一种自相似二维晶粒长大过程的Monte Carlo仿真

采用Monte Carlo方法仿真了以Weibull尺寸分布为初始组织的正常晶粒长大过程。结果显示，二维正常晶粒长大发展到准稳态长大阶段时，其晶粒尺寸分布不是经典Hillert理论所预测的尺寸分布，而是仍然保持Weibull分布，并且参数基本不发生变化。与国际上同类研究成果的比较进一步表明，不同β值的Weibull分布很适用于表征二维晶粒长大的准稳态晶粒尺寸分布，且表征效果优于文献中的已有工作。     

相场中场变量参数对二维晶粒演变特征影响的研究

采用了周期性边界条件及各向同性的动力学相场模型研究了场变量参数对二维多晶生长的影响.模拟结果表明:场变量数目的多少对晶粒生长的规律没有显著影响:即二次幂规律,场变量数目越大,晶粒合并的几率越小,生长越慢.同时又对不同场变量下晶粒的相对尺寸分布进行了研究,结果显示晶粒的相对尺寸分布形式具有相似性.     

纯铁晶粒拓扑构形的定量研究

本文采用系列截面法,较系统地对退火纯铁晶粒的拓扑构形进行了实验研究,并着重分析了拓扑参量的分布特性及有关规律。     

In situ observation of austenite grain growth behavior in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of Ti-microalloyed steels

The austenite grain growth behavior in a simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone during thermal cycling was investigated via in situ observation. Austenite grains nucleated at ferrite grain boundaries and then grew in different directions through movement of grain boundaries into the ferrite phase. Subsequently, the adjacent austenite grains impinged against each other during the α→γ transformation. After the α→γ transformation, austenite grains coarsened via the coalescence of small grains and via boundary migration between grains. The growth process of austenite grains was a continuous process during heating, isothermal holding, and cooling in simulated thermal cycling. Abundant finely dispersed nanoscale TiN particles in a steel specimen containing 0.012wt% Ti effectively retarded the grain boundary migration, which resulted in refined austenite grains. When the Ti concentration in the steel was increased, the number of TiN particles decreased and their size coarsened. The big particles were not effective in pinning the austenite grain boundary movement and resulted in coarse austenite grains.     

Influence of MnS particles on the behaviors of grain boundary migration in Fe-3%Si alloys

The precipitation behaviors of MnS particles at 900℃ in a hot deformed Fe-3%Si alloy were observed statistically. The ratio of MnS particles on dislocations and in grain boundaries was calculated based on a model concerning the second phase precipitation in supersaturated solid solution. It was indicated that the precipitation of MnS particles on dislocations prevailed. The coarsening process of MnS particles in grain boundaries determined the boundary mobility during the secondary recrystallization. However, the density difference of precipitated MnS particles inside the grains on both sides of a boundary will determine the migration direction of the boundary as well, besides the grain size effect. It was observed that the densities of MnS particles in two neighboring grains were commonly different, and the boundary tended to move towards the area with lower particle density. The factors, e.g. dislocation densities in differently oriented grains will affect the density of precipitated particles, in which the Goss grains with higher particle density could grow more easily.     

不同应变速率热变形双相不锈钢的取向特征

在MMS-200热模拟实验机上,对S32750超级双相不锈钢在1 000℃,应变速率为0.01～10 s-1的条件下进行了高温压缩实验,利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术对其晶体取向和晶界特征进行了分析.研究结果表明:在低应变速率时,铁素体晶粒出现〈111〉∥压缩轴织构;在高应变速率时,〈001〉织构又明显增加.铁素体晶粒随着应变速率的增加变得细小,而小角度晶界数量增加;在应变速率为10 s-1时,形变后奥氏体晶粒得到了〈110〉织构.应变速率的增加使奥氏体晶粒变大,小角度晶界数量增加.奥氏体相在小应变速率条件下变形可以获得更多的Σ3孪晶界.     

金属多晶体晶粒的空间及截面拓扑分布特性

利用系列截面法系统地研究了一种微合金化低碳钢奥氏体晶粒的空间及截面拓扑分布特性，实验建立了晶粒界面数Ｆ与其截面多边形边数均值ｎ及边数平方均值ｎ＾－２之间的经验关系，并进一步研究了不同拓扑级别的三维晶粒的截面拓扑分布且与多种晶粒几何模型进行了比较分析。     

Near-microscopic grain boundary facilitates fatigue crack propagation in a polycrystalline Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy

In present study, grain characteristics with sizes within 10–30 μm were fabricated from a same Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy, FCP behaviors of the alloys with small grain(SG alloy), medium grain(MG alloy) and large grain(LG alloy)were investigated and related fatigue fracture morphology was analyzed. With the enhancement of stress intensity factor range(ΔK), the alloy with larger grains possessed faster FCP rate, which were successively arranged as SG alloy > MG alloy > LG alloy at initial stage while...     

