利用十二肽库筛选心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白特异性的亲和配体

采用噬菌体表面展示十二肽库对心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白（H FABP）特异性亲和配体进行筛选, 经3轮筛选及序列比对后得到一个酶联免疫测定分析 (ELISA)检测阳性特征序列： W P N H H M L H K R W P. 对此序列进行肽合成, 并标记上荧光标记物芘, 经高效液相纯化、 冻干及质谱确定其分子量后制成荧光肽探针检测急性心肌梗塞病人血样, 结果均呈阳性. 结果表明, 所获得的肽探针具有较好的临床应用效果.心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白; 噬菌体表面展示十二肽库; 亲和配体; 酶联免疫测定分析     

冬泳运动对大鼠骨骼肌解偶联蛋白基因表达的影响

探讨不同温度、时间的游泳运动对大鼠骨骼肌UCP基因表达的变化情况。用32只SD大鼠随机分为安静组A、3 min游泳组B、30 min游泳组C和冬泳组D,每组8只。3 min游泳组和30 min游泳组的游泳水温为22℃。冬泳组逐渐降温后维持水温在8℃,时间为3 min。通过大鼠骨四头肌RNA电泳、RT-PCR反应结果来测定骨骼肌UCP基因的表达情况。C、D组UCP mRNA表达极显著地高于A、B组(p0.01),D组UCP mRNA表达极显著地高于C组(p0.01)。冬泳大鼠骨骼肌UCP基因表达升高,说明大鼠机体在外界低温的刺激下发生了诱导上调反应。     

水稻泛素缀合酶基因OsUbc13的分子特征和蛋白互作研究

研究目的：通过研究水稻泛素缀合酶基因OsUbc13的序列特征、表达模式、亚细胞定位模式及其互作分子,为深入研究该基因的生物学功能和分子作用机理奠定基础。创新要点：首次对植物Ubc13进行了亚细胞定位研究及蛋白互作研究。研究方法：通过序列比对及聚类分析进行OsUbc13的序列特征研究;通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（PCR）进行OsUbc13的表达模式分析;通过聚乙二醇（PEG）介导转化烟草BY-2原生质体进行OsUbc13亚细胞定位研究（见图4）;通过酵母双杂交进行OsUbc13的蛋白质互作分析（见图5和表1）。重要结论：OsUbc13编码具有153个氨基酸的蛋白质,其推断的氨基酸序列与其它同源序列具有很高的相似性;该基因在水稻各组织中均有表达,其中内稃、雌蕊、雄蕊和叶片中的表达量较高,而根、茎和外稃中的表达量较低;低温、甲基磺酸甲酯（MMS）和过氧化氢（H2O2）胁迫处理使胚性愈伤中OsUbc13的表达量显著上调,甘露醇、脱落酸（ABA）和氯化钠（NaCl）胁迫则使愈伤组织中该基因的表达量降低;OsUbc13与绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的融合蛋白表达于质膜和核膜处;酵母双杂交结果表明约有20个蛋白可能与OsUbc13存在相互作用,其中OsVDAC（与细胞凋亡有关）、OsMADS1（与花器官发育有关）、OsB22EL8（与活性氧清除及DNA 保护有关）和OsCROC-1（为Lys63聚合泛素链形成及运行无误性DNA 损伤耐受机制所必需）四个蛋白经验证确与OsUbc13互作。     

新型PCV2衣壳融合蛋白在HEK293F细胞瞬时表达研究

猪圆环病毒2型（Porcine Circovirus type 2,PCV2）衣壳（Capsid）蛋白是制备抗猪圆环2型病毒亚单位疫苗的有效免疫抗原,能在大肠杆菌及杆状病毒/昆虫细胞表达系统中获得表达,然而在哺乳细胞中的表达研究仍然缺乏。瞬时表达条件考察结果显示,采用宿主HEK293F细胞及PEI-40kDa转染试剂能获得35%病毒PCV2 Capsid基因细胞转染效率。转染试剂PEI(Polyethylenimine)与DNA比例差异会影响复合物形成大小及形态,复合物形成15～80 nm颗粒有利于转染效率的提高。实验以免疫逃逸型猪圆环病毒2b型NDSU41513病毒株,设计了新型PCV2 Capsid (△1-41aa)-Fc(pig) protein(PCFP)分子。在3 L反应器中成功实现了HEK293F细胞瞬时表达PCFP,表达水平达到3.8 mg/L。PCFP蛋白能够自主装形成约为41 nm类病毒颗粒,诱导小鼠机体内产生强烈的体液免疫反应,具有很高的应用潜力。     

