Dynamics of phytoplankton and picoplankton over a tidal cycle in a subtropical lagoon

The influences of a tidal cycle on the distribution of autotrophic plankton were investigated in a hyper-eutrophic lagoon designated as a scenic area. Results showed that the highest concentrations of picoplankton and phytoplankton were found in the middle and inner part of the lagoon, irrespective of the tides. The MDS result also revealed that phytoplankton communities, dominated by Ceratium furca, were similar among stations in the inner bay during both flood tides and ebb tides. The time series sampling results at the inlet-outlet channel revealed that almost the same amounts of phytoplankton and picoplankton were carried through the channel during flood and ebb tides, with no trend in nutrient fluctuations except for phosphate which had a net loss from the lagoon. The results showed that tidal cycles do not effectively flush away phytoplankton and picoplankton from the lagoon, and the blooming of phyto- and picoplankton is inevitable should the situation stay the same. Steps are needed to alleviate the eutrophication condition instead of depending on the natural process such as tidal cycle.     

海南黎安港纳潮量及海水交换规律研究

利用NortekAquadopp^TM水流剖面仪对黎安港口门处的潮流情况进行了28h的垂直剖面连续观测,结合潮位历史资料,分析了黎安港的潮汐特征,计算了该港的纳潮量,同时,以盐度作为标准物质,计算了海水半交换周期．结果表明：黎安港潮汐类型属于全日潮型,涨落潮历时基本相等,涨潮平均流速小于落潮平均流速;黎安港的平均纳潮量约为5．65×10^6m^3,海水半交换周期约为20．50d．由于黎安港的海水半交换周期长,泻湖内的生态平衡非常脆弱,因而易受外源和养殖自身的污染．     

北海银滩海岸冲刷及环境污损原因分析

北海银滩位于广西北海市海岸东面，目前出现，海岸冲刷后退，沙滩变陡萎缩，沙滩表层变“黑”，海域水质污染现象，原因是：泻湖口门防波堤拦截了西向沿岸的输沙，挡浪墙破坏了沙坝滩的整体性，挡浪墙伸入潮间带加剧的墙前冲刷，沙滩严重冲刷使滩面变“黑”，生活污水，渔港排污，泻湖内港底质有机污染使海域污染严重，为改良银滩环境，建议拆除部分建在潮间带上的建筑物，如宾馆，商店，挡浪墙，缩短防波堤工程，在潮间带上种植林带，用机械或人工方法进行泻湖底泥清淤，在银滩附近建立污水收集系统。     

云南白显锰矿平台矿段沉积相与成锰环境分析

云南白显锰矿区为一套碳酸盐岩含锰建造，主要岩石类型有灰岩类、白云岩类和锰质告类，矿区的主要告相属碳酸盐局限台地相，分为泻湖、潮坪和蒸发潮坪三个亚相。锰矿层产于局限台地泻湖－潮坪－蒸发坪相序中。低Ｅｈ值和高ｐＨ值是锰质富集的主要地球化学条件。     

朔县矿区太原组沉积体系与煤聚积规律

研究了朔县矿区太原组沉积特征、沉积相和沉积体系,在此基础上分析了太原组下组煤的沉积环境和聚煤规律。研究表明,太原组下部主要为障壁-泻湖-潮坪沉积体系;上部主要为河控浅水三角洲沉积体系。下组煤（即9、10、11号煤层）形成于障壁坪和泻湖坪环境,煤组下部砂体与煤厚具有互为消长的成因关系,即砂岩厚度大的区域不利于成煤。     

平顶山煤田山西组沉积体系与聚煤模式

讨论了河南平顶山煤田山西组的沉积体系和聚煤模式。文中提出山西组下段形成于碎屑障壁海岸环境,山西组上段为三角洲沉积体系的进积部分。已组煤形成于障壁海岸沉积体系的上部,其发育过程明显受到基底沉积环境的控制。已组煤的聚煤作用特征是沉积基底地形高差、压实沉降率与泥炭堆积速率之间的平衡关系随海平面变化而变化。己组煤发育的气候条件可能属热带背景。     

内蒙古乌达地区上古生界不同沉积环境煤系烃源岩分子地球化学特征及意义

内蒙古乌达地区上古生界煤系烃源岩主要在海陆过渡相和陆相沉积环境的控制下沉积而成。精选出五种沉积环境下形成的煤系烃源岩样品,深入研究其分子地球化学特征。研究表明,泛滥平原形成的烃源岩以高氧芴、高姥鲛烷、高C29规则甾烷、高C19三环萜烷和高C24四环萜烷为主要特征;河控三角洲除氧芴含量稍低,具有和泛滥平原沉积环境相似的地化特征;潮坪和泻湖相的烃源岩中伽马蜡烷、植烷含量均较高,C26+三环萜烷丰度相对较高,三环萜烷绝对浓度大,规则甾烷以C27占优势,硫芴含量相对较丰富;潮控三角洲除Pr/Ph较高外,其余生物标志物特征与潮坪、泻湖环境下的烃源岩相似。     

