毛竹碱性亚硫酸钠-蒽醌制浆的研究

<正>试验结果表明:亚硫酸钠对总碱(均以氧化钠计)最佳比率为0.85,总碱量为18％(以氧化钠计),蒽醌用量0.05％,液比为1:4,在最高温度(170℃)制浆时间需要3.5h,粗浆得率42～45％(比传统的硫酸盐法纸浆得率高4～6％)和卡伯值17～25,碱性亚硫酸钠-蒽醌制得竹浆的物理强度性质相当于硫酸盐竹浆的强度。     

微波辐射硫酸盐-蒽醌法麦草制浆研究

密闭条件下用微波辐射进行麦草硫酸盐蒽醌法制浆,通过不同药品用量、液比和微波功率的单因素实验.当用碱量为14％、硫化度为2％、液比1∶7、功率450 W时,纸浆得率在50.08％,卡伯值在18.19左右.实验为微波辐射用于传统制浆工艺奠定了一定的实践基础.     

马尾松化学预热机械浆镁碱过氧化氢漂白

研究了用镁碱代替钠碱的马尾松化学预热机械浆（CTMP）浆过氧化氢漂白工艺及其对纸浆性能的影响,分析了镁碱和钠碱过氧化氢漂白废液对环境的影响.试验结果表明,马尾松CTMP浆镁碱漂白过氧化氢的最佳漂白工艺条件为：H2O2体积浓度为4%,Mg（OH）2质量浓度为1.2%,Na2SiO3质量浓度为1.5%、漂白温度为80℃、漂白时间为120 min,其白度可至63.5%（ISO）,而经钠碱漂白后纸浆的白度值为61.4%（ISO）.镁碱过氧化氢漂白废液化学耗氧量（CODcr）为193.6 g/L,比钠碱过氧化氢漂白废液化学耗氧量（CODcr=312.86 g/L）降低了38.12%.     

意大利杨纤维形态和化学组成的研究

<正>用投影显微镜测定了意大利杨木(I—214、I—72、I—63、I—69)的纤维长度、宽度、壁厚和腔宽,其结果为:纤维长度1040—1130微米,宽度22—24微米,长宽比45—47,壁厚2.38—3.06微米,腔宽10.92—13.88微米,壁腔比0.37—0.49。分析了四种意大利杨木的化学组成,其结果为:灰分0.52—1.03％,热水抽出物2.14—3.45％,苯-醇抽出物1.84—2.24％,1％氢氧化钠抽出物17.84—21.88％,木素22.37—23.40％,酸溶木素1.72—2.38％,综纤维素77.35—80.62％和戊聚糖24.48—27.17％。 从纤维形态看,意大利杨木纤维较短,但是纤维的长宽比较大和壁腔比较小,从化学组成看,意大利杨木的综纤维素含量较高,木素含量较低,蒸煮时碱消耗低,生产化学浆的得率较高,得到的纸浆易漂白。因此,意大利杨木是制浆造纸较好的原料。     

最新科技成果专利技术转让项目(第11辑)

098 低成本无污染麦秸稻草造纸制浆新技术 该技术打破了原蒸球制浆工艺及配方,不用蒽醒,不用蒸球,改用地池,低温蒸煮,不加搅拌,并采用新型制浆助剂,减少用碱量8％,降低制浆成本30％,而且达到治污目的。产生的黑液深度低、色泽浅,可循环利用。根据产量大小,建几个水泥池就能解决根本问题,经处理后的水清晰、无任何污染,各项指标均低于国家标准。经环保部门多次取样化验,其《水质、固体样品监测结果报告》如下:COD 432mg/c; pH值6.86;悬浮物27.3mg/L(重量法)。经粉碎后的纸浆经漂白软     

