汽车用TWIP钢的力学性能与微观组织

采用热轧、冷轧及退火处理等工艺,对成分为25Mn-3Si-3Al的TWIP钢进行了试制,研究了钢板的力学性能、微观组织及其断裂机制,并采用X射线测定了钢板的晶体学织构.实验结果表明:钢板拉伸时发生典型的延性断裂;拉伸前的组织为伴有大量退火孪晶的奥氏体;在拉伸过程中退火孪晶转变成形变孪晶,使产品的强度和塑性提高;退火过程中形成的织构组分有利于塑性变形.     

Fe-28Mn-3Si-3Al TWIP钢变形的微观组织特征

采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和电子背散射衍射技术对TWIP钢拉伸变形后的组织进行了观察和分析. 研究结果表明,热处理后的TWIP钢中存在60%的退火孪晶,变形后孪晶量减少为32%. 在拉伸过程中,具有退火孪晶的晶粒内部首先发生变形,产生的变形孪晶遗传了退火孪晶的取向. 变形过程中孪晶和位错相互作用、孪晶和孪晶相互作用以及孪晶取向改变引发滑移的综合结果使TWIP钢同时获得高塑性和高强度,因此变形过程中孪生变形是TWIP钢的主要变形机制.     

低碳中锰热轧TRIP钢退火工艺及组织演变

研究了第三代高强度高塑性TRIP钢的退火工艺对性能的影响和组织演变规律.热轧后形成的原始马氏体与临界退火时形成的残余奥氏体使TRIP钢具有良好的强度和塑性.结果表明:实验用钢可获得1000MPa以上的抗拉强度和30%以上的断后延伸率,且强塑积30 GPa.%;退火温度和保温时间对钢的力学性能具有显著影响,热轧TRIP钢临界退火温度为630℃,保温时间18 h时,实验用钢能获得最佳的综合力学性能.     

析出强化与孪晶强化在Fe--24 Mn--3 Si--3 Al TWIP钢退火过程中的作用机制

对Fe-24Mn-3Si-3Al TWIP钢在不同退火工艺下进行力学性能测试,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察钢的微观组织形貌.结果表明:随着退火温度和保温时间的变化,TWIP钢的力学性能并不符合常规的单调上升或下降的规律,而在退火温度为800℃、保温10 min和退火温度为900℃、保温20 min时发生波动.退火温度为800℃、保温10min条件下,钢的主要强化机制为析出强化,析出相(Fe,Mn)23C6的增多导致屈服和抗拉强度升高;退火温度为900℃、保温20 min条件下,钢中的析出相并未有明显的变化,而二次孪晶的产生及孪晶相互交割成为抗拉强度增加的主导因素.     

保温时间和冷却方式对 Fe--28 Mn--2.8 Si--2.2 Al--TWIP钢组织和力学性能的影响

通过光学显微镜和电子背散射衍射技术研究了1000益退火温度下保温时间和冷却方式对Fe-28Mn-2.8Si-2.2Al-TWIP钢组织和性能的影响.结果表明：当保温时间为5、10和20 min时,随着保温时间的延长,奥氏体晶粒迅速长大,同时退火孪晶在晶粒内部变长、增厚,抗拉强度和屈服强度同时下降,但是延伸率变化不大.对比水冷和空冷两种冷却方式,水冷更有利于TWIP钢获得良好的力学性能,同时冷却速度对晶粒和取向有一定的影响.     

Effects of overaging temperature on the microstructure and properties of 600 MPa cold-rolled dual-phase steel

C–Mn steels prepared by annealing at 800°C for 120 s and overaging at 250–400°C were subjected to pre-straining (2%) and baking treatments (170°C for 20 min) to measure their bake-hardening (BH2) values. The effects of overaging temperature on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and BH2 behavior of 600 MPa cold-rolled dual-phase (DP) steel were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile tests. The results indicated that the martensite morphology exhibited less variation when the DP steel was overaged at 250–350°C. However, when the DP steel was overaged at 400°C, numerous non-martensite and carbide particles formed and yield-point elongation was observed in the tensile curve. When the overaging temperature was increased from 250 to 400°C, the yield strength increased from 272 to 317 MPa, the tensile strength decreased from 643 to 574 MPa, and the elongation increased from 27.8% to 30.6%. Furthermore, with an increase in overaging temperature from 250 to 400°C, the BH2 value initially increases and then decreases. The maximum BH2 value of 83 MPa was observed for the specimen overaged at 350°C.     

