二氧化钒太赫兹辐照温度自限制效应研究

温度自限制效应能够使物体在辐照光强变化的条件下,仍能保持稳定的温度.本文提出一种能够在太赫兹辐照下保持温度自限制效应的微粒设计.这一设想利用二氧化钒(VO2)在相变温度附近能够发生剧烈的光学性质变化,从而使微粒的温度产生自适应调节,最终在较宽的太赫兹辐照光强范围内,使粒子温度维持在相变温度附近.为了验证这一设计,我们利用米氏理论对VO2微粒的光热效应进行了理论分析.计算结果表明,改变粒子尺寸可以有效地调节VO2的太赫兹吸收特性.在合适的粒子尺寸下,相变后VO2粒子对太赫兹的吸收可以迅速降低,有助于粒子温度在很宽的辐照强度范围内维持在相变温度附近,不随辐照强度的增加而显著上升.这些结果为实现具有太赫兹辐照温度自限制效应的器件和应用提供了可能.     

Q1030焊接高强钢的奥氏体晶粒异常长大机理

研究了Q1030钢在不同加热温度下的奥氏体晶粒长大现象.在一定温度范围内加热时,Q1030钢的部分奥氏体晶粒异常长大而出现混晶现象.分析了位于不同位置的析出相粒子对阻碍奥氏体晶粒长大的作用,用热力学方法计算不同加热温度下析出相粒子的大小和体积分数,并得出了析出相粒子钉扎阻力随加热温度的变化关系.结果表明,在一定温度范围内钉扎阻力迅速减小,导致部分晶粒异常长大,产生混晶现象.     

核壳粒子复合材料电磁波吸收层的吸波特征数值模拟

基于电磁波吸收和反射的基本理论,在探讨核壳粒子复合材料的等效电磁参数的基础上,针对核壳粒子复合材料的电磁波吸收层的吸波特征及其厚度的优化设计展开研究.分别探讨了由核壳粒子复合材料组成的单层和双层电磁波吸收层的吸波特征,给出不同入射角下功率反射系数与电磁波波长以及吸收层厚度之间的关系,确定其最佳电磁波吸收厚度.通过比较可以得出在同等条件下,含核壳粒子吸收层的吸收性能明显优于传统的常规材料吸收层.     

银纳米粒子/玻璃复合材料的离子交换和溶剂热法制备及其光学性质的研究

利用离子交换技术结合溶剂热还原法在玻璃中及其表面生长Ag纳米颗粒制备了银纳米粒子-玻璃复合材料.通过扫描电镜、紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱对样品的形貌和光学性质进行了表征,并研究了离子交换及还原条件对复合材料性能的影响.结果表明:随交换温度、还原时间或还原温度的增大,银纳米粒子-玻璃复合材料的吸收峰均蓝移;而随交换时间的延长,吸收峰先是红移再发生少量蓝移.在波长为400 nm的激发光下,银纳米粒子-玻璃复合材料在530 nm附近具有一个较宽的发射带,且其发光强度随交换时间、还原时间或还原温度的增大逐渐降低.     

银纳米粒子/玻璃复合材料的离子交换和溶剂热法制备及其光学性质的研究（英文）

利用离子交换技术结合溶剂热还原法在玻璃中及其表面生长Ag纳米颗粒制备了银纳米粒子-玻璃复合材料.通过扫描电镜、紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱对样品的形貌和光学性质进行了表征,并研究了离子交换及还原条件对复合材料性能的影响.结果表明:随交换温度、还原时间或还原温度的增大,银纳米粒子-玻璃复合材料的吸收峰均蓝移;而随交换时间的延长,吸收峰先是红移再发生少量蓝移.在波长为400 nm的激发光下,银纳米粒子-玻璃复合材料在530 nm附近具有一个较宽的发射带,且其发光强度随交换时间、还原时间或还原温度的增大逐渐降低.     

稠油热采井下脱硫实验研究

在SAGD开采稠油发生水热分解反应产生并排放H2S(g)。找到一种收集H2S(g)并将其转化成无害物质的方法显得尤为重要。研究不同的金属氧化物、氢氧化物粒子对气体硫化氢吸收的能力。研究结果表明H2S(g)的吸收比例和能力随着碱式金属氢氧化物浓度增加而增加。另一方面,尽管搅拌可以提高吸收效果,但对吸收能力没有显著的影响。此外,井下制备FeOOH胶体粒子比α-Fe2O3胶体粒子能更有效地与H2S(g)反应。由于当温度增加时FeOOH的结构发生变化,FeOOH对导致H2S(g)吸收效果降低。于是,在SAGD条件下井下制备的ZnO胶体粒子可以在高温下更有效的去除H2S(g)。     