桉树制浆造纸性能的研究(第一报)——雷州半岛四种桉树硫酸盐法和烧碱—蒽醌法制浆试验

分析了雷州半岛四种桉树(柠檬桉、窿缘桉、雷林1号桉、草律桉)的化学成份并测定了它们的纤维形态。 我们对四种桉树的硫酸盐法制浆性能进行了初步的探讨,结果表明了纸浆得率明显地按下列顺序下降:柠檬桉,草律桉,雷林1号桉,窿缘桉。其中柠檬桉的制浆性能较好,而窿缘桉则不适宜于制浆造纸。 在此基础上,对柠檬桉又采用了烧碱—蒽醌法和硫酸盐—蒽醌法制浆进行了一系列的试验,并找到了烧碱—蒽醌法的最佳工艺条件。对醌型添加剂在碱法制浆中加速脱木素和提高得率的作用机理亦作了评述。     

关于棉短绒蒸煮均一性的研究

本文通过以棉短绒为原料的制浆实验,对蒸煮后浆料的外观形状和聚合度的测定分析,指出棉短绒纤维原料蒸煮过程中存在着不均一性的问题及其对质量的影响,并扼要地提出了改进的措施。     

意大利杨木制浆造纸性能的研究——碱性亚硫酸钠-蒽醌法

<正>一、前言 碱性亚硫酸钠制浆方法使用氢氧化钠和亚硫酸钠为蒸煮液。其优点是:纸浆得率高,易漂白,纸浆的强度性能与硫酸盐浆相接近,并且不会产生硫酸盐蒸煮及回收系统所散发的恶臭硫化物,等等。因此,近年来国内外采用碱性亚硫酸钠制浆方法,对针阔叶木、芦竹、麦草等进行了一些试验研究。 碱性亚硫酸钠法蒸煮温度一般要比硫酸盐法高10—15℃,化学品用量也要高20％(或者蒸煮时间延长5倍)。最近发现,蒽醌在碱性亚硫酸钠法蒸煮中具有加速脱木素催化作用,因此,上述缺点可以通过添加蒽醌来弥补。 本试验以意大利杨木为原料,研究了碱性亚硫酸钠一蒽醌法制浆条件及其对浆质量和得率的影响规律。     

用阔叶材生产纸浆和回收木糖的研究——Ⅱ.柠檬桉木片稀硫酸预水解最佳工艺条件和硫酸盐制浆

<正>本文研究了稀硫酸预水解过程中不同硫酸浓度、温度和水解时间对柠檬桉木片中半纤维素溶出情况的影响,并用回归方程对此作了计算。根据试验结果和回归分析,得出柠檬桉木片稀硫酸预水解的最佳工艺条件是:液体对木片比率4:1,硫酸浓度0.2％,最高温度135℃,反应时间2小时。在此条件下,酸预水解液中固形物含量为3—4％,木糖约占总糖量的90％。预水解后木片经硫酸盐蒸煮,氯化-碱抽提—次氯酸钠漂白—酸处理制得的漂白浆,其得率为32.80％。对漂白浆中α-纤维素,聚戊糖,灰分、铁质含量以及纸浆反应性能的测定结果证明,所制浆料完全适合于生产人造丝和纤维素衍生物。     

用纸浆制备高粘度羧甲基纤维素钠的工艺研究

以纸浆为原料,经过碱煮去除纸浆中的半纤维素、果胶和木质素等杂质得到纤维素,再经一锅法通过碱化、醚化得到羧甲基纤维素钠.着重考察了碱煮浓度、碱煮时间对纸浆中纤维素提取率的影响,研究了原料配比、碱化醚化温度、时间以及加入的硼酸钠量等因素对产品粘度及产率的影响.结果表明,当碱煮浓度为10%,碱煮时间1h时,纸浆中纤维素提取率可达70%;当纤维素∶碱∶氯乙酸∶硼酸钠质量比为1∶1.1∶1.2∶0.06,碱化醚化温度分别为25℃和75℃,碱化醚化时间分别为2h和3h时,产品产率高达80%,室温下测得1%的产品水溶液粘度高达1780mPa·s.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of