黄连生物碱治疗糖尿病——解偶联蛋白2

用不同浓度(4.00,2.00,1.00,0.50和0.25 mg/L)的黄连生物碱(黄连碱、小檗碱、表小檗碱、巴马汀)处理肝癌细胞(HepG2),应用HPLC和蛋白质印迹技术检测黄连生物碱在HepG2细胞中的吸收及黄连生物碱对解偶联蛋白2(UCP2)表达的影响.同一浓度下,HepG2细胞内黄连碱的浓度最高,小檗碱次之,其余生物碱含量较低;UCP2的表达量,黄连碱组最高、小檗碱次之,且随着黄连碱浓度和表小檗碱浓度的不断增加,细胞内UCP2相对表达量也增加,其它两组对UCP2表达影响不明显.黄连碱与小檗碱可以促进线粒体UCP2的表达且与治疗糖尿病并发症相关联.     

多反应监测结合重组蛋白和18O同位素标记对脂肪合成代谢通路进行蛋白质相对定量的新方法

建立了多反应监测结合肽段串联体蛋白（concatamers of Q peptides,QconCATs）和¹⁸O同位素标记对脂肪合成代谢通路的蛋白质进行相对定量的新方法.挑选待检测蛋白的特异性肽段构建QconCAT质粒并将其转化导入大肠杆菌体系后进行表达.通过优化对QconCAT蛋白的酶切条件及考察¹⁸O标记效率.建立脂肪合成代谢通路蛋白多反应监测的蛋白质相对新定量方法,并对肥胖大鼠与正常大鼠脂肪代谢通路的蛋白质进行定量分析.结果发现脂肪合成通路的丙二酸单酰辅酶A-ACP转移酶,烯酰-ACP还原酶表达量均有显著上升（P<0.05）.该结论与之前报道肥胖相关的文献结果吻合,证明了本方法在定量生物样品应用中的可靠性.     

B2SINE RNA和HEXIM1蛋白相互作用的研究

构建了带FLAG多肽标签的hHEXIM1( HMBA-inducible protein 1)蛋白真核表达载体,在人胚胎肾细胞(human embryonic kidney 293 cells,HEK293 cells)中检测蛋白表达正确后,将该质粒转入小鼠的成纤维细胞(NIH3T3细胞)中,进行anti-FLAG的免...     

三种蝙蝠线粒体解偶联蛋白2（UCP2）基因的克隆和进化分析

根据几种哺乳动物UCP2基因的保守区设计一对简并引物,扩增马铁菊头蝠（Rhinolophus ferrumequinum）、长翼蝠（Miniopterus fuliginosus）和犬蝠（Cynopterus sphinx）的UCP2基因的全部编码区序列.测序结果表明,三种蝙蝠UCP2编码区全长930 bp,编码309个氨基酸,推测的氨基酸序列包含线粒体内膜载体蛋白的3个特征结构及解偶联蛋白（UCPs）的特征序列.序列分析表明,蝙蝠与其它哺乳动物UCP2的氨基酸推导序列有很高的同源性,为90.6%~97.0%.进化分析表明,UCP2基因在哺乳动物中进化过程中非常保守,受到强烈的纯化选择压力作用（ω=0.063）.Branch-specific 模型分析表明,UCP2基因在蝙蝠支系与其它不能飞行的哺乳动物、冬眠蝙蝠与非冬眠蝙蝠的进化过程所受到的选择压力无明显差异（P>0.05）.这说明在整个哺乳动物进化过程中UCP2对其能量代谢的调控均起到了重要作用.然而,UCP2如何参与哺乳动物能量调控仍有待于进一步研究.     

孕激素相关子宫内膜蛋白在胃癌早期诊断、预后中的作用

为使用生物信息学系统分析孕激素相关子宫内膜蛋白(Progestagen-associated endometrial protein, PAEP)在胃癌中的早期诊断和预后预测性能及免疫浸润相关性,该研究构建预测模型ROC曲线和偏差校正曲线检验其性能准确性,并通过细胞实验进一步验证分析结果.生信分析结果显示,与正常组织相比,胃癌组织中PAEP的表达较高,在早期（T1期、N0期、M0期）即有统计学意义（P＜0.001）,且诊断胃癌的准确性较高（ROC曲线下面积为0.889）;PAEP高表达的胃癌患者预后较差（P≤0.001）;TNM分期越晚,年龄越大,PAEP表达越高,胃癌患者生存概率越低,偏差校正曲线接近理想曲线（45°线）,显示预测结果良好;PAEP的表达与胃癌中的中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞的浸润水平呈正相关趋势,与B细胞、中央记忆型T细胞、T细胞呈显著的负相关趋势.qRT-PCR和Western blot结果显示,HGC-27、BGC-823、MKN-45、SGC-7901和AGS细胞中PAEP基因转录水平和蛋白表达水平均显著高于GES-1. 结果表明了PAEP 蛋白可用于胃癌诊断和预后的生物标志物,并进行了实验验证,其机制与免疫有关.     

