基于微多普勒的锥体目标进动和结构参数估计

真假目标识别是弹道导弹防御的一大技术瓶颈,目标识别的正确与否在一定程度上决定了反导系统的成败.微动引起的雷达可观测量微多普勒特征包含了目标的运动、尺寸、形状等大量信息,因此微动特征是当前学术界公认的弹道中段目标识别的有效特征之一,对微动特征的提取为弹道导弹防御目标识别提供了新的解决手段.该文以旋转对称锥形目标为研究对象,根据散射中心理论以及攻防对抗条件,推导了目标两个等效散射中心的位置与回波模型,建立了基于滑动型散射中心的锥体目标进动模型.分析了目标的结构参数与雷达回波微多普勒参数的显式关系,推导出微多普勒随时间变化的解析表达式.结合弹道中段目标识别等应用背景,提出了基于TFDHough变换的联合参数估计的方法.该方法综合两个散射中心的微多普勒参数,联合求解二者的参数空间,对进动和结构参数进行估计.仿真结果表明目标回波的微多普勒时频曲线与解析微多普勒曲线吻合,所提联合参数估计方法可准确估计进动角、进动频率、锥体高度、锥底半径等进动和结构参数.     

基于宽窄带微多普勒融合的锥体目标三维重构

目标三维特征包含更为精细的结构和微动信息,以锥体弹头为研究对象,提出了一种基于宽、窄带混合体制雷达组网的锥体目标三维重构方法。首先建立锥体目标进动模型,详细分析了目标在不同体制雷达回波中的微多普勒调制特性,然后,使用改进的viterbi算法和最小二乘法对各散射中心的幅相信息进行提取和估计,并通过灰色关联度分析实现非理想散射中心的匹配。在此基础上,构建宽、窄带微多普勒信息融合方程组,解算出锥体目标的进动和结构参数,进而确定目标空间位置,实现三维重构。仿真结果表明,在信噪比为5dB情况下,目标的三维重构精度在91%左右。     

目标微运动与宽带雷达散射特性

针对弹道中段目标的雷达特征信号难以实测的问题,建立了弹道微运动目标雷达特征信号仿真模型.通过分析弹道目标微运动特性推导出锥旋运动方程.阐述了宽带目标散射特性的基本物理意义,给出了锥形目标进动的雷达散射截面计算公式和动态目标宽带电磁散射剖分建模方法.利用提出的模型对微运动目标的雷达特征信号进行了仿真分析,仿真结果验证了模型的正确性.     

锥柱体弹道目标遮挡效应分析

针对锥柱体弹道目标观测过程中存在的遮挡效应,探究遮挡区与可视区分界线在弹道目标上的具体位置,提出一种判断散射中心是否处于遮挡状态的方法。在窄带雷达观测的条件下,建立锥柱体弹道目标滑动散射中心模型,分析各散射中心的微多普勒特性。通过对目标遮挡成因进行研究,分析遮挡区与可视区分界线的具体位置,并提出一种判断散射中心是否处于遮挡状态的方法。仿真结果表明:理想散射中心与滑动散射中心微多普勒存在一定差异,遮挡效应会导致微多普勒出现截断现象且不同观测视角下遮挡效应对散射中心的影响不同。     

基于多视角距离像的弹道目标三维微动特征提取

针对现有估计方法提取散射点类型单一以及工程实现较为困难的问题,提出了一种基于组网雷达的多视角距离像提取三维进动特征方法。利用雷达网中各雷达多视角观测弹道目标,提取目标的距离像序列信号,求得最强2散射点在雷达视线上的投影长度,提取目标投影长度随时间变化的关系,利用最小二乘估计对关系式中的参数进行估计。运用组网雷达的多视角特性,根据不同视线方向上不同进动角频率的投影分量,提取目标三维微动特征。计算机仿真验证了提取方法的可行性与有用性,估计效果达到预期目的。     

基于Gabor变换的微动目标微多普勒分析与仿真

由于目标微动特征信号具有非线性和非平稳的特点,为有效提取雷达目标的微动特征,为雷达目标的分类与识别提供依据,在单频信号体制下,以旋转散射点目标为例,基于时频分析的方法提取了旋转目标的微多普勒信息,通过仿真验证,得到了微动目标的微多普勒特征,比较了几种常见时频分析工具的变换结果及性能差异.仿真结果表明,Gabor变换方法在微动目标微多普勒提取方面是可行而稳健的,Gabor变换的巨大潜力将为微动目标特征识别提供新的途径.     

弹道目标雷达微动特征提取与识别研究综述

弹道目标雷达微动特征提取与识别是雷达目标识别领域的重要研究方向之一。在简要阐述弹道目标识别重要研究价值的基础上，结合国内外研究现状，从点散射模型、滑动散射模型、属性散射中心模型等出发，总结了现有的弹道目标微动回波建模方法，进一步分别从单基、双基、多基等不同雷达观测视角出发，梳理了弹道目标微动特征提取与成像方法，对基于人工特征和传统分类器、及基于深度学习的弹道目标分类识别方法进行了总结，最后对弹道目标雷达微动特征提取与识别方向的技术难点和未来发展趋势进行了分析与展望。     

基于EMD算法的空间自旋目标平动补偿与微动特征提取

针对微多普勒频率附加在空间目标高速轨道运动产生的多普勒频移上使微动特征提取更加困难这一问题,提出了一种利用EMD算法对空间目标进行精确平动补偿和微多普勒特征提取的方法。对空间自旋目标进行建模,推导了窄带雷达条件下空间目标的微多普勒效应,并分析了平动分量对微多普勒的影响;把目标回波分解成一系列本征模态函数(IMF),然后求出瞬时频率,利用经验模型分解(EMD)算法对瞬时频率进行分解,分析各分量的能量百分比判别平动频移分量,实现回波信号的平动补偿;对平动补偿后的信号利用 EMD算法分离出微多普勒曲线,提取微动特征。仿真实验验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。     

基于微动散射点分离的角闪烁抑制方法

针对近程毫米波雷达中目标角闪烁引起的测角误差问题,提出了一种基于微多普勒效应的多散射点分离角闪烁抑制方法.建立了多散射点目标的微多普勒回波模型,利用不同微动散射点微多普勒谱的区别,给出了一种基于重排平滑伪魏格纳维尔分布( Reassign smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution,RSPWVD)的多散射点角度信号分离和测量方法,研究了基于散射点回波幅度自适应融合加权的角闪烁抑制方法.仿真结果表明,此种方法能够有效抑制毫米波连续波雷达与微动目标在近距离的测角误差.     

基于距离最近原则的微多普勒曲线分离和特征提取

为了分离微动目标的微多普勒曲线,提取有效的特征参数,提出了一种基于距离最近原则的微多普勒曲线分离和特征提取方法。首先建立了双基地雷达滑动散射点的微动模型,分析了微多普勒特性,然后采用Hough变换剔除锥顶正弦曲线,通过距离最近原则分离出锥底散射点的非正弦微多普勒曲线,对分离出的非正弦曲线求最大值和最小值计算出振幅。通过仿真,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that