湖北应山自然保护区蝶类多样性及区系的研究

对湖北省应山自然保护区蝶类资源进行调查研究，共发现蝶类68种，隶属8科45属，其中的蛱蝶亚科的类为保护区蝶类中的优势种群，研究表明，该地区蝶类具有东洋界属性向古北界过渡的特征。     

A polycystic kidney-disease gene homologue required for male mating behaviour in C. elegans.

The stereotyped mating behaviour of the Caenorhabditis elegans male is made up of several substeps: response, backing, turning, vulva location, spicule insertion and sperm transfer. The complexity of this behaviour is reflected in the sexually dimorphic anatomy and nervous system. Behavioural functions have been assigned to most of the male-specific sensory neurons by means of cell ablations; for example, the hook sensory neurons HOA and HOB are specifically required for vulva location. We have investigated how sensory perception of the hermaphrodite by the C. elegans male controls mating behaviours. Here we identify a gene, lov-1 (for location of vulva), that is required for two male sensory behaviours: response and vulva location. lov-1 encodes a putative membrane protein with a mucin-like, serine-threonine-rich amino terminus followed by two blocks of homology to human polycystins, products of the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney-disease loci PKD1 and PKD2. LOV-1 is the closest C. elegans homologue of PKD1. lov-1 is expressed in adult males in sensory neurons of the rays, hook and head, which mediate response, vulva location, and potentially chemotaxis to hermaphrodites, respectively. PKD-2, the C. elegans homologue of PKD2, is localized to the same neurons as LOV-1, suggesting that they function in the same pathway.     

人工饲养褐马鸡的主要疾病的初步观察

本文对人工饲养褐马鸡的主要疾病进行了研究。已知虱子病的发病率虽然高,但死亡率却低,现已基本上能够防治;白痢病的发病率虽不太高,但死亡率却高,现已基本上以预防为主。治疗效果不佳,是危害幼褐马鸡的最主要疾病。     

Effects of a change in the level of inbreeding on the genetic load

"The effects of inbreeding may not be as noticeable in the first generation as the invigoration immediately apparent after crossing". This statement, published in 1919, has received little attention, and has apparently never been tested empirically, although the reduction of the genetic load of populations by inbreeding is well known in theoretical terms. Because inbreeding increases homozygosity, and hence the effectiveness of selection against recessive or partially recessive detrimental alleles, changes in levels of inbreeding can lead to a reduction in the frequencies of such mutant alleles. This results in equilibration at higher population mean fitness and is referred to as 'purging' populations of their genetic load. Severe inbreeding can also reduce genetic load due to overdominant alleles, provided selection coefficients are not symmetrical at all loci, because alleles giving lower fitness will be reduced in frequency at equilibrium. With either fitness model, however, reduction in genetic load takes time, and the initial effect of an increase in inbreeding is reduced fitness due to homozygosity. There are few data relating to the extent to which fitness is reduced during inbreeding in a set of lines and to how long the reduction lasts before increasing again to the initial level, or higher. Inbreeding experiments involving sib mating in mice and Drosophila subobscura, and successive bottlenecks in house flies have yielded some evidence consistent with the purging hypothesis. Here, we report results of an experiment demonstrating a prolonged time-course of recovery of mean fitness under self-fertilization of a naturally outcrossing plant, and also compare our results with expectations derived by computer calculations. Our results show that the genetic load present in an outcrossing population can be explained only with a high mutation rate to partially recessive deleterious alleles, and that inbreeding purges the population of mutant alleles.     

Flock-feeding on fish schools increases individual success in gulls

Flock-foraging and the role of white plumage in gulls and other seabirds have been the subject of much debate. At first sight it seems that competition within the flock would render flock formation against the interest of the bird who finds the fish school, as the fish must then be shared with birds joining the flock. However, it is also possible that flock formation is neutral or even beneficial to the individual members, including the bird that found the fish (the 'first finder'). Here we show that the fishing success of individual black-headed gulls, Larus ridibundus, increases with flock size up to at least eight birds. Part of the reason is that the fish school is more vulnerable when attacked by several gulls. The first gull to reach a fish school therefore benefits from being joined by others, and conspicuous white upper parts in gulls may act as a means of attracting other gulls to the flock and hence improving hunting success.     