相场法研究初始微结构对晶粒长大的影响

【目的】研究不同初始微结构对晶粒长大过程及生长动力学的影响。【方法】采用相场法(Phase Field)模拟二维多晶材料中正常晶粒长大及初态分别为柱状和梯度微结构的晶粒长大过程。【结果】正常晶粒长大的相对晶粒尺寸分布具有时间不变性的特点;柱状微结构的长宽比和梯度微结构的梯度指数均直接影响晶粒长大动力学,这两种初始微结构在演化过程中均向均匀等轴微结构转变。【结论】晶粒长大是大晶粒不断吞噬相邻小晶粒的过程;晶界曲率对晶粒长大过程有显著影响,曲率越大,晶粒长大越快。     

分步退火及初始晶粒对Hastelloy C-276合金晶界特征分布影响

不同初始晶粒尺寸的 Hastelloy C-276 合金经冷轧变形后,分别采用一次退火和二次退火方法进行热处理,其晶界特征分布采用电子背散射衍射技术进行表征.结果表明,初始较大晶粒组织有利于晶界特征分布的优化,特殊晶界比例比小尺寸晶粒组织提高了近10%,达到了78.8%,同时形成了平均尺寸为200μm晶粒团簇组织.在相同晶粒尺寸条件下,采用二次退火工艺可以明显改善合金的晶界特征分布,∑3^○n晶界比例得到较大幅度的提高,并形成了良好的团簇组织.这是由于较多的非共格∑3晶界,容易产生∑9和∑27晶界,从而形成更多的三叉晶界,阻断了大角度晶界的连通性.     

封闭方腔自然对流的涡结构和传热特性

为研究封闭方腔自然对流的涡结构和传热特性,对普朗特数,Pr=0.71,方腔高长比A=H/L=1,瑞利数Ra=1.58×109的二维封闭方腔自然对流进行了直接数值模拟. 给出了水平边界层发展阶段和垂直边界层转捩阶段的流场结构以及Nu数分布. 结果表明,压力梯度对方腔的水平速度变化起着决定性的作用;高Ra数下的自然对流在逆压梯度作用下水平方向形成一系列的涡,这些涡使得水平边界层流动形成分层结构;壁面Nu数与速度梯度?v/?y有着密不可分的关系.      

低熔点元素及合金改性HDDR钕铁硼磁粉的研究进展

氢化-歧化-脱氢-再复合(HDDR)工艺是制备各向异性钕铁硼(NdFeB)磁粉的主要方法.但HDDR磁粉实际矫顽力(H_C)较低,重稀土元素Dy的引入可以显著提高其H_C,经研究发现引入的Dy主要分布于磁体晶界,起调控晶界相的作用:增加晶界厚度,提高磁粉的各向异性场(H_A).但重稀土元素Dy自然资源匮乏且价格昂贵,限制了HDDR磁粉的发展.为减少磁粉中重稀土元素用量、降低成本,研究人员通过晶界扩散低熔点元素及合金来替代重稀土元素Dy,因低熔点物质在扩散过程中呈液相,提高了扩散介质与晶界相的接触面积及扩散系数,有利于其沿晶界扩散并调控晶界相,使磁粉H_C提高.对近些年晶界扩散低熔点元素及合金提高HDDR-NdFeB磁粉H_C的部分研究成果进行了归纳.     

外应力作用下小角晶界的斜排位错运动研究

[目的]探讨纳米晶材料中小角度晶界位错在应力作用下的演化机理。[方法]通过分析位错受力,建立动力学方程,分析晶界斜排位错在受到外应力作用下的运动规律。[结果]晶界位错的3个部分结果不同,处在中心位错以上的位错(第1部分)在剪切应力不断增大的过程中,会经过滑移,波动,最后沿柏氏矢量方向滑移过程;中心位错(第2部分)会经过滑移,波动,再滑移过程;中心位错以下的位错(第3部分)会先逆柏氏矢量方向滑移,然后改变运动方向进行攀移,最后回到第5个位错的初始位置后沿柏氏矢量滑移。[结论]当晶界位错受到外应力作用时,晶界会马上瓦解,外应力是导致晶界瓦解的主要因素。对比水平位错的晶界,斜排位错组成的晶界瓦解不具有对称性,每个位错的运动规律都各有特点。     

In situ observations of austenite grain growth in Fe-C-Mn-Si super bainitic steel

In situ observations of austenite grain growth in Fe-C-Mn-Si super bainitic steel were conducted on a high-temperature laser scanning confocal microscope during continuous heating and subsequent isothermal holding at 850, 1000, and 1100℃ for 30 min. A grain growth model was proposed based on experimental results. It is indicated that the austenite grain size increases with austenitizing temperature and holding time. When the austenitizing temperature is above 1100℃, the austenite grains grow rapidly, and abnormal austenite grains occur. In addition, the effect of heating rate on austenite grain growth was investigated, and the relation between austenite grains and bainite morphology after bainitic transformations was also discussed.     