茶多酚EGCG对小鼠棕色脂肪代谢的影响

 随着对棕色脂肪组织（BAT）在成人体内具有生物学功能的肯定,棕色脂肪已经成为当今医学研究的热点。采用动物实验、病理组织学方法及免疫组化,观察了表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）对棕色脂肪代谢的影响。结果表明,在体重和鼠龄相近时,不同种属小鼠肩甲间棕色脂肪组织HE 染色后的形态不同,C57BL/6 脂肪细胞中的空泡大,胞浆含量少,BALB/c 小鼠脂肪细胞中的空泡小,胞浆含量多,昆明小鼠居中。给昆明小鼠口服不同剂量EGCG 后,150 mg/kg EGCG 能降低小鼠体重的增长,降低附睾周围白色脂肪组织的重量,但没有统计学意义。同时,EGCG 能降低棕色脂肪细胞内脂肪含量,增加胞浆含量,具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。免疫组化结果表明,EGCG 能增加棕色脂肪细胞内脱偶联蛋白1（UCP1）的表达,增加能量代谢。因此,不同种属小鼠的BAT 具有不同的组织形态学特点,这为研究BAT 小鼠的选择提供了依据;EGCG 能够调节小鼠棕色脂肪的代谢功能,这为进一步研究作用机制打下了基础,同时为茶叶在脂肪代谢方面的调节提供了一种新的思路和依据。     

Superoxide activates mitochondrial uncoupling proteins.

Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) diverts energy from ATP synthesis to thermogenesis in the mitochondria of brown adipose tissue by catalysing a regulated leak of protons across the inner membrane. The functions of its homologues, UCP2 and UCP3, in other tissues are debated. UCP2 and UCP3 are present at much lower abundance than UCP1, and the uncoupling with which they are associated is not significantly thermogenic. Mild uncoupling would, however, decrease the mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species, which are important mediators of oxidative damage. Here we show that superoxide increases mitochondrial proton conductance through effects on UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3. Superoxide-induced uncoupling requires fatty acids and is inhibited by purine nucleotides. It correlates with the tissue expression of UCPs, appears in mitochondria from yeast expressing UCP1, and is absent in skeletal muscle mitochondria from UCP3 knockout mice. Our findings indicate that the interaction of superoxide with UCPs may be a mechanism for decreasing the concentrations of reactive oxygen species inside mitochondria.     

3-甲基组氨酸三室模型在研究猪骨骼肌蛋白质降解中的应用

3-甲基组氨酸(3MH)主要是动物骨胳肌蛋白分解代谢产物，它不能再用于合成蛋白，因而3MH是研究动物骨胳肌蛋白降解率的一个可行示踪物．将标记的3MH经颈静脉注射，对血液中的同位素丰度进行观测，再根据猪体内3MH代谢特点，构建出猪骨胳肌蛋白降解的三分域模型．本文着重对该模型的的理论基础进行了讨论。     

Sequences and polymorphisms of exons 3 and 4 in porcine UCP2 gene

Uncoupling proteins are mitochondrial membrane transporters, which regulate metabolic pathways of energy balance, and are associated with biological traits of animal body weight, resting metabolic rates and energy conversion. In this study, a region of the exons 3 and 4 of pig UCP2 gene was cloned and analyzed, and a new single nucleotide polymorphic site was detected by PCR-SSCP in five pig breeds. This newfound polymorphism results from a T to G substitution at the position of nucleotide 272, which is located in intron3.     

绿色荧光蛋白基因在大黄鱼体内的表达

以绿色荧光蛋白基因为报告基因，以pIRESnco为载体质粒，制备含有报告基因的质粒，以肌肉注射的方式导入大黄鱼体内，每隔一周用荧光显微镜观察绿色荧光蛋白基因在鱼体不同部位的表达情况。结果表明，绿色荧光蛋白基因可以大黄鱼体内得到表达，表达时间高达28d以上。绿色荧光蛋白基因不仅可以在肌肉注射部都组织细胞得到表达，而且在其它部位的肌肉、肝脏、肾脏和心脏等组织中也有表达，但表达水平低于肌肉注射部位组织。     

Genetic analysis on 3′- terminal flanking region of uncoupling protein 3 in different pig breeds

The 3′-terminal flanking region of porcine uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) was cloned, the sequence data revealed 15 nucleotide substitutions among Landrace and three Chinese native pig breeds named Neijiang, Minpig and Erhualian. The continuous 9 polymorphic sites were checked by PCR-RFLP, the results indicatedthat Erhualian had extraordinary gene frequency, presented most significant difference by χ2 test compared with Landrace, Largewhite, Neijiang and Minpig respectively, significant level compared with Meishan; and Meishan also had significant difference compared with Landrace and Minpig respectively. These results canbe concluded that Taihu pigs have special genetic characteristics among pig breeds.     