析出粒子对钛微合金化高强钢奥氏体晶粒长大的影响

通过析出粒子与奥氏体晶粒尺寸的定量关系,建立奥氏体晶粒长大模型,计算TiN和TiC析出粒子共同作用下钛微合金化钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸. 根据析出相质点理论计算结果表明:随着加热温度的升高,析出粒子体积分数逐渐减少,粒子半径逐渐增大,TiC粒子强烈阻止奥氏体晶粒长大,TiN粒子对奥氏体晶粒长大钉扎效果一般. 采用实验测试手段测量不同加热温度下保温30 min后实验钢的奥氏体晶粒尺寸,与理论计算结果吻合较好.     

pH法用于乙醇胺吸收二氧化碳的研究

从理论上推导出乙醇胺(MEA)水溶液在吸收CO2过程中浓度与pH值的关系方程式.采用pH值法,测定了不同条件(温度和浓度)下乙醇胺溶液吸收CO2过程中pH值变化.讨论了不同温度和浓度下乙醇胺消耗量与时间的关系,比较了不同条件下的吸收速率,并求出了MEA与CO2的反应级数、速率常数和活化能.     

初始温度对O2等离子体形成过程的影响

在O2等离子体物理化学模型的基础上,对不同初始温度下O2等离子体中的主要粒子的形成过程进行了数值模拟,跟踪各种主要成分粒子浓度随时间的变化,得到了初始温度对等离子体主要带电粒子和中性粒子浓度的影响规律.计算结果表明:随着初始温度的升高,O2等离子体中各种主要成分粒子浓度的变化规律相似,粒子浓度变化趋势受初始温度影响不明显.e、O、O2、O+随时间增长浓度变化比较大,O-、O2-、O2+、O*、O2*等随时间增长浓度变化相对较小,但最终都达到一定的平衡状态.     

化妆品塑料包装中16种增塑剂的迁移规律

将超声辅助-分散液液微萃取(UA-DLLME)与气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)相结合,建立了化妆品和化妆品模拟液中痕量增塑剂的检测方法.优化了前处理条件,并系统研究了模拟液种类、温度、时间对16种增塑剂迁移行为的影响.结果表明,化妆品属性对增塑剂的迁移行为有显著影响,脂溶性化妆品与塑料包装材料间的迁移情况较为严重;迁移量与温度、时间均呈正相关.在最佳萃取和检测条件下,该方法对16种增塑剂具有较高的富集倍数(88~106),在10~400 μg/L内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R²为0.998 3~0.999 8,在3个加标质量浓度水平下的平均回收率为70.66%~99.65%,相对标准偏差为4.48%~14.56%,检出限为0.09~11.66 μg/L.该方法简捷、环保,可满足国际市场对增塑剂日趋严格的检测低限需求,为化妆品包装材料的选择提供实验依据.     

悬浮聚氯乙烯颗粒结构对增塑剂吸收的影响

悬浮聚氯乙烯颗粒结构对增塑剂吸收的影响张素卿（东南大学科技服务中心，南京２１００１８）各种聚合物要达到规定的性能，都有一定的质量指标．对Ｓ－ＰＶＣ树脂而言，颗粒结构占有重要的地位．Ｓ－ＰＶＣ树脂的颗粒结构对树脂的加工性能，甚至使用性能均有重要的影响．...     

单基包覆火药界面粘结强度研究

该文提出了一种改善单基包覆火药界面粘结强度的方法，其工艺过程如下：（１）将单基火药吸收增塑剂进行表面预处理；（２０进行包覆，制备了用增塑剂ＮＧ和ＤＢＰ进行表面预处理的２种单基包覆火药，与直接包覆的单克包覆火药作对比，进行老化和落锤冲击试验，测试其界面粘结强度。     

Production of iron nanoparticles by laser irradiation in a simulation of lunar-like space weathering

'Space weathering' is the term applied to the darkening and reddening of planetary surface materials with time, along with the changes to the depths of absorption bands in their optical spectra. It has been invoked to explain the mismatched spectra of lunar rocks and regolith, and between those of asteroids and meteorites. The formation of nanophase iron particles on regolith grains as a result of micrometeorite impacts or irradiation by the solar wind has been proposed as the main cause of the change in the optical properties. But laboratory simulations have not revealed the presence of these particles, although nano-second-pulse laser irradiation did reproduce the optical changes. Here we report observations by transmission electron microscopy of olivine samples subjected to pulse laser irradiation. We find within the amorphous vapour-deposited rims of olivine grains nanophase iron particles similar to those observed in the rims of space-weathered lunar regolith grains. Reduction by hydrogen atoms implanted by the solar wind is therefore not necessary to form the particles. Moreover, the results support the idea that ordinary chondrites came from S-type asteroids, and thereby provides some constraints on the surface exposure ages of those asteroids.     