长江口崇明东滩冬季沉积物水界面营养盐通量

对长江口崇明东滩冬季沉积物中营养盐早期成岩过程和沉积物 水界面营养盐通量及其影响因素进行了研究.其中,高潮滩对各项营养盐均有显著吸收,中潮滩主要表现为对TIN和SiO2-3的释放,低潮滩由于受到局部水动力作用影响,营养盐通量存在较大不确定性.分子扩散作用对沉积物 水界面营养盐通量的贡献不大.由于潮滩对于水体PO3-4浓度的影响能力高于对TIN和SiO2-3的影响能力,潮滩能够在一定程度上促进水体中N/P和Si/P比的增加.     

山西中晚石炭世陆表海的沉积特征

通过对中、晚石炭世地层中各类岩石组合特征,沉积体系的空间展布和海平面等诸方面的分析,研究,认为山西中,晚石炭世陆表海为结北巨型克拉通陆表海的缩影,当时陆表海发育了一套清水与混水交互、填积与进积共存的碳酸盐台地体系和泻湖－潮坪体系及三角洲体系的含煤沉积建造。     

塔里木盆地晚古生代古盐度与古环境探讨

目的利用古盐度数据为有争议的塔里木盆地上古生界地层的沉积环境研究提供判定依据。方法对盆地巴楚、塔中、塔北地区的上古生界泥岩样品进行B,Ba,Sr,Ga等微量元素及K2O含量测试,开展古盐度地球化学分析,使用多指标恢复出研究区晚古生代水体的古盐度。结果本研究测试的古盐度数据分布于4.7‰～55.2‰,变化范围较大,涵盖了淡水、半咸水、咸水、超咸水各种类型。其中,以半咸水—咸水样品多见,超咸水样品集中出现于巴楚地区二叠系南闸组及库普库兹曼组,淡水样品出现于塔中地区砂泥岩段。结论古盐度测试显示,塔河地区"东河塘组"具半咸水特征,这一结果与该区钻、测井揭示的三角洲沉积吻合;石炭系巴楚组—卡拉沙依组各泥岩段的古盐度具半咸水特点,反映了该时期为有河流注入的淡化泻湖环境;砂泥岩段沉积期,淡水河流注入对古盐度控制作用较为明显。巴楚地区二叠系南闸组—库普库兹曼组泥岩为咸水浅海陆棚—半咸水泻湖与潮坪沉积,个别样品的古盐度偏高可能与样品含火山凝灰质有关。     

Anthropogenically enhanced fluxes of water and carbon from the Mississippi River

The water and dissolved inorganic carbon exported by rivers are important net fluxes that connect terrestrial and oceanic water and carbon reservoirs. For most rivers, the majority of dissolved inorganic carbon is in the form of bicarbonate. The riverine bicarbonate flux originates mainly from the dissolution of rock minerals by soil water carbon dioxide, a process called chemical weathering, which controls the buffering capacity and mineral content of receiving streams and rivers. Here we introduce an unprecedented high-temporal-resolution, 100-year data set from the Mississippi River and couple it with sub-watershed and precipitation data to reveal that the large increase in bicarbonate flux that has occurred over the past 50 years (ref. 3) is clearly anthropogenically driven. We show that the increase in bicarbonate and water fluxes is caused mainly by an increase in discharge from agricultural watersheds that has not been balanced by a rise in precipitation, which is also relevant to nutrient and pesticide fluxes to the Gulf of Mexico. These findings demonstrate that alterations in chemical weathering are relevant to improving contemporary biogeochemical budgets. Furthermore, land use change and management were arguably more important than changes in climate and plant CO2 fertilization to increases in riverine water and carbon export from this large region over the past 50 years.     

