bridge.     

Light-cone-like spreading of correlations in a quantum many-body system

In relativistic quantum field theory, information propagation is bounded by the speed of light. No such limit exists in the non-relativistic case, although in real physical systems, short-range interactions may be expected to restrict the propagation of information to finite velocities. The question of how fast correlations can spread in quantum many-body systems has been long studied. The existence of a maximal velocity, known as the Lieb-Robinson bound, has been shown theoretically to exist in several interacting many-body systems (for example, spins on a lattice)--such systems can be regarded as exhibiting an effective light cone that bounds the propagation speed of correlations. The existence of such a 'speed of light' has profound implications for condensed matter physics and quantum information, but has not been observed experimentally. Here we report the time-resolved detection of propagating correlations in an interacting quantum many-body system. By quenching a one-dimensional quantum gas in an optical lattice, we reveal how quasiparticle pairs transport correlations with a finite velocity across the system, resulting in an effective light cone for the quantum dynamics. Our results open perspectives for understanding the relaxation of closed quantum systems far from equilibrium, and for engineering the efficient quantum channels necessary for fast quantum computations.     

Experimental demonstration of a BDCZ quantum repeater node

Quantum communication is a method that offers efficient and secure ways for the exchange of information in a network. Large-scale quantum communication (of the order of 100 km) has been achieved; however, serious problems occur beyond this distance scale, mainly due to inevitable photon loss in the transmission channel. Quantum communication eventually fails when the probability of a dark count in the photon detectors becomes comparable to the probability that a photon is correctly detected. To overcome this problem, Briegel, Dür, Cirac and Zoller (BDCZ) introduced the concept of quantum repeaters, combining entanglement swapping and quantum memory to efficiently extend the achievable distances. Although entanglement swapping has been experimentally demonstrated, the implementation of BDCZ quantum repeaters has proved challenging owing to the difficulty of integrating a quantum memory. Here we realize entanglement swapping with storage and retrieval of light, a building block of the BDCZ quantum repeater. We follow a scheme that incorporates the strategy of BDCZ with atomic quantum memories. Two atomic ensembles, each originally entangled with a single emitted photon, are projected into an entangled state by performing a joint Bell state measurement on the two single photons after they have passed through a 300-m fibre-based communication channel. The entanglement is stored in the atomic ensembles and later verified by converting the atomic excitations into photons. Our method is intrinsically phase insensitive and establishes the essential element needed to realize quantum repeaters with stationary atomic qubits as quantum memories and flying photonic qubits as quantum messengers.     

Experimental test of quantum nonlocality in three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement

Bell's theorem states that certain statistical correlations predicted by quantum physics for measurements on two-particle systems cannot be understood within a realistic picture based on local properties of each individual particle-even if the two particles are separated by large distances. Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen first recognized the fundamental significance of these quantum correlations (termed 'entanglement' by Schrodinger) and the two-particle quantum predictions have found ever-increasing experimental support. A more striking conflict between quantum mechanical and local realistic predictions (for perfect correlations) has been discovered; but experimental verification has been difficult, as it requires entanglement between at least three particles. Here we report experimental confirmation of this conflict, using our recently developed method to observe three-photon entanglement, or 'Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger' (GHZ) states. The results of three specific experiments, involving measurements of polarization correlations between three photons, lead to predictions for a fourth experiment; quantum physical predictions are mutually contradictory with expectations based on local realism. We find the results of the fourth experiment to be in agreement with the quantum prediction and in striking conflict with local realism.     

GDM对球类系男生Hb、WBC数及大强度训练后upr的影响

本研究以上海体院球类系６０名男生作为实验对象，将他们随机分为实验组和对照组，两组各３０人．实验组饮用ＧＤＭ饮料，对照组饮用安慰剂．分别测定服用前后Ｈｂ，ＷＢＣ数，并在服用前后进行相同大强度训练后测定尿蛋白含量．结果表明：试验组服用ＧＤＭ四周后Ｈｂ明显升高，ＷＢＣ数量有所提高，而且等大强度运动后尿蛋白净值明显下降；而服用安慰剂组，四周后Ｈｂ及ＷＢＣ数无显著性差异．说明ＧＤＭ有助于球类系男生运动能力的提高，同时能够增强机体免疫能力和抗疲劳抗负荷能力．     

通信密码学前瞻:量子密码技术

安全性是密码学研究一直追求的目标,最近取得飞速发展的量子加密技术综合了量力学原理和经典密码术,具有可证明的安全性,同时还能对窃听者的非法侵入进行检测,克服了传统密友学的桎梏,为未来的网络通信提供了真正确实的保障。     

Linear and nonlinear optical spectroscopy of a strongly coupled microdisk-quantum dot system

Cavity quantum electrodynamics, the study of coherent quantum interactions between the electromagnetic field and matter inside a resonator, has received attention as both a test bed for ideas in quantum mechanics and a building block for applications in the field of quantum information processing. The canonical experimental system studied in the optical domain is a single alkali atom coupled to a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. Progress made in this system has recently been complemented by research involving trapped ions, chip-based microtoroid cavities, integrated microcavity-atom-chips, nanocrystalline quantum dots coupled to microsphere cavities, and semiconductor quantum dots embedded in micropillars, photonic crystals and microdisks. The last system has been of particular interest owing to its relative simplicity and scalability. Here we use a fibre taper waveguide to perform direct optical spectroscopy of a system consisting of a quantum dot embedded in a microdisk. In contrast to earlier work with semiconductor systems, which has focused on photoluminescence measurements, we excite the system through the photonic (light) channel rather than the excitonic (matter) channel. Strong coupling, the regime of coherent quantum interactions, is demonstrated through observation of vacuum Rabi splitting in the transmitted and reflected signals from the cavity. The fibre coupling method also allows us to examine the system's steady-state nonlinear properties, where we see a saturation of the cavity-quantum dot response for less than one intracavity photon. The excitation of the cavity-quantum dot system through a fibre optic waveguide is central to applications such as high-efficiency single photon sources, and to more fundamental studies of the quantum character of the system.     

Immobilization of hemoglobin on platinum nanoparticles-modified glassy carbon electrode for H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> sensing

This work described an amperometric hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) biosensor based on immobilization of hemoglobin (Hb) on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified by platinum nanoparticles, which was prepared by an in situ chemical reductive growth method. The electrochemical impedance measurements confirmed that the Hb was immobilized on the platinum nanoparticles-modified glassy carbon surface and has a synergistic effect with platinum nanoparti-cles in improving the catalytic reduction of H2O2. The Hb immobili...