应用RT-nPCR检测石蜡包埋甲状腺癌中PTC癌基因的表达

为探讨ret原癌基因活化形式—PTC癌基因在甲状腺癌发病机制中的作用和判断其生物学行为,运用RT-nPCR技术检测16例甲状腺乳头状癌、4例滤泡癌、2例未分化癌、1例髓样癌PTC癌基因mRNA的表达,结果表明:16例甲状腺乳头状癌中有7例(43％)PTC基因表达为阳性,甲状腺滤泡癌、髓样癌及未分化癌均为阴性。在甲状腺乳头状癌中,PTC表达阳性组多伴有淋巴细胞浸润(57％),高于阴性组病侧(11％)(P<0.05),而与患者发病年龄、肿瘤大小及淋巴结转移无显著相关性。因此,我们认为ret原癌基因的活化与甲状腺乳头状癌的发生有关,其活化形式—PTC癌基因的表达仅限于乳头状癌,可作为甲状腺乳头状癌的诊断和鉴别诊断的有效参考指标。     

甲状腺癌组织端粒酶激活与p16基因失活的关系

目的探讨甲状腺癌细胞增殖、分化与端粒酶激活及抑癌基因p16失活（缺失突变）之间可能存在的关系。方法应用TRAP、多重PCR、免疫组化法检测42例甲状腺癌与16例癌旁组织端粒酶活性、P16基因外显子2缺失、P16蛋白表达。结果甲状腺癌组端粒酶活性90．48％,高于癌旁组织（P〈0．01）;甲状腺癌p16基因外显子2纯合缺失率28．57％,相应癌旁组未检出（P〈0．01）;甲状腺癌P16蛋白表达缺失率40．48％,高于癌旁组（P〈0．05）;甲状腺癌P16蛋白表达缺失率高于p16基因外显子2缺失率。结论端粒酶激活与p16基因失活以及P16蛋白表达下调可能是甲状腺癌变过程中的重要分子事件,甲状腺癌中p16基因失活可能是端粒酶激活的一种途径。     

哈萨克族食管癌中PTEN基因的突变情况

通过检测抑癌基因PTEN在新疆哈族食管癌及正常食管粘膜组织中的突变频率,探讨PTEN基因突变与哈族食管癌的关系。运用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性分析（PCR-SSCP）方法以及DNA直接测序技术,扩增125例哈族食管癌石蜡包埋组织及70例新鲜哈族食管粘膜中PTEN基因的突变热点,即第5-8号外显子,根据构象改变检测其基因突变情况。125例哈族食管癌组织中PTEN基因第5及第8号外显子的突变率分别为0．8％（1／125）．3．2％（4／125）,6、7号外显子未发现突变（0／125）。70例新鲜哈族食管粘膜中均未检测到任何突变（0／70）。二者差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。哈族食管癌中存在PTEN抑癌基因的突变,但突变率较低。PTEN基因突变在食管癌发生发展中的作用不大。     

36例晚期甲状腺癌误诊原因分析

３６例晚期甲状腺癌误诊原因分析孙维云，王效勤（定西地区医院肿痛科７４３０００）１９８０～１９９１年，我科共收治甲状腺肿瘤５８２例，其中４６例甲状腺癌（乳头状癌２９例、髓样癌７例。４６例中３６例（７８．３％）为腺外型晚期癌，气管和局部软组织侵犯率高达２...     

42例结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺乳头状癌临床分析

目的：探讨结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺乳头状癌的临床特点和诊治原则,以提高对该病诊断和治疗的认识。方法：回顾性分析我院2006-2009年间42例结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺乳头状癌的临床病例资料。结果：本组42例占同期甲状腺癌患者的50.6%,占同期结节性甲状腺肿手术的14.43%,其中微小癌占了38.1%,颈淋巴结转移率23.81%。结论：结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺乳头状癌发生率较高,结肿背景干扰甲状腺癌的检出;重视结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌的临床表现及B超特征;对可疑结节术前在B超引导下穿刺活检可提高术前诊断率;冰冻切片快速病理检查是预防漏诊,提高术中甲状腺癌检出率的关键;甲状腺癌行甲状腺腺叶切除术加中央区颈淋巴结清扫术或甲状腺全切或近全切加改良颈部淋巴结清扫是适宜的手术方式,术后辅以左旋甲状腺素片治疗,对结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺乳头状癌有良好的治疗效果。     

原发性肝癌P53基因第249密码子突变的研究

用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性（ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ）技术对７例原发性肝细胞癌（ＰＨＣ）进行Ｐ＾５３基因第２４９密码子突变的检测。结果：７例肝细胞癌中３例有Ｐ＾５３基因第２４９密码子突变，突变率达４２．９％。     

168例甲状腺癌病理活检回顾性分析

为总结甲状腺癌病理活检诊断体会，回顾性统计分析168例甲状腺癌病理活检材料，结果显示，患者男：女为1：3，女性明显多于男性．乳头状腺癌居首位(66．26％)，其次为滤泡癌(23．93％)，髓样癌占第三位(5．52％)，未分化癌最少见(4．29％)．通过对甲状腺癌各分型原诊断重新评价，认为对甲状腺癌存在过度诊断，亦存在误诊和漏诊．     

Survivin基因在胃癌组织中的表达及其与凋亡的相关性研究

目的研究胃癌组织中Survivin基因的表达及其与凋亡的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学SP法检测30例正常胃粘膜及120例胃癌组织中Survivin基因的表达;采用脱氧核糖核酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记（TUNEL）技术,检测其凋亡指数。结果30例正常胃粘膜组织Survivin基因均不表达,胃癌组织中Survivin阳性率为62．5％（75／120）,二者有显著性差异（P〈0．01）;Survivin基因表达与组织分化程度和TNM分期密切相关（P〈0．05）。胃癌组织凋亡指数（AI）和TNM分期、组织分化程度密切相关（P〈0．05）。Survivin基因表达水平与凋亡指数呈显著负相关（P〈0．01）。结论Survivin基因在胃癌的发生发展过程中可能起重要作用。Survivin基因的表达可抑制胃癌细胞凋亡、促进胃癌细胞增殖。     

甲状腺癌组织中H-ras基因突变及蛋白表达的预后价值

对54例甲状腺癌标本分别用PCR-RFLP法检测H-ras基因第12位密码子的突变及免疫组化法检测p21ras蛋白,并用时序捡测分析ras基因突变和p21ras蛋白表达与甲状腺癌的关系.结果发现,甲状腺癌中18例(33.3%)有ras基因突变和49例(90.7%)有p21ras蛋白过度表达.临床分期晚、分化程度低的甲状腺癌突变率较高,具有H-ras原癌基因突变和p21ras蛋白阳性的病例有较高的复发率和死亡率.表明ras基因突变及其蛋白过度表达在甲状腺癌的发生和发展过程中发挥作用,是预后不良的标志.     

甲状腺肿瘤中突变型P~(16)蛋白和PCNA的表达及意义

应用免疫组化LSAB法对22例甲状腺癌及20例甲状腺腺瘤的突变型P~(16)蛋白表达研究,结果发现:P~(16)甲状腺癌和甲状腺腺瘤表达率分别为45%及10%,两者表达率有显著性差异(P0.05);甲状腺恶性肿瘤中乳头状癌及滤泡性腺癌P~(16)的表达率两者无显著性差异(P>0.05).提示突变型P~(16)表达及PCNA的检测对研究癌基因在甲状腺癌发生发展中及细胞异型增生中有重要作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the