不同品种香菇交配型基因的鉴定

利用原生质法单核体亲本交配型极性标记法,成功地鉴定出香菇－栽培株（Ｓ）与２野生株 （Ｑ＆Ｈ）的 ４种孢子单核体标准交配型基因,并以具有交配型基因的香菇栽培株的 ４种孢子单核体 与香菇２野生株４种孢子单核体轮配,而鉴定出香菇２野生株的４种孢子单核体相对交配型基因, 为香菇的遗传研究提供了可靠的遗传标记．结果显示栽培株Ｓ的４种孢子单核体的交配型分别为 Ａ１Ｂ１、 Ａ２Ｂ２、 Ａ１Ｂ２与 Ａ２Ｂ１,野生株 Ｑ的 ４种孢子单核体的交配型为 Ａ３Ｂ３、 Ａ４Ｂ４、 Ａ３Ｂ４与 Ａ４Ｂ３,野生株 Ｈ４４种孢子单核体的交配型为Ａ５Ｂ５、Ａ６Ｂ６、Ａ５Ｂ６与Ａ６Ｂ５．     

野外放归大熊猫和圈养大熊猫肠道正常菌群的研究

对四川卧龙中国保护大熊猫研究中心1只放归亚成体大熊猫和3只圈养亚成体大熊猫肠道正常菌群的种类、数量和分布情况进行了比较研究,结果鉴定出17种细菌,发现放归大熊猫和圈养大熊猫肠道优势菌群均为肠杆菌、肠球菌和乳杆菌,与圈养大熊猫相比,大熊猫放归野外后,肠道菌群中的肠球菌增多,肠杆菌和乳杆菌的数量有所下降,芽孢杆菌和酵母菌的检出率增大。     

烟草雄性不育种质创新研究进展

综述了烟草雄性不育种质创新研究的进展,重点介绍了生物技术在烟草雄性不育种质资源创新中所取得的成绩,并讨论了如何进一步加强烟草雄性不育种质创新研究的力度.     

应用山莨菪碱提高小儿静脉穿刺成功率的方法探讨

目的评价山莨菪碱外用扩张浅表血管,进行穿刺,提高穿刺成功率。方法选择儿科住院5 d以上的静脉穿刺困难儿193例,采用随机分组,用2%山莨菪碱外擦扩张充盈局部浅表血管再穿刺者为实验组,不用任何药物扩张局部浅表血管,而是直接按压方法穿刺者为对照组,按穿刺病例的先后顺序单号为实验组97例,双号为对照组96例。结果两组一次穿刺成功率比较（χ^2=30.21,P〈0.01）,有显著性差异,实验组明显优于对照组。结论对于静脉细小、隐匿、静脉痉挛现象,经反复穿刺仍不成功的患儿,先应用654-2作穿刺部位涂擦后再行穿刺,提高穿刺成功率,取得满意效果,简便易行方法较好。     

甘肃省青少年男子短跑运动员体型分析

实地测量了甘肃省第十届运动会短跑项目所有青少年运动员的一些体型指标,分析了他们的体型特征与竞技水平的关系.     

赤道加热对大气波动的影响

研究了赤道大气加热对大气波动的影响，结果表明：(1)赤道加热可以产生赤道对称的定常气压波动，其强度与加热特别是凝结加热密切相关；(2)当加热强度变化时，可激发产生东移的开尔波和西移的Hossby波重力波。     

铜在钢中的作用综述

综合论述了铜在钢中的作用,包括铜引起的钢的脆性——铜脆,以及铜在钢中的各种有益应用:利用铜的耐腐蚀性能开发的较为成熟的含铜耐候钢系列,含铜抗菌不锈钢系列,以及近年来国内外开发出的一些含铜新钢种。铜不但是动物和植物所必须的微量元素,而且在铜制品表面各种微生物和细菌不易存活,对人类、对环境是非常有益处的,因此,开发含铜钢具有十分广阔的发展前景。     

铜在钢中的作用综述

综合论述了铜在钢中的作用,包括铜引起的钢的脆性——铜脆,以及铜在钢中的各种有益应用:利用铜的耐腐蚀性能开发的较为成熟的含铜耐候钢系列,含铜抗菌不锈钢系列,以及近年来国内外开发出的一些含铜新钢种。铜不但是动物和植物所必须的微量元素,而且在铜制品表面各种微生物和细菌不易存活,对人类、对环境是非常有益处的,因此,开发含铜钢具有十分广阔的发展前景。     

丛枝菌根真菌对植物营养代谢与生长影响的研究进展

综述了国内外有关丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对于改善植株水分代谢与碳素营养,促进植株对N,P等矿质营养吸收及其运转途径与机制的研究进展,提出了AM真菌研究中存在的问题,以期今后加强对AM真菌的深入研究,进而提高植物对矿质元素的吸收转运效率,增强植株的代谢能力.可以预见,AM真菌作为一种经济而有效的生物肥料,将广泛应用于农业生产与生态农业中,带来不可估量的经济效益和生态效益.     

福建省汉族男大学生身体素质的动态研究

动用可比性原则,将2000年与1995年的福建省汉族男大学生的身体素质进行纵向对比,结果发现福建省汉族男大学生总体的身体素质水平呈显著下降状态。对此,在体育教学改革中要注意端正体育教育的指导思想,提高师资队伍的素质,重视学生锻炼意识的培养,并强化学生的锻炼行为。