骆驼蓬萃取物对蚜虫生物活性的测定

通过实验测定，骆驼蓬氯仿、石油醚和乙酸乙酯3种萃取物中，氯仿和石油醚的萃取物对麦二叉蚜的触杀活性分别为58.36%和56.38%，2种萃取物50 mg/mL的浓度触杀活性较高，校正死亡率分别为81.93%和90.50%.氯仿萃取物对甘蓝蚜的忌避活性较好，校正忌避率达到71.85%，其次是乙酸乙酯萃取物，达到60.82%.在氯仿萃取物的4个浓度中，50 mg/mL的忌避活性较高，达到85.29%，25 mg/mL和16.67 mg/mL的忌避率分别为81.81%和63.79%，12.5 mg/mL的忌避活性仍然达到56.50%.     

斑点免疫结合法检测3种植物病毒

研究了改进的斑点免疫结合法在检测芜菁花叶病毒、烟草花叶病毒和小西葫芦黄化花叶病毒中的应用.无论是使用全抗血清还是纯化的免疫球蛋白,检测感染组织粗汁液中的病毒或纯化的病毒,均获得了满意的结果.同时进行的斑点免疫结合试验、酶联免疫吸附试验和免疫吸附电子显微术等的比较结果表明:无论是检测纯化病毒还是感染组织粗汁液中的病毒,斑点免疫结合法的检测敏感性均优于后2种方法,病毒的可测感度芜菁花叶病毒为0.65ng,烟草花叶病毒为0.39 ng,小西葫芦黄化花叶病毒为0.45 ng;应用碱性磷酸酶标记抗体及羟基吲哚磷酸盐和氮兰四唑为底物较为合适,这种底物可在室温下长期保存,并且反应产物为不褪色的紫色,易于观察和保存.     

长叶车前花叶病毒上海株(RMVsh)外壳蛋白基因的克隆、序列分析及原核表达

长叶车前花叶病毒上海分离株（RMVsh)是从上海郊区的青菜（Brassica chinensis)上分离鉴定的，以提纯的病毒为材料，SDS－酚法纯化的基因组RNA作为模板，通过RT－PCR方法克服了该病毒的外壳蛋白基因（CP），DNA序列测定结果表明，外壳蛋白基因全长474个碱基，编码157个氨基酸，将CP基因插入原核表达载体pBAD/His-C中，转化E.coli Top10后，诱导表达，经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析呈－特异性的蛋白条带，Western blot检测表明，表达产物与RMVsh抗血清呈阳性反应，RMVsh CP基因的核苷酸序列及氨基酸序列与烟草花叶病毒属中其他能侵染十字花科作物的成员相比，同源率分别为83．5％－98．9％和87．9％－99．4％，并讨论了RMVsh的分类地位为烟草花叶病毒属侵染十字花科植物2个亚组中的第一亚组的代表。     

五种疟原虫红内期蛋白的SDS—聚丙烯酰胺电泳

本文用１％ＮＰ－４０提取五种疟的虫（间日疟原虫、恶性疟原虫、食蟹猴疟原虫、伯氏疟原虫、约氏疟原虫）红内期可溶性蛋白组分。各种蛋白提取物经ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯安电泳后氨银染色，所得蛋白图谱经光密度扫描进行分析。实验结果表明五种疟原虫蛋白区带数目及位置各不相同，但两条分子量分别为７２ＫＤ和６４ＫＤ蛋白为五种疟原虫共有区带。在五种疟原虫中，以伯多疟原虫与约氏疟原虫蛋白谱最类似，表明二者种间进化关系较接近。     

Immunostaining of skeletal and cardiac muscle surface membrane with antibody against Duchenne muscular dystrophy peptide

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a debilitating X-linked muscle disease. We have used sequence information from complementary DNA clones, derived from the gene that is deleted in DMD patients, to generate an antiserum that stains the surface membrane of intact human and mouse skeletal muscle, but not that of DMD patients and mdx mice. Here we identify the protein reacting with this antiserum as a single component of relative molecular mass 210,000 (Mr = 210K) that fractionates with a low-ionic strength extract of intact human and mouse skeletal muscle. It is therefore distinct from the 400 K protein found in the heavy microsomal fraction of normal muscle and identified as a putative product of the DMD gene. We also analyse further the disease specificity of the antiserum. Positive staining is seen in normal controls, and in samples from patients with a wide range of muscular dystrophies other than DMD. Becker muscular dystrophy, which is allelically related to DMD, was the only other exception, and gave a sporadic staining pattern. The demonstration of a specific defect in the surface membrane of DMD muscle fibres substantiates the hypothesis that membrane lesions may initiate muscle degradation in DMD.     

