混凝土细观数值试验的随机损伤本构模型

混凝土在细观尺度下是由粗骨料、砂浆和界面过渡区(ITZ)组成的三相复合材料。目前考虑细观尺度上这三相之间力学性能的不同,已经进行了大量的细观数值试验研究。然而混凝土为典型的多尺度材料,在细观尺度下混凝土各相自身也是非均质的。鉴于此,提出了细观尺度下代表性体积单元(RVE)的随机损伤本构模型,并编制了相应的有限元程序。利用编制的程序,进行了随机骨料模型单轴拉伸和压缩数值试验;并进行了双骨料试件单轴拉伸数值试验。结果表明,该模型虽然结构简单,但能较好地反映混凝土的主要宏观力学行为和细观损伤的产生和演化发展。最后,通过参数敏感性分析,阐明了不同模型参数对混凝土宏观力学特性的影响。该模型可为混凝土细观数值试验研究提供支撑。     

纤维混凝土的力学模型分析

由短纤维石子砂子水和水泥等物质复合而成的纤维混凝土材料,其宏观机械性能是诸多细观要素的综合作用结果.根据纤维混凝土宏观拉伸压缩力学性能表现,着重考虑纤维的作用,通过一系列力学模型,对短纤维混凝土增强增韧或降低强度的机理进行了细观研究分析.     

基于随机开裂理论的钢筋混凝土粘结损伤拉伸弹性性能

为了研究钢筋混凝土构件在界面脱粘后导致的宏观力学性能的变化,考虑混凝土随机开裂和界面脱粘两种损伤机制,建立了钢筋混凝土单胞的拉伸损伤分析模型,基于单胞模型的拉伸损伤分析给出了界面粘结强度、界面脱粘长度、平均裂缝间距与模型等效拉伸弹性模量的函数关系。基于模型分析把钢筋混凝土的损伤过程分成3个阶段,推导得到各个损伤阶段的等效弹性模量,并分析单胞分析模型中钢筋体积分数和混凝土体积分数,混凝土轴心抗拉强度标准值和弹性模量,Weibull分布参数m对等效弹性模量的影响。分析表明:等效弹性模量的变化趋势与实际钢筋混凝土损伤状态相符,可为钢筋混凝土构件的宏观力学性能劣化与细观损伤形态之间的双尺度理论分析提供依据。     

混凝土力学行为的降阶多尺度模拟研究

为了研究混凝土的降阶多尺度方法动态力学特性,模拟随机形状和大小的凸多面体骨料,并考虑了骨料的随机结构和位置,建立了混凝土三维细观仿真模型,通过单轴静态压缩仿真对模型进行了验证.根据细观尺度下混凝土的实际结构,对动态SHPB冲击载荷作用下的混凝土进行仿真模拟,得到了不同入射速度下的实验数据.结果表明,仿真结果与实验结果吻合较好,多尺度方法可以将细观尺度特征和宏观尺度动态力学行为联系在一起,验证了多尺度方法的有效性,在混凝土各相力学性能方面,降阶均匀化方法相比细观尺度模型提高了计算效率.     

单向短纤维增强复合材料纵向弹性模量预测

建立含单纤维和基体的双圆柱复合材料细观力学模型,采用基体剪应力的Lame形式推导得到纤维轴向应力计算方程和纤维长度影响因子λ的表达式。依据纤维长度影响因子和混合定律得到了单向短纤维增强复合材料纵向弹性模量的计算公式,探讨纤维长径比和体积分数等细观结构参数对材料纵向弹性模量的影响。将计算公式得到的材料纵向弹性模量与Halpin-Tsai和Darlnigton方程得到的结果与实验值进行了对比。结果表明,计算公式预测值更接近于实验值。     

刚性弹侵彻混凝土靶细观尺度模型的建立

与宏观尺度模型相比,混凝土细观尺度模型能够更加全面准确地描述混凝土的力学行为。编写了三维随机球形粗骨料的生成和投放程序,并采用一种基于背景网格的材料识别技术完成了水泥砂浆、粗骨料、界面过渡区三种网格的生成,建立了三维三相混凝土细观有限元模型。基于这一模型,运用连续有限元软件对刚性弹侵彻混凝土过程进行了仿真模拟。结果表明,与宏观模型相比混凝土细观模型能够更加真实地反映侵彻过程中混凝土的力学行为。     

三级配混凝土单轴破坏的细观数值模拟

将混凝土看成是由骨料、界面和砂浆组成的非均质复合材料,采用非线性有限元软件Marc对东江拱坝三级配混凝土试件单轴受拉、单轴受压破坏的全过程进行数值模拟．按照试件的实际配比计算出各种粒径骨料的数目,采用蒙特卡罗法对混凝土骨料进行随机投放,生成试件的随机骨料模型．研究中,单轴受拉时采用最大拉应力准则,并考虑了材料的软化;单轴受压时采用线性莫尔-库伦准则．结果表明,混凝土的力学性能与其内部的细观结构组成密切相关,材料的宏观破坏是细观结构破坏累积的结果,无论是受拉时的开裂还是受压时的屈服,几乎都首先发生在界面上．     

基于率相关内聚力本构模型的混凝土细观单轴受拉性能

混凝土宏观率相关效应研究已经取得了十分丰富的成果,其细观结构和材料参数显著影响混凝土宏观力学性能,因此,从细观尺度研究混凝土动态性能是揭示混凝土宏观率相关效应的重要途径.本文引入应变率影响,修正界面内聚力本构模型,从细观尺度研究了不同骨料含量和骨料形状的混凝土在不同加载速率下的单轴抗拉破坏模式和力学特性.分析结果表明：随着加载速率增加,混凝土破坏裂缝分布更加均匀;混凝土抗拉强度的增量与应变率的对数呈线性关系;混凝土抗拉强度随骨料含量增加近似线性减小,但骨料形状对其影响很小.     

基于三维微-细观尺度模型的混凝土力学性能研究

依据水泥种类、水灰比、配合比和骨料级配等信息，在微观尺度上引入CEMHYD3D水化模型重构了水泥浆模型、在细观尺度上发展硬核/软壳模型构建了混凝土模型；研究基于Rankine准则和损伤模型的适用于混凝土微-细观模型的数值均匀化方法，从而提出混凝土力学性能递进分析和预测方法。算例分析表明，提出的方法能够较好地分析和预测混凝土的宏观力学性能；通过老化病害过程微观尺度的模拟，可实现混凝土老化病害机理分析。     

基于细观模型的超高性能钢纤维混凝土SHPB试验数值模拟

超高性能钢纤维混凝土是一种极具创新性的水泥基复合材料,具有优异的力学性能,在结构抵抗极端荷载方面潜力突出.为研究超高性能钢纤维混凝土动态力学性能,利用LS_DYNA软件建立了由砂浆和钢纤维组成的细观数值模型.首先,通过静态压缩和劈裂试验对细观模型进行了验证.其次,对霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验进行了数值模拟,并在细观尺度上解释了应力-应变历程,研究了钢纤维含量对超高性能钢纤维混凝土动态性能的影响.研究结果表明,该模型能够很好地预测超高性能钢纤维混凝土的静态和动态性能;当钢纤维在合理范围内(0%–2.5%)时,超高性能钢纤维混凝土动态强度随着钢纤维体积率的增加而显著增大;然而,超高性能钢纤维混凝土动态增强因子低于传统混凝土材料.同时,定量分析了钢纤维增强效果,并在试验和数值模拟的基础上推导了超高性能钢纤维混凝土的动态本构关系.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.