试谈《三国演义》人物塑造的对比和衬托手法

大家知道,我国优秀古典长篇历史小说《三国演义》在艺术上取得了极大成就。这部小说写了魏、蜀、吴三国鼎立之前和鼎立之后直至三国归晋的一系列的矛盾和斗争,其中,有军事的,也有政治的,但在作者笔下却是围绕着一个中心,以彼此联系和照应的笔法,写了一个又一个惊心动魄的场面,塑造了四百多个人物。小说里,几乎每个场面都写得激动人心,细腻生动;每个人物都塑造得个性鲜明、栩栩如生。所以能达到这样的艺术效果,乃是《三国演义》的作者,在塑造人物时,除了运用其它艺术手法外,还善于运用对比和衬托手法的缘故。     

“三言二拍”与《一千零一夜》商人形象之比较

"三言二拍"与<一千零一夜>诞生于两个不同的国度,在描写商业发展盛况方面有着异曲同工之妙,而所塑造的商人形象却存在明显差异:如中国商人的儒商文人之气与阿拉伯商人的市民习气;中国商人的重义与阿拉伯商人的重利;中国商人的谨慎稳重与阿拉伯商人的大胆冒险;中国商人致富后谋求政治势力,偏好于由富到贵的转型,而阿拉伯商则偏重物质生活的享乐等.这些差异有着深刻的社会文化根源.     

浅论《离骚》塑造人物形象的艺术

抒情诗一般不具备人物形象。《离骚》是抒情诗,却为我们展现了以诗人自我形象为中心包括群小、楚王等人组成的群像图。这显然与《离骚》独特的艺术手法分不开。本文认为,《离骚》通过了四方面的艺术完成了其人物形象的塑造:①通过对比,表现人物特征;②随矛盾发展,写性格变化;③用花草比兴,透视人物内心;④用虚幻境界,展示人物不同侧面。     

《围城》中人物命名与其性格命运背反关系研究

在《围城》中,钱钟书在人物命名与人物的性格命运特征上存在着某些背反的设计处理。通过对小说人物命名与其性格命运的恶性背反,达到对现代社会中某一类人毫不容情、不留情面的揭露和讽刺;通过对人物命名与其性格命运的中性背反,对这一部分人进行"有情"的讽刺;通过对小说人物命名和人物性格命运的良性背反,更多的是对这类人寄予期盼和希望。这种"含而不露"的表达方式和精细缜密的人物塑造隐含了创作者对中国传统文化的担忧和希冀,有着深刻的思想内涵和审美价值。     

亨利·詹姆斯小说中的女性群像分析

亨利·詹姆斯的小说大部分以"国际题材"为创作主题,塑造了栩栩如生的女性人物形象,在叙述技巧上大胆突破常规,开拓了心理现实主义小说的文学领域.亨利·詹姆斯小说代表作品中的女性群像按文化地域分,可以分为美国文化女性形象、欧洲文化女性形象、欧化了的美国女性形象;按人物特性分类,可分为天真无知型女性、高雅型女性、表里不一型女性等.     

创造具有复杂性格的“活人”——论茅盾小说的人物形象塑造

人物形象的创造,是小说创作的中心。现代文学巨匠茅盾,就十分重视小说的形象塑造。他提出过创作以人物为“本位”论,把人物形象塑造“尊为第一义”。①关于他自己的创作,则说过:“‘人’——是我写小说时的第一目标。”②由此可以见出形象塑造在他创作中的位置。对于形象的具体要求,茅盾提出过一系列精辟见解,其中最重要的是创造“活人”的主张。他认为,小说描写的不是“‘标本式’的人物”或“纸剪的傀儡”,提倡“写出来的人物是立体的复杂性的活人。”③这就对形象创造提出了很高的要求,包含了极丰富的内容。茅盾的创作就是遵循这一原则,从而为小说的形象塑造提供了重要经验的。在这篇短文里,不可能对此作全面阐述,只能着重就表现性格的复杂性谈一些粗浅的认识。     

从斯多克芒到魏连殳:迷途同归的"精神反叛"者

斯多芒和魏连殳分别是易卜生和鲁迅笔下的人物,他们虽然身处不同的社会环境,却都以极强的"精神反叛"气度示人,是为自由、真理而战的斗士,最后不约而同地遭遇了失败.本文试图通过比较这两位主人公及两部作品,剖析不同社会文化与时代背景下、不同作家塑造的人物反抗失败的原因,并进一步对比两位作家的思想与创作个性,以揭示人物塑造同中含异的外在表现与内在必然.     

论《尤利西斯》中的现实主义

意识流大师乔伊斯的代表作品<尤利西斯>虽然采用了意识流手法来塑造人物、表现主旨,致使人们将其中的现代主义成分绝对化,但是,它无论从人物塑造、结构安排还是从语言上,都是对生活最真实的再现.因此,对其中的现实主义持否定态度是不科学的.     

明清时代的鄱阳商业与商人

文章利用方志与墓志中的商业与商人史料,分析了明清时代鄱阳县本地商业状况与外来商帮构成,以及鄱阳商人的经营行业和商贸地域.透过商人的传记资料,可以看到士人为商人写传,大力肯定商人的志业,商人则高度认同士人所代表的儒学主流价值观;方志为商人立传,商人为桑梓与国家效力,体现的是士商之间、商人与国家和社会之间相得益彰、"美美与共"的良性互动.     

浅议《老残游记》的艺术创新

《老残游记》中的人物大都个性鲜明,它对人物形象塑造所取得的成就,有着特殊的意义。《老残游记》在中国小说发展史上打破了传统章回小说以故事情节为中心的结构模式,是第一部运用第三人称限制叙事的长篇小说；同时,也是第一部舍弃情节、追求情趣的作品。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the