川蔓藻水浸提液的克藻效应与机理

采用普通小球藻在不同浓度的川蔓藻水浸提液中纯培养的方法，研究了川蔓藻对普通小球藻的克藻效应与机理、结果显示，川蔓藻的水浸提液对普通小球藻的抑制作用显著并具有浓度效应、96h的抑制率与浸提液浓度的对数线性相关．半抑制浓度（IC50）为6．332g（dw）／L．川蔓藻的水浸提液使藻细胞内丙二醛的含量急剧增高，并显鲁改变了藻细胞外可溶性蛋白和多糖的比值、透射电镜观察显示，川蔓藻的水浸提液主要损伤藻细胞的膜系统,川蔓藻水浸提液对普通小球藻的抑制机理为：损坏藻细胞的膜系统和改变胞外聚合物的含量，从而增加小球藻表面的疏水性，最终藻细胞絮凝沉降死亡.     

Expression and self-assembly of Heterocapsa circularisquama RNA virus-like particles synthesized in Pichia pastoris

Heterocapsa circularisquama RNA virus(HcRNAV) is the first single-stranded RNA virus to be characterized that infects dinoflagellates.The ability of HcRNAV coat protein(HcRNAV CP) to self-assemble into virus-like particles(VLPs) in vitro suggested that heterologous expression was possible,and that the VLPs might be ideal nanocontainers for the targeted delivery of genes and chemicals.In this paper,we report the expression of a codon-optimized HcRNAV 109 CP gene in Pichia pastoris and the production of self-assembled HcRNAV VLPs using large-scale fermentation.The HcRNAV 109 CP gene was synthesized according to the codon preference of P.pastoris and cloned into a pPICZA vector.The recombinant plasmid pPICZA-CPsyns was transformed into P.pastoris by electroporation.The resulting yeast colonies were screened by PCR and analyzed for protein expression by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.After large-scale fermentation,the yield of HcRNAV CPsyns reached approximately 2.5 g L 1 within 4 d.The HcRNAV VLPs were purified using PEG precipitation followed by cesium chloride density gradient ultracentrifugation,and were subsequently analyzed using UV spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy.Fluorescence dye-labeled myoglobin was loaded into the cages of the HcRNAV VLPs and the encapsulation was confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy.The results point to the possible utilization in pharmacology or nanotechnology of HcRNAV VLPs produced by P.pastoris fermentation.     

香石竹斑驳病毒（CarMVsh）外壳蛋白基因克隆及原核表达

香石竹斑驳病毒上海分离株是从上海地区栽培的香石竹上分离并鉴定的,以提纯的病毒为材料,ＳＤＳ－酚法纯化的基因组ＲＮＡ作为模板,ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ合成并扩增外壳蛋白基因ｃＤＮＡ,ｃＤＮＡ克隆于ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ ｅａｓｙ ｖｅｃｔｏｒ,转化为Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＪＭ１０９。阳笥克隆ｐＴＣａＣＰ经序列分析,证明带有全长ＣＰ基因。     

Specific dephosphorylation of membrane proteins in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts

Chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) infected with avian sarcoma virus become rapidly transformed as a result of expression of the viral src gene in the form of a single polypeptide of molecular weight 60,000 (pp60src) with protein kinase activity and suggested preferential association with the plasma membrane. Studies with normal avian and mammalian cells have revealed the presence of an antigenically related protein which seems to have similar kinase activity, but which is present at less than 1% of the levels of virally induced src protein found in transformed cells. As dynamic phosphorylation is important in numerous regulatory processes, the phenotypic expression of transformation may arise from an imbalance in one or more regulatory mechanisms that are controlled by protein phosphorylation. The cell membrane is affected during transformation, including its phosphotransferase activity. The latter has been shown using isolated membrane fractions whose properties may be changed during preparation. Therefore, we have compared the phosphorylation state of individual membrane proteins found in intact normal and RSV-transformed cells and report here the identification of two heavily phosphorylated, acidic membrane proteins in normal CEF which are specifically dephosphorylated on transformation by wild-type and temperature-sensitive Rous sarcoma viruses.     