超快冷速对钒钛微合金化超高强冷轧板组织性能的影响

超高强冷轧板生产中连续退火工艺十分重要,其快冷阶段的冷却速度对产品性能有较大的影响。本文是在实验室条件下对钒钛微合金化超高强冷轧板连退冷却工艺中快冷阶段冷却速度对产品性能影响的研究,实现抗拉强度达到1 000 MPa。实验中将快冷速度设置为20,50,200,500和1 000℃/s,利用光学显微镜、SEM、TEM组织观察和力学性能测试等方法,研究发现:随着快冷速度增加,铁素体和马氏体晶粒细化,马氏体比例增加且趋于板条状;抗拉强度、屈服强度、屈强比均增加,而延伸率和强塑积不断降低。     

热轧变形量对铝热法制备的 2507双相不锈钢组织和力学性能的影响

对铝热反应制备的微纳结构2507双相不锈钢在1 000 ℃下进行了变形量为40%、60%和80%的轧制处理.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)研究其轧制态显微组织.采用万能拉伸试验机和布洛维光学硬度计测试其力学性能.测试结果表明:轧制过程中,奥氏体和铁素体沿轧制方向被拉长,且奥氏体向铁素体转变.随着轧制变形量的增加,纳米晶平均晶粒尺寸变化不大,但体积分数减小.1 000 ℃下轧制变形量为40%、60%和80%后的屈服强度分别为232、284、456 MPa,抗拉强度分别为533、577、582 MPa,硬度分别为325、330、337 HV,延伸率分别为12.5%、11.1%和11.5%.     

Reverse-transformation austenite structure control with micro/nanometer size

To control the reverse-transformation austenite structure through manipulation of the micro/nanometer grain structure, the influences of cold deformation and annealing parameters on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel were investigated. The samples were first cold-rolled, and then samples deformed to different extents were annealed at different temperatures. The microstructure evolutions were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), magnetic measurements, and X-ray diffraction (XRD); the mechanical properties are also determined by tensile tests. The results showed that the fraction of stain-induced martensite was approximately 72% in the 90% cold-rolled steel. The micro/nanometric microstructure was obtained after reversion annealing at 820-870℃ for 60 s. Nearly 100% reversed austenite was obtained in samples annealed at 850℃, where grains with a diameter ≤ 500 nm accounted for 30% and those with a diameter >0.5 μm accounted for 70%. The micro/nanometer-grain steel exhibited not only a high strength level (approximately 959 MPa) but also a desirable elongation of approximately 45%.     

变形工艺对热轧双相钢显微组织和性能的影响

以热轧双相钢为研究对象,在实验室通过热轧实验,研究了变形量、卷取温度、终轧温度对高强热轧双相钢组织细化和力学性能的影响.通过研究可以发现,变形工艺参数对热轧双相钢的显微组织和力学性能有很大的影响,热轧双相钢的显微组织主要有三种典型微观形貌,而这三种典型形貌又赋予了双相钢不同的强韧化机制和力学性能.在实验室条件下,开发了780 MPa级以Mn,Si为主要添加元素的热轧双相钢生产工艺,可以使热轧双相钢的屈服强度达到要求的级别,并且断后伸长率良好.     