急性运动中骨骼肌线粒体氧化应激机制研究

以SD大鼠3级递增负荷跑台运动为实验模型,分别选取安静态和运动45,90,120,150 min为实验观察点,测定其骨骼肌线粒体活性氧(ROS)生成、脂质过氧化水平(MDA)和UCP-3mRNA及蛋白表达.实验结果表明:运动过程中ROS生成呈先上升后下降的趋势,运动120 min时达到峰值,运动150 min时下降并具有显著性,其中运动45,90,120,150 min时均较安静时显著性升高;线粒体MDA含量总体呈上升趋势,但变化无显著性;运动过程中UCP-3mRNA和蛋白表达水平总体呈上升趋势,其中UCP-3mRNA在运动90,120,150 min时均较安静时呈显著性升高,而蛋白表达水平相对滞后一个时间段,在运动120,150 min时较安静时呈显著性增高.运动中线粒体ROS生成显著增加,但MDA水平无明显变化,这可能是运动中抗氧化能力提高,足以清除线粒体产生的过多ROS所致.运动中UCP-3表达的增加减少了线粒体ROS生成及其引发的氧化损伤.在ROS大量生成的情况下未发现线粒体有明显的脂质过氧化损伤,提示ROS在运动中可能具有重要的生理意义,而不仅仅是造成损伤.     

解偶联蛋白家族成员UCP2

线粒体有人体的能量库之称,人体中80％的能量由线粒体生成。解偶联蛋白作为线粒体内膜质子转运蛋白,通过解偶联作用可以降低膜电势,形成质子漏,使得解偶联蛋白具有不同于其他蛋白的作用,而其中UCP2在近年的研究中倍受关注,本文将对UCP2的作用、特点与一些疾病的关系作以阐述。     

Differential expression analysis and regulatory network reconstruction for genes associated with muscle growth and adipose deposition in obese and lean pigs

During the growth and development of skeletal muscle cells and adipose cells, the regulatory mechanism of micro-effect polygenes determines porcine meat quality, carcass characteristics and other relative quantitative traits. Obese and lean type pig breeds show obvious differences in muscle growth and adipose deposition; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenotypic variation remains unknown. We used pathway-focused oligo microarray studies to examine the expression changes of 140 genes associated with muscle growth and adipose deposition in longissimus dorsi muscle at six growth stages （birth, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months） of Landrace （a leaner, Western breed） and Taihu pigs （a fatty, indigenous, Chinese breed）. Variance analysis （ANOVA） revealed that differences in the expression of 18 genes in Landrace pigs and three genes in Taihu pigs were very significant （FDR-adjusted permutation, P 〈 0.01） and differences for 22 genes in Landrace pigs and seven genes in Taihu pigs were significant （FDR-adjusted permutation, P 〈 0.05） among six growth stages. Clustering analysis revealed a high level of significance （FDR-adjusted, P 〈 0.01） for four gene expression patterns, in which genes that strongly up-regulated were mainly associated with the positive regulation of myofiber formation and fatty acid biogenesis and genes that strongly down-regulated were mainly associated with the inhibition of cell proliferation and positive regulation of fatty acid β-oxidation. Based on a dynamic Bayesian network （DBN） model, gene regulatory networks （GRNs） were reconstructed from time-series data for each pig breed. These two GRNs initially revealed the distinct differences in physiological and biochemical aspects of muscle growth and adipose deposition between the two pig breeds; from these results, some potential key genes could be identified. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR （QRT-PCR） was used to verify the microarray data for five modulated genes, and a good correlation between     

Analysis of fibroblast proteins from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common and severe form of the muscular dystrophies, is an X-linked inborn error of metabolism with multiple tissue involvement. Although the major pathological changes are observed in skeletal muscle, abnormalities have also been detected in the heart, nervous system, red blood cells, lymphocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts. For many reasons, such as readily available tissue material, fewer secondary changes and the potential for prenatal diagnosis, cultured skin fibroblasts should be the tissue of choice to search for the primary defect. Several abnormalities have been reported in DMD fibroblasts, suggesting that the genetic abnormality is expressed in these cells. To search for potentially mutant protein(s) we have compared the protein composition of normal and DMD fibroblasts by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and have now found one protein spot consistently missing in DMD cells. The nature of this protein and its relation to the DMD gene are unknown.