黄荆子乙酸乙酯提取物诱导结肠癌HT-29细胞凋亡

目的研究黄荆子乙酸乙酯提取物（EVn-50）诱导人结肠癌HT-29细胞凋亡作用。方法用不同浓度的EVn-50处理体外培养的HT-29细胞;碘化丙啶（PI）染色流式细胞术（FCM）检测细胞凋亡率;琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察DNA梯形条带;Western blot分析Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达。结果EVn-50以浓度依赖的方式增加HT-29细胞凋亡率（P〈0．05）。10．0tanoVLEVn-50处理HT-29细胞48h导致典型DNA梯形条带形成。10．0umol/LEVn-50以时间依赖方式下调Bcl-2蛋白表达,同时,上调Bax蛋白表达（P〈0．05）。结论EVn-50诱导HT-29细胞凋亡作用与增加Bax／Bcl-2比值有关。     

新基因Splt137在大肠杆菌中的表达及抗体制备

用PCR的方法扩增得到斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒 (SpltMNPV)ORF137全长基因 (Splt137)。将其克隆到原核表达载体pQE30上 ,并转化大肠杆菌M15 ,在IPTG诱导下表达了与预期相对分子质量相符的一个 2 7× 10 7的蛋白质 ,经过聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳纯化 ,免疫家兔制备了抗Splt137抗体。Western免疫印迹分析表明 ,该抗体适合用作Splt137蛋白的进一步分析。     

Identification and role of plasma membrane aquaporin in maize root

Using antiserum against expressed aquaporin fusion protein, GST-RD28, the distribution of aquaporin in the plasma membrane of maize root protoplasts has been examined under confocal laser scanning microscopy by indirect fluorescence staining. Results indicate that there are abundant aquaporins in maize roots, which are distributed in plasma membrane unevenly. Western blotting analysis of total protein solubilized from maize root plasma membrane shows that antiserum against GST-RD28 can cross-react with one protein around 55 Ku. Another 28 ku protein can also be detected when the concentration of SDS and DTT in SDS-PAGE sample buffer is increased. The 55 and 28 ku proteins may be dimeric and monomeric of aquaporin respectively. Functional experiments show that aquaporin blocker HgCl₂ and aquaporin antiserum can suppress the swelling of maize root protoplasts in hypotonic solution, indicating that aquaporin in plasma membrane of protoplast facilitates rapid transmembrane water flow.     

Nicotiana ovule extracts in duce nuclear reconstitution of demembranated Xenopus sperm in cell-free system

s Nicotiana tabaccum ovule extracts induced nuclear reconstitution of demembranated Xenopus leavis sperm in a ceil-free system. Demembranated Xenopus sperm began to swell after 15 rmin of incubation with Nicotiana ovulde extracts. Accompanying the process of incubation,Xenopus sperm decondensed and their shapes changed gradually from long and ellipse to round. The completely decondensed chromatin was surrounded with membrane structure, which was a mixture envelope of a double membrane and a single membrane. Nucleosome assembly was verified by means of micrococcal nuclease digestion to reconstituted nuclei and DNA electrophoresis. Nicotiana ovule extracts supplied one more experimental model and system.The new system could promote powerfully the research on mechanisms of cell division and cell cycle regulation.     