含铌TRIP钢连续退火后的组织性能及强化机理

在实验室模拟了含铌与无铌TRIP钢的连续退火工艺过程,通过金相显微技术(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、背散射电子衍射技术(EBSD)、X射线衍射(XRD)和拉伸实验等检测手段研究了TRIP钢的组织性能,分析了TRIP钢中残余奥氏体稳定性的影响因素及强化机理.结果表明:在连续退火工艺条件下,Nb的存在细化了TRIP钢的微观组织,与未添加Nb的钢相比,添加Nb可以提高TRIP钢中残余奥氏体含量和残余奥氏体碳含量.含铌TRIP钢中残余奥氏体主要以团块状或薄膜状分布于铁素体与贝氏体晶界,极少部分以细小球状分布于铁素体晶内.含铌TRIP钢热轧后的主要析出物为Fe3C和(Nb,Ti)(C,N),退火后的主要析出物为(Nb,Ti)(C,N).细小含铌析出物的析出强化导致了随着退火温度的升高,屈服强度和抗拉强度升高.     

回火温度对600MPa级低碳贝氏体钢组织和力学性能的影响

利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等实验方法,研究了不同回火温度对屈服强度600MPa级Fe-Mn-Nb-B系低碳贝氏体高强钢组织和性能的影响.结果表明:回火温度对屈服强度和抗拉强度均有较大影响.各回火温度下的低碳贝氏体钢性能与回火前相比,屈服强度均有不同程度的升高,而抗拉强度则均有不同程度的下降;600℃回火时屈服强度比回火前高出105MPa.随着回火温度的升高,屈服强度先上升后又略有下降并在600℃时达到最大值,抗拉强度下降明显,伸长率略有升高,屈强比升高.分析认为:回火前后力学性能的变化主要与回火后有更多弥散的尺寸在20nm以下的新的细小粒子析出以及马氏体占绝大多数的大块M/A岛的分解和发生位错多边形的回复有关.     

700 MPa冷轧低合金超高强钢的典型连续退火工艺

为了开发新一代冷轧低合金超高强钢,利用连续退火实验机对Ti-0.12%、Nb-0.076%的冷轧低合金超高强钢进行连续退火实验,设计了760~830℃四种不同退火温度,研究了退火温度对实验钢的相组成、晶粒尺寸和力学性能的影响.在800℃退火、400℃过时效的条件下,可得到铁素体和少量贝氏体的组织,铁素体晶粒尺寸约为1.4μm,屈服强度可达700 MPa.同时利用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察到钢中存在大量纳米尺寸的亚晶结构、少量位错以及纳米级的Ti、Nb的析出物,这些微结构单元对强度有较大的提升作用.     

Effect of superplastic deformation on the bonding property of 00Cr25Ni7Mo3N duplex stainless steel

The superplastic deformation diffusion bonding of 00Cr25Ni7Mo3N duplex stainless steel was performed on a hot simulator. The microstructure of the bonding interface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The mechanical properties of the specimen were investigated by a shear strength test. The results indicated that the shear strength was improved with the increase of superplastic deformation reduction. When the deformation reduction was up to 50%, the shear strength of the specimen achieved 417 Mpa, approaching to that of the base metal. In addtion, the superplastic diffusion bonding technique was not very sensitive to surface roughness levels. When the surface roughness of the bonding specimen surpassed 0.416 μm (level G2), the shear strength achieved at least 381 MPa.     

临界区退火对含磷低硅TRIP钢组织性能的影响

在实验条件下对含磷TRIP(transformation inducedplasticity)钢进行临界区退火研究，主要研究了不同退火条件对实验钢组织和力学性能的影响.通过添加P元素降低钢中的Si含量，可改善表面质量，解决镀锌问题，且P价格低廉，成本降低.结果表明:随等温时间增加，贝氏体含量增加，抗拉强度增加；在两种等温温度下，残余奥氏体量都是呈先增加后降低的趋势，780℃等温时在180s时得到最大的残余奥氏体量22%，800℃等温时在90s时得到最大的残余奥氏体量20%；780℃等温180s时获得最佳力学性能，强塑积达22854MPa·%，P的加入并未引起力学性能损失，各项力学性能优良.     

