具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

关于农业区划地图集中的统一协调问题

图集的统一协调,对图集质量有很大影响。本文是作者在编制北京市农业区划地图集的实践基础上,根据地图信息传输论的观点,对农业区划地图集的统一协调的内容及方法进行了探讨。试图总结编制这类图集的统一协调模式,以供读者编图时参考。     

三种植物叶片电信号的特征分析

采集玉米(Zea mays L)、芦荟(Aloe vera L)和吊兰(Chlorophytum comosum)三种植物叶片的表面电信号,通过小波变换对采集到的电信号进行降噪和重构,对降噪后的电信号进行功率谱分析。结果表明,玉米、芦荟和吊兰三种植物叶片电信号是幅值为μV级、频率分布在2 Hz以下的低频电信号。玉米叶片电信号的频率分布主要集中在0～0.4 Hz,芦荟叶片电信号频率分布主要集中在0～0.6 Hz,吊兰叶片电信号的频率分布主要集中在0～0.8 Hz。     

两种木质纤维水解渣的热解特性分析

对木粉酸水解残渣(WAHR)和木糖渣(XR)两种木质纤维水解残渣进行了基本物性分析,采用热重分析仪和自制的管式高温裂解炉探讨了这两种水解残渣及其母料的热解特性.结果表明:两种水解残渣较其母料有更高的碳含量,且WAHR的碳含量比XR高;两种水解残渣的组成和热解特性存在较大差异;XR的气相产物和液相产物产率在整个研究温度区间均高于WAHR,并且H2、CO、CO2、CH4、C2H4和C2H6的产率随温度变化的规律不同;两种水解残渣的液相产物种类相似,但相对含量存在差别;半焦样品的CO2气化反应活性随温度的升高而降低;原料的木质素含量越高,所得半焦样品的反应活性越低.     

论加强党的执政能力建设

加强党的执政能力建设是关系中国社会主义事业兴衰成败、关系中华民族前途命运、关系党的生死存亡和国家长治久安的重大战略课题.加强党的执政能力建设,首要任务在于强化干部执政意识,基本要求在于提高干部执政本领,根本途径在于健全机制、提高效率.     

语文情境教学的人本主义特质

“情境教学”是当前中小学语文教学的一个新模式，其突出的特点就是把学生作为“情感”主体予以关注，强调课堂教学中，教师利用多样化的教学手段充分调动学生的情感体验，激发其学习的兴趣、动机，并营造一个与教学内容相协调的教学情境，使得学生在认知结构获得改善的同时，心理机能也能健康和谐的发展，从而最终实现全面发展。语文“情境教学”模式与美国心理学家罗杰斯的“非指导性教学模式”有异曲同工之处，本质上是人本主义教学观在当代中国语文教学中的典型体现。     

用埋设的微型探测器监测不同性能混凝土内的钢筋腐蚀

为了评估钢筋在不同性能的混凝土内的腐蚀程度,腐蚀程度和导致腐蚀的环境,做了一个试验,在试验中使用了微型探测器,将它们贴着钢筋埋设在混凝土内,用它们来测出三种电化学特性值：自然电位;极化电阻和电解质电阻。     

关于动量守恒定律应用的若干问题讨论

在明确质点系动量守恒定律内涵的基础上,分析讨论了有关文献关于质点系动量守恒定律应用中的若干问题,指出其中一些不妥之处.     

一类序列存在收敛子列的条件

文章讨论了在函数逼近论中有重要作用的一类序列存在收敛子列的条件,文中所得结论在 相关问题的研究中有较重要的作用。     

PEG胁迫对苔草渗透调节特性的影响

以分布于科尔沁沙地的粉煤灰、盐碱地和荒地三种不同生境的野生苔草为材料，通过PEG胁迫处理检测其伤害程度和渗透调节特性，结果表明，三种生境苔草的抗渗透胁迫能力以盐碱地苔草最强，粉煤灰苔草次之，生长在荒地苔草最弱；脯氨酸和可溶性糖两种渗透调节物质的含量则以粉煤灰苔草和荒地苔草增加明显．     

试析《儒林外史》中八股文人之心态

吴敬梓的《儒林外史》细致地描摹了八股文人迷信八股、封闭执拗、驯服自卑和虚伪无耻等心态,深刻地揭露科举制度对知识分子的身心的践踏和摧残。上述种种心态的形成,与明清末世文化上软硬兼施的专制主义、八股文人过于单一的角色认同和社会上摧残士人身心的习俗氛围有着密切的联系。