高温应变下的晶界位错结构组态演化的晶体相场模拟

【目的】研究高温下晶体的晶界位错结构组态演化。【方法】采用晶体相场(PFC)方法模拟高温条件下小角对称倾侧晶界结构,研究施加x轴方向拉应变和y轴方向压应变作用下晶体的晶界位错的迁移、增殖和湮没。【结果】在施加应变的作用下,晶界位错迁移出晶界向晶粒内部移动,在位错增殖和湮没的过程中发生位错反应。【结论】位错增殖的本质是产生了分布于晶界两侧的对称位置数量相等且Burgers矢量总和为0的多组位错对。在晶界处新增殖的位错对,其左侧和右侧位错对的Burgers矢量之和分别不为0且方向相反。在位错增殖和湮没的过程中,样品的总Burgers矢量是守恒的,总是等于初始晶界处的位错组A的Burgers矢量。     

多晶铝力学行为的细观实验分析

本文用云纹法测量了高纯铝大晶粒多晶试样的细观变形场．观测了晶界滑错、晶体刚性转动、三晶交点处的变形和应变．实验发现，由于晶界滑错其附近存在着高剪应变差并引起晶粒内部变形场的细观不均匀，使Ｔａｙｌａｒ假设失效．实验结果为细观本构理论的研究提供了重要实验依据．     

砂带表面形貌测量与评价研究

采用非接触测量方法对锆刚玉砂带(P120,P320)与陶瓷氧化铝砂带(P120)三维形貌进行测量与评价.结果表明:锆刚玉砂带和陶瓷氧化铝砂带磨粒凸出高度分别呈正态分布、右偏态分布.锆刚玉砂带和陶瓷氧化铝砂带磨粒凸出面积均呈右偏态分布.磨粒凸出高度和凸出面积随磨料粒度的减小而减小,陶瓷氧化铝砂带磨粒凸出高度和凸出面积均小于同粒度锆刚玉砂带.砂带磨粒几何外形均近似呈球顶圆锥体.磨料粒度对磨粒球顶半径影响显著,即粒度越小,球顶半径越小,但对锥顶角影响不明显.同粒度的两种磨料砂带的磨粒球顶半径及锥顶角差异较大.     

优质稻穗部性状与农艺性状的相关性研究

对新育成的桂花香品系及目前广东优质稻生产中3个当家品种的主要穗部性状与农艺性状进行相关分析。研究表明，优质稻单株有效穗数与每穗实粒数呈极显著正相关。单株有效穗数、每穗总粒数、实粒数与冠层3片功能叶的叶宽、灌浆期叶面积指数（LAI）等显著或极显著的负相关；株高与千粒重呈极显著的正相关、与每穗实粒数和单株有效穗数呈负相关。试验结果说明，在一定株高范围内，适当增加冠层3片功能叶的叶宽、减小这3片功能叶的张角，同时增加叶面积指数、茎秆直径是优质稻株型改良的一个重点。     

Microstructure and electrical conductivity of 10% Yb-doped SrCeO3 ceramics

As a candidate material for hydrogen separation, Yb-doped SrCeO₃ has attracted increasing attention in recent decades. In the present study, Yb-doped SrCe_0.9Yb_0.1O_3-α ceramics were prepared by the dry pressing and sintering approach, with the microstructure evolution and the micro morphology investigated. It was indicated that the ceramics sintered in air were of a pure perovskite structure, and that the sintering temperature had a significant effect on the growth of ceramic grains. The average grain size increased from 1 ​μm to 10 ​μm with an increase in sintering temperature from 1300 to 1500 ​°C. Further investigation of the thermodynamics and kinetics of grain growth revealed that the grain boundary diffusion was the main driving force of grain growth during solid phase sintering, with a grain growth index of 4 and an activation energy of approximately 61.23 ​kJ ​mol⁻¹. These results illustrate an obvious tendency of grain size growth. By electrochemical workstation with different atmospheres the effects of sintering temperature on the conductivity were characterized in the temperature range of 700–900 ​°C. The electrical conductivities σ of SrCe_0.9Yb_0.1O_3-α ceramics in different atmospheres were as follows: σ(wet hydrogen) ​> ​σ(dry hydrogen) ​> ​σ(dry air) ​> ​σ(wet air). In the test atmosphere containing water and hydrogen the conductivity of protons increased with increasing temperature because of the protons jump between lattices in the form of interstitial hydrogen ions or bare protons.     

大晶粒多晶铝试样细观变形测量

用面内云纹和影像云纹相结合的方法，测量了高纯铝多晶大晶粒试样的细观变形场。观察记录了晶界滑错，晶粒刚体转动，三晶交点处变形场和应变场。由于晶界滑错在晶界两侧存在高剪应变差，晶粒内塑性变形由均匀到非均匀布，多晶体出现不稳定的塑性流动，直至破裂。