SPS烧结温度对93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金微观结构及性能的影响

以高能球磨法制备的93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe复合粉末为原料,采用放电等离子烧结技术制备93W--4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金,研究了烧结温度对钨合金微观组织及性能的影响.采用扫描电镜对试样的断口进行观察,采用能量色散谱仪对合金的组元进行成分分析.结果表明:①烧结温度对合金的性能有显著的影响,在1 350℃时钨合金的抗拉强度达到一个极大值,为981 MPa,此时钨合金的相对密度和W晶粒的尺寸分别为98.9%和5μm;②当烧结温度达到1375℃时,合金中Ni元素开始挥发,随着温度的快速上升,合金中Ni元素的挥发不断加剧,当烧结温度升高至1425℃时合金中Ni元素已完全挥发;③合金的断裂方式随着烧结温度的升高发生显著的变化,当烧结温度升至1350℃时钨合金的断裂方式由W晶粒界面分离向W-W、W-黏结相界面断裂转变,而当烧结温度超过此温度时钨合金的断裂方式又转变为W晶粒的沿晶脆性断裂;④SPS快速烧结能够有效抑制W晶粒的长大,促进钨合金的细晶强化作用.     

初始粉体状态对氧化铝/氧化锆纳米陶瓷烧结性能的影响

通过放电等离子体烧结(SPS),分别以纳米多晶粉体和非晶粉体作为原料制备了Al2O3-ZrO2纳米陶瓷复合材料,并研究了初始粉体状态对致密化过程和微观结构的影响。将纳米多晶粉体通过SPS烧结为致密的纳米块体,所需的最低烧结温度为1 400℃,所得产品的晶粒尺寸约为320nm;非晶粉体完全致密所需的SPS温度为1 200℃,所得产品的晶粒尺寸约为150nm。相比于纳米多晶粉体,非晶粉体可以在较低的温度下烧结成为致密纳米块体,我们将这一现象归结为非晶粉体在烧结中的相转变。这一发现为纳米陶瓷块体的低温烧结提供了新的思路。     

低温球磨制备纳米晶Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金

利用低温液氮球磨技术制备了Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金纳米晶粉末,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)对材料在球磨过程中的晶粒尺寸和微观应变进行了研究,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和差热分析(DSC)等测试方法研究了材料的固态相变以及热稳定性.研究表明,粉末晶粒尺寸随着球磨的进行逐渐减小,球磨10h后晶粒尺寸达到45nm;微观应变随着球磨的进行逐渐增大.粉末球磨过程中,MgZn2相逐渐减少,合金元素过饱和固溶于α-Al晶格之中.球磨10h后仅有少量的MgZn2相存在.制备的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu纳米晶粉末在低于709K下加热,粉末晶粒长大速度较慢,表明Al-Zn-Mg-Cu纳米晶粉末具有较高的热稳定性.     

放电等离子烧结制备Mg2-xNdxNi（x=0～0.3）储氢合金

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)工艺制备了Mg2-xNdxNi(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3)储氢合金.通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了合金的相结构和表面形貌,利用等容压差法分析测试了合金的压力--组成--温度(PCT)曲线和吸放氢动力学性能,研究了烧结温度、稀土元素Nd对储氢合金微观组织结构和储氢性能的影响,比较了SPS技术与真空感应熔炼法制备的Mg基合金组织结构和储氢性能的异同.结果表明:SPS制备的Mg2-xNdxNi(x=0～0.3)系列储氢合金具有多相结构,储氢合金的吸放氢动力学性能良好;Nd元素有利于Mg合金化,不利于储氢量;烧结温度对储氢量、PCT曲线平台性能有明显影响;当Mg2-xNdxNi系合金中含有Mg和NdMg12相,PCT曲线出现双平台现象;与铸态合金相比,SPS制备的Mg1.7Nd0.3Ni储氢合金的吸放氢动力学性能较好,但储氢容量、放氢率和PCT曲线平台性能更差.     

