Nanoscale hydrodynamics: enhanced flow in carbon nanotubes

Nanoscale structures that could mimic the selective transport and extraordinarily fast flow possible in biological cellular channels would have a wide range of potential applications. Here we show that liquid flow through a membrane composed of an array of aligned carbon nanotubes is four to five orders of magnitude faster than would be predicted from conventional fluid-flow theory. This high fluid velocity results from an almost frictionless interface at the carbon-nanotube wall.     

Kondo physics in carbon nanotubes

The connection of electrical leads to wire-like molecules is a logical step in the development of molecular electronics, but also allows studies of fundamental physics. For example, metallic carbon nanotubes are quantum wires that have been found to act as one-dimensional quantum dots, Luttinger liquids, proximity-induced superconductors and ballistic and diffusive one-dimensional metals. Here we report that electrically contacted single-walled carbon nanotubes can serve as powerful probes of Kondo physics, demonstrating the universality of the Kondo effect. Arising in the prototypical case from the interaction between a localized impurity magnetic moment and delocalized electrons in a metallic host, the Kondo effect has been used to explain enhanced low-temperature scattering from magnetic impurities in metals, and also occurs in transport through semiconductor quantum dots. The far greater tunability of dots (in our case, nanotubes) compared with atomic impurities renders new classes of Kondo-like effects accessible. Our nanotube devices differ from previous systems in which Kondo effects have been observed, in that they are one-dimensional quantum dots with three-dimensional metal (gold) reservoirs. This allows us to observe Kondo resonances for very large electron numbers (N) in the dot, and approaching the unitary limit (where the transmission reaches its maximum possible value). Moreover, we detect a previously unobserved Kondo effect, occurring for even values of N in a magnetic field.     

探究物质最深层次的物理规律：中国粒子物理发展规划的思考

 粒子物理是物质结构探索和研究的前沿学科,研究意义重大,成果影响深远,技术溢出效益明显。分析了粒子物理的研究目标及方法、特点,概述了中国粒子物理的基础、成就以及与国际领先水平的差距,探讨了中国粒子物理的未来发展目标、规划以及应采取的相关措施和应该发展的核心技术,提出了中国粒子物理向世界领先水平发展的建议。     

论大数据代数（BDA）：大数据科学与工程的分析方法

 大数据科学和系统的基础研究推动了大数据数学理论的产生。本文引出大数据科学和工程的一种严格分析方法：大数据代数（BDA）从提取各种大数据系统的共同模式中形式地导出大数据科学的数学模型。BDA揭示了任何大数据系统是一种超越传统纯数字的新型递归类型化超结构（RTHS）。基于大数据的递归超结构,创建了一组严格的代数算子,用于对大数据系统的建模、分析、综合和认知学习。这一基础研究建立了一个大数据科学的理论架构,其为解释大数据的原理和性质及其在大数据工程中的形式推理提供了一个方法论基础。