Specific interaction between phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and profilactin

There is evidence that the polymerization of actin takes place at the plasma membrane, and that profilactin (profilin/actin complex), the unpolymerized form of actin found in extracts of many non-muscle cells, serves as the immediate precursor. Both isolated profilin and profilactin interact with detergent when analysed by charge shift electrophoresis, indicating that they have amphipathic properties and may be able to interact directly with the plasma membrane. We demonstrate here that isolated profilin, as well as the profilactin complex, interacts with anionic phospholipids. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) was found to be the most active phospholipid, causing a rapid and efficient dissociation of profilactin with a concomitant polymerization of the actin in appropriate conditions. These and other observations suggest the possibility of a relationship between the induction of actin filament formation and the increased activity in the phosphatidylinositol cycle seen as a result of ligand-receptor interactions in various systems.     

Determination of the genus-specific antigens in outer membrane proteins from the strains of Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira biflexa with different virulence

Objective:To determine the existence of genus-specific antigens in outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of leptospira with different virulence. Methods: Microscope agglutination test (MAT) was applied to detect the agglutination between commercial rabbit antiserum against leptospiral genus-specific TR/Patoc I antigen and 17 strains of Leptospira interrongans belonging to 15 serogroups and 2 strains of Leptospira biflexa belonging to 2 serogroups.The outer envelopes (OEs) of L.interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar lai strain lai (56601) with strong virulence and serogroup Pomona serovar pomona strain Luo (56608) with low virulence,and L.biflexa serogroup Semaranga serovar patoc strain Patoc I without virulence were prepared by using the method reported in Auran et al.(1972).OMPs in the OEs were obtained by treatment with sodium deoxycholate. SDS-PAGE and western blot were used for analyzing the features of the OMPs on electrophoretic pattern and the immunoreactivity to the antiserum against TR/Patoc I antigen, respectively. Results:All the tested strains belonging to different leptospiral serogroups agglutinated to the antiserum against leptospiral genus-specific TR/Patoc I antigen with agglutination titers ranging from 1:256-1:512. A similar SDS-PAGE pattern of the OMPs from the three strains of leptospira with different virulence was shown and the molecular weight of a major protein fragment in the OMPs was found to be approximately 60 KDa.A positive protein fragment with approximately 32 KDa confirmed by Western blot,was able to react with the antiserum against leptospiral genus-specific TR/Patoc I antigen, and was found in each the OMPs of the three stains of leptospira.Conclusion: There are genus-specific antigens on the surface of L.interrogans and L.biflexa. The OMP with molecular weight of 32 KDa may be one of the genus-specific protein antigens of leptospira.     

大豆样品中DNA的提取与外源基因CaMV35S的PCR检测

采用试剂盒从大豆样品中成功提取出DNA,对花椰菜花叶病毒(Cauliflower mosaic virus,CaMV)35S启动子进行了PCR扩增,并对扩增产物进行了电泳检测,建立了提取大豆DNA与CaMV35S启动子PCR检测的方法,对实验操作中的问题进行了探讨.     

再生障碍性贫血病人红细胞膜骨架蛋白的研究

十二烷基磺酸钠—聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(简称为SDS-PAGE)方法分离12例再生障碍性贫血(简称再障)病人红细胞膜蛋白,发现其中有6例红细胞骨架蛋白带1、带2和带4有不同程度减少或缺损。同时用扫描电子显微镜观察其红细胞形态,发现亦有不同程度异常,表现为棘状、刺状及波浪状。提示红细胞骨架蛋白的含量与红细胞的形态有密切关系。     

甘蔗花叶病毒MDB株系传播特性的研究

禾缢管蚜（Ｒｈｏｐａｌｏｓｉｐｈｕｍｐａｄｉ）、桃蚜（Ｍｙｚｕｓｐｅｒｓｉｃａｅ）、麦二叉蚜（Ｓｃｈｉｚａｐｈｉｓｇｒａｍｉｎｕｍ）、无网长管蚜（Ａｃｙｔｏｓｉｐｈｕｍｄｉｒｈｏｄｕｍ）和甘蓝蚜（Ｂｒｅｖｉｃｏｒｙｎｅｂｒａｓｓｉｃａｅ）能以非持久性方式甘蔗花叶病毒ＭＤＢ株系（ＳＣＭＶ－ＭＤＢ）,其中无网长管蚜和甘蓝蚜ＳＣＭＶ－ＭＤＢ为国内首次报道,麦长管蚜（display status