无硅TRIP钢力学性能的研究

无硅TRIP钢采用临界区加热等温淬火热处理,获得铁素体,贝氏体及大量稳定残余奥氏体的三相组织·通过对其显微组织观察,断口形貌分析,与高硅TRIP钢力学性能的相互比较,探讨了无硅TRIP钢相变诱发塑性的行为·结果表明:无硅TRIP钢在拉伸变形过程中,应变诱导相变,相变诱发塑性;其拉伸断口形貌呈韧性断口特征;经790℃加热在400℃等温5min时,抗拉强度达到754MPa,延伸率达到36%,综合性能(强塑积)达到27144MPa%的最高值·     

Variation in retained austenite content and mechanical properties of 0.2C–7Mn steel after intercritical annealing

The effects of annealing time and temperature on the retained austenite content and mechanical properties of 0.2C–7Mn steel were studied. The retained austenite content of 0.2C–7Mn steel was compared with that of 0.2C–5Mn steel. It is found that 0.2C–7Mn steel exhibits a similar variation trend of retained austenite content as 0.2C–5Mn steel. However, in detail, these trends are different. 0.2C–7Mn steel contains approximately 7.5vol% retained austenite after austenitization and quenching. The stability of the reversed austenite in 0.2C–7Mn steel is lower than that in 0.2C–5Mn steel; in contrast, the equilibrium reversed austenite fraction of 0.2C–7Mn steel is substantially greater than that of 0.2C–5Mn steel. Therefore, the retained austenite content in 0.2C–7Mn steel reaches 53.1vol%. The tensile results show that long annealing time and high annealing temperature may not favor the enhancement of mechanical properties of 0.2C–7Mn steel. The effect of retained austenite on the tensile strength of the steel depends on the content of retained austenite; in contrast, the 0.2% yield strength linearly decreases with increasing retained austenite content.     

退火温度对含铌细晶高强IF钢组织与性能的影响

以含铌细晶高强IF钢为研究对象,在不同的退火温度下对实验钢进行模拟连续退火实验。采用OM和TEM对实验钢进行了显微组织和钢中析出二相粒子形貌的观察,得到不同退火温度下对细晶高强IF钢力学性能影响和二相粒子的析出规律,为实验钢的低屈服现象提供依据。在实验钢中晶界周边形成的无沉淀区PFZ带是典型的显微结构特点。实验结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,实验钢晶粒尺寸变大,强度下降,n值和r值有一定提高,部分第二相粒子溶解聚集长大。     

回火温度对高Cr马氏体耐热钢组织与性能的影响

利用光学显微镜(OM)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及电子探针(EPMA)等手段,系统研究了不同回火温度下9%Cr马氏体耐热钢的组织及力学性能变化.结果表明:回火后位错网络化、析出相形态、板条马氏体破碎化等是影响力学性能变化的主要因素.正火并760℃回火后在室温和550℃条件下抗拉强度分别达到657和556MPa,0℃冲击功达到285J,此回火温度下实验钢具有最佳综合力学性能.700, 820,850℃回火,韧性大幅降低.高温服役条件下不发生粗化的MX相弥散分布在铁素体和马氏体中,与马氏体高温回复形成的亚稳态多边形结构有效提升耐热钢抗高温蠕变性能.     

Effects of Nb on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 38MnB5 steel

The effects of the microalloying element niobium (Nb) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the hot stamped steel 38MnB5 were investigated. The impact of Nb addition on the microstructure was studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results indicated that the microstructures of the steel containing Nb were finer than those of the steel without Nb. Moreover, Nb mainly presented as a second-phase particle in 38MnB5 steel, and the particles included Nb carbonitrides. In addition, the tensile strength and elongation of the hot rolled and hot stamped steels were also measured, and they demonstrated that the appropriate addition of Nb was beneficial to the mechanical properties of 38MnB5. Under the same conditions, the tensile strength of 38MnB5Nb was higher than that of 38MnB5, which increased from 2011 to 2179 MPa. The yield strength also increased from 1316 to 1476 MPa, and the elongation increased from 5.92% to 6.64%. Overall, Nb had a positive effect on the performance of the hot stamped steel.