Monte Carlo study on abnormal growth of Goss grains in Fe-3%Si steel induced by second-phase particles

The selective abnormal growth of Goss grains in magnetic sheets of Fe-3%Si (grade Hi-B) induced by second-phase particles (AlN and MnS) was studied using a modified Monte Carlo Potts model. The starting microstructures for the simulations were generated from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) orientation imaging maps of recrystallized samples. In the simulation, second-phase particles were assumed to be randomly distributed in the initial microstructures and the Zener drag effect of particles on Goss grain boundaries was assumed to be selectively invalid because of the unique properties of Goss grain boundaries. The simulation results suggest that normal growth of the matrix grains stagnates because of the pinning effect of particles on their boundaries. During the onset of abnormal grain growth, some Goss grains with concave boundaries in the initial microstructure grow fast abnormally and other Goss grains with convex boundaries shrink and eventually disappear.     

鄱阳湖松门山岛砂质沉积颗粒表面特征及环境指示意义

沉积物沉积环境的判别对于沉积物物源的分析、古地理重建、古环境和古气候的恢复均具有重要的意义。通过研究发现鄱阳湖松门山岛沉积颗粒表面具有丰富的特征,主要是:贝壳状断口、V形撞击坑、撞击沟、碟形撞击坑与新月形撞击坑等。利用扫描电镜对鄱阳湖松门山岛的样品进行了研究,发现鄱阳湖松门山岛的水下砂体样品普遍可见贝壳状断口、V形撞击坑与撞击沟等,说明该类样品为水成环境;沙丘样品普遍可见标准的碟形撞击坑与新月形撞击坑等,说明为风成环境;处于水下砂体和沙丘过渡带之间的样品上述现象几乎均存在,说明这些沉积物经过风成和水成两种环境的共同改造。分析水成和风成环境下的石英颗粒的不同特征,对这些特征利用线测法进行统计分析,发现不同环境下石英颗粒的特征不仅可以定性判别,还可以半定量区分:在水成环境下的样品撞击沟所占的比值高,通常大于30%,而在风成环境中的样品碟形坑所占的比值高,通常大于40%。这一发现对该地区的沉积环境分析有指导作用,并且对于该地区沉积微相划分具有一定意义。     

Influence of MnS particles on the behaviors of grain boundary migration in Fe-3%Si alloys

The precipitation behaviors of MnS particles at 900℃ in a hot deformed Fe-3%Si alloy were observed statistically. The ratio of MnS particles on dislocations and in grain boundaries was calculated based on a model concerning the second phase precipitation in supersaturated solid solution. It was indicated that the precipitation of MnS particles on dislocations prevailed. The coarsening process of MnS particles in grain boundaries determined the boundary mobility during the secondary recrystallization. However, the density difference of precipitated MnS particles inside the grains on both sides of a boundary will determine the migration direction of the boundary as well, besides the grain size effect. It was observed that the densities of MnS particles in two neighboring grains were commonly different, and the boundary tended to move towards the area with lower particle density. The factors, e.g. dislocation densities in differently oriented grains will affect the density of precipitated particles, in which the Goss grains with higher particle density could grow more easily.     

不同诱导结构轴向抗撞性分析

研究了圆截面薄壁构件的变形方式和吸能特点,针对其在碰撞过程中力-变形特性曲线的不足,根据预变形理论,对薄壁圆管结构进行了改进,在其上设置圆弧形诱导凹槽、凸槽和凸凹交替诱导槽,并采用有限元软件Ls-dyna验证了改进方案的合理性。     

In situ observation of austenite grain growth behavior in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of Ti-microalloyed steels

The austenite grain growth behavior in a simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone during thermal cycling was investigated via in situ observation. Austenite grains nucleated at ferrite grain boundaries and then grew in different directions through movement of grain boundaries into the ferrite phase. Subsequently, the adjacent austenite grains impinged against each other during the α→γ transformation. After the α→γ transformation, austenite grains coarsened via the coalescence of small grains and via boundary migration between grains. The growth process of austenite grains was a continuous process during heating, isothermal holding, and cooling in simulated thermal cycling. Abundant finely dispersed nanoscale TiN particles in a steel specimen containing 0.012wt% Ti effectively retarded the grain boundary migration, which resulted in refined austenite grains. When the Ti concentration in the steel was increased, the number of TiN particles decreased and their size coarsened. The big particles were not effective in pinning the austenite grain boundary movement and resulted in coarse austenite grains.     

铬铁合金超微粒子的气相制作及对红外紫外光的吸收

采用高真空充入惰性气体,变为低真空蒸发法获得的铬铁合金超微粒子,其粒子线度在10~(-7)～10~(-8)米。它是由几十——上万个原子组成的颗粒,由颗粒组成的粉呈黑色,无金属光泽。经测量发现,在红外一紫外光波段范围内,铬铁合金超微粒子粉吸收特性均很强,吸收率达98%以上。     

聚合物锂离子电池凝胶电解质的研究进展

凝胶聚合物电解质(GPE)因具有良好的力学加工性能、安全性能和较高的室温离子电导率而受到广泛关注。针对国内外通过修饰聚合物基体、优化有机增塑剂、改善锂盐、改善复合离子液体、加入无机粒子的方式对GPE的改性研究进行了相关总结与分析。