A modeling study of relation between cloud amount and SST over western tropical pacific cloudy regions during TOGA COARE

The relationship between cloud amount and sea surface temperature (SST) over western tropical Pacific cloudy regions during TOGA COARE is investigated based on hourly grid simulation data from a two-dimensional coupled ocean-cloud resolving atmosphere model. The model is forced by the large-scale vertical velocity and zonal wind observed and derived from TOGA COARE for a 50-day period. The cloud amount becomes smaller when the ocean surface gets warmer, which is similar to previous relations obtained from observational analyses. As SST increases, the atmospheric temperature increases whereas the surface sensible heat flux decreases. The atmospheric water vapor is not sensitive to SST whereas the surface evaporation flux decreases as SST increases. These indicate that the oceanic effects do not play an important role in determining atmospheric heat and water vapor budgets. The cold atmosphere produces a larger amount of ice clouds that cover a larger area than the warm atmosphere does. The large amounts of ice clouds lead to cooling of the ocean surface through reflecting large amount of solar radiation back to the space. Thus, the negative correlation between the cloud amount and SST only accounts for the important atmospheric effects on the ocean.     

云南晋宁、安宁地区早寒武世磷块岩沉积环境分析

通过对滇东地区含磷地层的划分和对比,认为渔户村组小歪头山段和雨碌段（待补段）分别代表一级碳酸盐磷酸盐台地上二级台地和台凹相区的同时异相沉积。晋宁、安宁地区中谊村段的白泥层与中白云岩层为上下关系,中白云岩层为上磷矿层下部的相变。根据２０条含磷地层剖面的地层相分析进行相区划分,并作出中谊村段下磷矿层和上磷矿层两个沉积时期的岩相古地理图。     

川东大池干井构造带石炭系储层岩石学特征及沉积环境

根据川东大池干井构造带的钻井岩心和薄片资料，从岩性特征、古生物特征入手，结合区域地质综合分析，将上石炭统划分为三个段。文章详细地研究了沉积环境及演化特点，划分出５种沉积相，并研究了它们的识别标志，及在横向上的展布规律。认为受表生期溶蚀改造的白云岩段是最好的储层段，而碳酸盐砂滩相中的颗粒云岩则是最好的储集岩。     

论碳酸盐与陆源碎屑的混合沉积

对碳酸盐与陆源碎屑的混合沉积的研究具有重要意义。本文讨论了各种环境中混合沉积作用的特点,并总结出了其主要的控制因素,即构造作用、气候、沉积物的供给、再改造和再沉积作用。这些因素常共同起作用,并且在不同的环境中所起的作用不同。     

九龙江流域畜牧养殖系统的氮磷流失研究

畜牧业的氮磷流失是造成水质污染的重要原因之一.目前国际上多采用养分平衡方法研究畜牧业对环境的影响程度.本文选择福建省九龙江流域的34家生猪养殖系统进行养分(即氮、磷)平衡分析.结果表明:流域范围内,大规模养殖场较中小型养殖场氮、磷流失率低;耕地占有率低的养殖场可以通过出售猪粪,减少氮、磷的流失.饲料是养殖场养分的主要来源,控制饲料的使用量也是减少养分流失的重要途径.同时,针对现状提出减少养分流失的管理措施.     

珠江河口潮能及其耗散的空间分布

 基于SELFE的珠江河口3D数学模型,统计了珠江河网 河口湾的能量通量与能量耗散。从能通量和能耗分布特征看,珠江河口可以分为伶仃洋 虎门水域、磨刀门河口水域区、黄茅海 潭江水域、网河区水域。潮能通量与耗散特征与珠江口滩槽地形分布特征大体一致。上述各区域存在‘门’等高能耗局部地貌单元,其单位面积能耗比附近水域的高数倍甚至1～2个数量级。     

三沙湾纳潮量及湾内外的水交换

根据三沙湾多年实测潮位资料和2个临时潮位站的实测资料,分析了三沙湾潮汐特征,计算了纳潮量、海水的平均交换率和海水半更换期.结果表明:三沙湾潮差较大,有较强的纳潮能力.但由于其水域面积较大,地形也比较复杂,其整个区域海水的平均“更新能力”一般.当潮差累积率为20%(大潮)时,三沙湾的海水半更换期约为36个潮周期;当潮差累积率为50%(中潮)时,海水半更换期约为75个潮周期;当潮差累积率为80%(小潮)时,海水半更换期达到114个潮周期.     

廉洲湾水流动力场对北海港域泥沙运移的影响

根据廉洲湾海洋动力场形成机制探讨了北海港域泥沙运移趋势,廉洲湾潮流具有明显往复特点,落潮流大于涨潮流,有利于湾内冲刷深槽的形成,使北海港保持相对稳定或微淤状态,便在深槽以北开阔海我浪作用加速南流江夏季冲淡水携沙向外运移,甚至波及港口一带,形成不断外移趋势,湾内工程开发不当会加快湾内泥沙洄淤的速度。