奥氏体不锈钢离子渗N组织及性能

采用辉光离子渗N技术对奥氏体不锈钢球阀进行表面氮化处理,改变其表面结构,提高表面耐磨性.选取三组离子渗N的温度,分别为400、440、480 ℃,渗N时间设置为12 h.采用扫描电镜、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、维氏显微硬度计和材料表面综合测试仪对渗N改性层的表面形貌、截面形貌、显微硬度和耐磨性进行测试.结果表明:离子渗N技术可以大幅提高奥氏体不锈钢的硬度和耐磨性.渗N温度为400 ℃时,渗N改性层最薄,耐磨性最差,480 ℃时渗N改性层最厚、耐磨性最好.     

氮含量和环境温度对316L不锈钢耐腐蚀性的影响

研究低温条件下腐蚀溶液温度以及钢中氮含量对316L奥氏体不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响,在1 mol/L H2SO4+0.5 mol/L NaCl的腐蚀液中,对氮含量为0.009 5%～0.557 5%的316L奥氏体不锈钢进行阳极极化曲线及电化学阻抗测量.结果表明,提高氮含量,316L奥氏体不锈钢耐蚀性增强;腐蚀液温度升高,316L奥氏体不锈钢耐蚀性减弱.     

医用钛合金的研究现状及发展

医用金属材料又称外科植入金属材料,是最早进行临床应用的生物医用材料,目前在临床中的应用仍最为广泛.医用金属材料主要用作对骨骼、关节、牙齿以及血管等修复的材料使用.临床使用最早的金属材料是有一定抗腐蚀性的不锈钢,主要使用316L奥氏体不锈钢.     

反向凝固1Cr18Ni915F复合铸带微观组织特征和界面剪切强度

采用反向凝固法在实验室条件下研究奥氏体不锈钢复合带制取的工艺过程,通过对 复合铸带试样的金相和扫描电镜研究,发现了复合铸带由具有不同微观组织特征的３个区域 组成,即碳素钢母带区、不锈钢新相层和界面过渡区．复合铸带界面剪切强度试验的结果表明, 反向凝固奥氏体不锈钢复合铸带的界面结合性能完全达到国标的要求．     

氮对奥氏体不锈钢在高温水中应力腐蚀的影响

本试验采用了EPR电化学方法及金相分析法,研究了不同含氮量的奥氏体不锈钢抗晶间腐蚀的性能;采用了缓慢应变速率试验方法,研究了其抗应力腐蚀性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜及透射电子显微镜,进行了断口形貌及位错结构分析,系统地了解了氮在304奥氏体不锈钢中具有阻滞敏化而提高抗应力腐蚀的性能及在高温水中缓蚀应力腐蚀的作用。试验证明,当含氮量为0.16％时,奥氏体不锈钢具有最佳的抗应力腐蚀、抗晶间腐蚀及强度、塑性等综合性能。     

Cr32Ni7Mo3N特级双相不锈钢的空蚀行为

利用磁致伸缩空蚀试验机对Cr32Ni7Mo3N特级双相不锈钢在蒸馏水和人工海水中进行了空蚀实验,并采用扫描电镜跟踪观察了经不同时间段空蚀后试样的形貌.通过测量失重绘制了材料的累积失重量和失重率曲线.经电化学工作站测量了材料在静态与空蚀条件下的极化曲线和腐蚀电位变化.对比分析了Cr32Ni7Mo3N与SAF2205双相不锈钢在人工海水的抗空蚀能力.结果表明:Cr32Ni7Mo3N特级双相不锈钢空蚀破坏首先在铁素体薄弱区以及铁素体和奥氏体相界发生,并向铁素体内扩展,铁素体发生解离断裂脱落;奥氏体随着空蚀的进行,滑移线增多,显微硬度值增加,且人工海水中奥氏体显微硬度值比在蒸馏水中的高;铁素体大面积破坏后,奥氏体才失稳产生延性断裂脱落,奥氏体的存在延缓了破坏在整个材料表面上的扩展.空蚀与腐蚀交互影响导致材料在人工海水中加速破坏.Cr32Ni7Mo3N特级双相不锈钢在人工海水中的抗空蚀能力优于SAF2205双相不锈钢.     

电沉积铅改性304不锈钢双极板在模拟PEMFC环境中的性能

为提高304不锈钢双极板的耐腐蚀性能,分别采用直流和脉冲电刷镀铅对其表面改性.采用电化学方法测定了改性前后304不锈钢在模拟PEMFC环境下的极化曲线,在扫描电镜 (SEM) 下观察了模拟腐蚀后的表面形貌,并用伏安法测量了改性前后304不锈钢的接触电阻.在模拟PEMFC环境中,改性后304不锈钢自腐蚀电流密度由10.83μA/cm2下降至6.18μA/cm2.经200h模拟腐蚀后,304不锈钢表面发生点蚀,而改性不锈钢板表面完整,未观察到明显腐蚀.改性后的接触电阻也有所降低.结果表明,电沉积铅能有效提高304不锈钢在模拟PEMFC环境中的耐腐蚀性能,可望满足PEMFC环境下长期耐腐蚀的要求.     

00Cr25Ni2Mo3Mn10N高氮超级双相不锈钢的组织和性能

一种新型的资源节约型高氮超级双相不锈钢00Cr25Ni2Mo3Mn10N开发出来,氮质量分数达到0.5％.研究表明,经热锻和1 050 ℃固溶处理后,基体组织由铁素体和奥氏体组成,铁素体质量分数约为47％,氮质量分数的增加能明显提高材料的机械性能和腐蚀性能.通过对比研究表明,00Cr25Ni2Mo3Mn10N的综合性能相当于或优于00Cr25Ni7Mo4N 超级双相不锈钢.     

316奥氏体不锈钢渗N/镀CrN复合改性层组织与性能

分别在400、440、480 ℃下对316奥氏体不锈钢进行12 h的渗氮处理,再对渗氮后的试样进行物理气相沉积(PVD)镀CrN薄膜.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、维氏显微硬度计和材料表面综合测试仪(HSR-2M)、电化学工作站等对复合改性层的表面形貌、截面形貌、成分、显微硬度、耐磨性以及耐蚀性进行测试.结果表明:400 ℃离子渗N/镀CrN试样耐磨性最差,耐蚀性最好;而480 ℃离子渗N/镀CrN试样耐磨性最好,耐蚀性最差;但比相同温度下单独渗氮试样的综合性能好.     

一种奥氏体不锈钢的空泡腐蚀行为

采用一种新型的奥氏体不锈钢作为耐空泡腐蚀涂层,先表面堆焊,然后进行TIG（钨极惰性气体保护焊）表面重熔改性加工．根据ASTM G32／92标准,空泡腐蚀由超声波振动设备完成．利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜（SEM）对试样的空泡腐蚀行为进行了跟踪观察,并对试样的空泡腐蚀率进行了测定．结果表明：在空泡腐蚀过程中,先后发生了相变和马氏体片层的扭曲断裂．空泡冲击能诱发奥氏体到马氏体的相变,并被其吸收;当相变达到饱和点时,马氏体片层开始吸收冲击能,同时逐渐发生扭曲和断裂,最终马氏体片层断裂产生的碎片大量剥落,该材料的空泡腐蚀潜伏期结束．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with