铜模吸铸法制备的Fe_(74)Al_4Sn_2(PSiBC)_(20)块体非晶与块体纳米晶合金

利用铜模吸铸法制备了直径Φ1.0mm和2.0mm的Fe74Al4Sn2(PSiBC)20块体非晶合金和直径2.0mm的Fe74Al4Sn2P10Si4B4C2块体纳米晶合金圆棒.利用X射线衍射、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和差热分析仪(DTA)对Fe74Al4Sn2(PSiBC)20块体非晶合金的结构和热性质进行了测定.该非晶合金系在凝固前能够获得较大的过冷度,并具有较高的约化玻璃转变温度Tg/Tm(Tg/T1).利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了制备态的Fe74Al4Sn2P10Si4B4C2纳米晶合金圆棒的结构,为非晶基体上均匀分布的尺寸10-20nm的α-Fe晶粒.合金凝固前获得较大的过冷度,较高的约化玻璃转变温度和多步晶相析出过程有利于获得块体纳米晶材料.铜模吸铸法既可制备块体非晶合金,也可制备块体纳米晶合金,是一种很有吸引力的制备块体非晶合金和块体纳米晶合金的方法,并进一步证实利用快速凝固法可以直接制备块体纳米材料.     

放电等离子烧结制备高强度奥氏体不锈钢

以AISI 304L奥氏体不锈钢粉体为原料,采用高能球磨与放电等离子烧结(SPS)的方式制备致密化块体材料,对球磨产物和烧结体进行物相、微观形貌分析,并对烧结体的密度、硬度及拉伸性能进行测试。研究结果表明:AISI304L不锈钢粉体经高能球磨得到奥氏体与马氏体双相纳米晶粉;经SPS 950℃烧结的样品为奥氏体组织,并具有较优异的力学性能,其致密度为99.11%,屈服强度为336 MPa,抗拉强度为609 MPa,硬度为212.4 HV0.1。     

低钼高铁纳米晶Fe—Ni—Mo合金电沉积工艺的研究

探讨了工艺条件及电解液组成对Fe-Ni-Mo合金组成的影响,得到制备低Mo高Fe含量纳米晶Fe-Ni-Mo合金的电解液组成和工艺条件.通过SEM、XRD和EDS对合金的表面形貌、微观结构的分析,结果表明:合金表面平整,结构致密,无孔洞及裂纹,晶粒属于纳米晶,晶粒尺寸为8.8 nm(111).合金为FeNi置换固溶体,面心立方晶体结构,呈现很强的(111)晶面择优取向.     

放电等离子烧结参数对Fe76Si9B10P5非晶合金致密化及晶化的影响

采用放电等离子烧结(Spark Plasma Sintering, SPS)方法,在不同的烧结温度、保温时间、升温速率和烧结压力下,固结Fe76Si9B10P5非晶粉末.用差式扫描量热仪测定了非晶粉末的过冷液相温区,用X-ray衍射方法分析了放电等离子烧结前后样品的相结构,研究了SPS法烧结参数对Fe76Si9B10P5非晶样品致密化及结晶化的影响,并在非晶粉末的玻璃转变温度以下快速烧结制备了尺寸为Ф15×3 mm的块体非晶合金,致密度达98.7%.     

放电等离子烧结快速凝固Al75Si25合金的组织及力学性能

高硅铝合金粗大的初晶硅严重影响其力学性能与机械加工性能.本文利用熔融纺丝快速凝固技术、球磨与放电等离子烧结相结合的方法制备了Al₇₅Si₂₅合金.研究发现,放电等离子烧结Al₇₅Si₂₅能够遗传其快速凝固组织的特点.500 MPa,320℃烧结条件可获得密度达到98%以上的块体,其初晶硅弥散分布,组织尺寸细小,具有超细晶粒特征.此外,硅元素过饱和固溶于α（Al）基体.维氏硬度值和抗压强度分别达到298 Hv和674 MPa,具有优异的力学性能.      

放电等离子烧结制备Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(2-δ)结构与电性能

采用溶胶凝胶方法制备Sm掺杂CeO2粉体材料,用放电等离子烧结(SPS)方法和常规烧结方法(CS)进行压片烧制,比较两种烧结方法对材料结构与性能的影响.通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)等手段对氧化物进行结构表征,交流阻抗谱测试电性能.结果表明,两种烧结方法所得样品均呈现单一的立方莹石结构;SPS烧结样品的晶粒尺寸和密度大于CS烧结样品,SPS烧结样品的晶粒电导率、晶界电导率及总电导率均高于CS烧结样品;550℃时SPS和CS烧结样品的总电导率分别为2.27 s/m和1.87 s/m.放电等离子烧结法是在较低温度下实现快速烧结,制备致密化固体电解质材料的一种有效方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has