基于双树复小波分解的风机齿轮箱故障诊断

风机齿轮箱振动信号具有非平稳、非高斯特性,多种模式混叠和复杂的传递路径使得故障信息微弱完全淹没在噪声之中.针对故障特征提取的难题,将双树复小波变换引入振动信号分析,提出了一种新的工业风力发电机齿轮箱故障诊断方法.首先对风机齿轮箱振动信号进行双树复小波分解,然后计算各频带分量的峭度值,利用峭度筛选故障敏感分量.最后对故障敏感分量进行频谱分析提取故障特征频率.实验结果表明:双树复小波变换可将复杂信号分解为不同频带分量,抑制平移敏感性和频率混叠.与传统离散小波变换相比,能有效抑制虚假频率出现并准确提取故障特征.本文提出的方法已成功用于风力发电机工业运行监测并准确诊断多种类型的齿轮箱故障.     

广义变分模式分解降噪在齿轮早期故障诊断中的应用

针对齿轮早期故障特征的微弱性和耦合性,本文提出广义变分模式分解(generalized variational mode decomposition, GVMD)-峭度-包络谱法诊断齿轮故障。首先利用GVMD的频域多尺度定频分解属性,根据齿轮故障频谱信息和信号特点设置GVMD主要参数,按需分解信号,准确获取微弱特征分量,避免VMD对微弱特征提取存在的不足和小波包变换能量泄漏引起的微弱特征混淆问题。然后结合峭度准则和齿轮故障频率信息选择故障冲击分量,融合更多故障信息重构降噪信号。最后对降噪信号进行包络解调分析,实现齿轮故障诊断。实际信号分析表明,由于GVMD能够按需获取微弱特征分量,本文所提方法能够获得更丰富的微弱故障信息准确识别齿轮早期故障位置。     

基于提升小波包的往复压缩机活塞-缸套磨损故障诊断

针对往复压缩机活塞-缸套磨损故障微弱信号特征识别问题,提出一种识别该类信号微弱特征的自适应非抽样提升小波包方法(AULSP)。该方法以分解层信号所有样本的预测差值平方和最小为目标函数,算出与信号特征自适应匹配的初始算子,并构造非抽样算子算出下一层各频带信号。对各层细节信号进行阈值处理并重构,对降噪后的信号再进行小波包分解。各分解频带信号长度与原始信号的长度相同,无须重构即可识别时域故障微弱信号特征。用这种方法成功提取了某往复压缩机活塞与缸壁发生碰磨故障时产生的弱周期性冲击信号。     

基于小波包神经网络分析的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对轴承故障识别率低、故障信号不平稳的问题,提出了改进小波包能量特征提取和神经网络的故障诊断方法.首先利用改进小波包算法将轴承内圈、外圈、滚动体三个部位的采集信号进行三层分解与重构;然后通过小波包能量谱提取不同节点能量,形成故障特征集;最后依次建立BP和Elman神经网络故障分类模型,将所得的小波包节点能量作为特征向量输入到故障模型,进行轴承不同故障状态的分类识别.实验结果表明,本文算法可准确分类并预测轴承运行状况,提高了诊断准确率.     

基于小波包和径向基神经网络轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障精密诊断的需要,采用小波包分析方法提取了滚动轴承故障的特征信号.通过小波包分析将高频信号分解到8个频带中,以频带能量作为识别故障的特征向量.应用RBF径向基神经网络建立了从特征向量到故障模式之间的映射.现场采集的数据分析表明,采用小波包和神经网络相结合的方法可以比较准确地识别滚动轴承的故障.     

电力电子装置周期性故障波形小波矩阵分类法

提出一种基于平稳小波变换和奇异值分解的电力电子装置周期性故障波形的分类方法.该方法利用平稳小波变换的冗余性和奇异值的稳健性.其步骤为:对周期性故障波形进行平稳小波变换,将信号分解到多个小波子空间;将平稳小波变换后的小波系数矩阵奇异值进行分解,即采用K-L变换对子信号进行特征压缩,并以奇异值向量作为特征向量;按照向量的空间距离对故障波形进行分类实现故障的分类诊断.以精确的半导体器件模型建立的PSPICE逆变器故障波形为例,分别用该方法和小波子带能量法对逆变器的IGBT开关故障进行分类.研究结果表明,与采用小波子带能量法相比,采用所提方法能够精确地对22种逆变器断路故障进行诊断,且受小波分解层数的影响较小,分类边界较清晰,其类间距与类内距之比是小波子带能量法的2.5倍,抗噪性能好,正确识别率高5%.     

基于小波包分解的整循环征兆提取与故障识别

为了检测内燃机气阀漏气的气密性故障,利用小波包分解改进算法,通过对柴油机完整工作循环内的缸盖振动信号进行小波包分解,从小波包分解系数中提取柴油机振动诊断的整循环征兆.由整循环特征向量图表明,正常状态时柴油机气缸盖振动信号中低频部分能量相对较大,高频部分能量相对较小;漏气状况时振动信号中的低频部分能量减小,而高频部分能量增加,由此实现了故障的识别.这说明基于小波包分解的整循环征兆提取与故障识别方法有效、可行.     

基于WPD和模糊神经网络的轴承故障诊断

提出一种结合小波包分解和模糊神经网络的故障诊断方法,采用小波包分解与重构提取各频带的能量作为故障特征向量,并以此为学习样本,再利用正交最小二乘学习算法训练模糊神经网络,确定故障诊断系统模型,对轴承故障进行诊断和识别.仿真结果及与其它一些方法比较表明:该轴承故障诊断方法可以有效识别和预测轴承的状态,且学习效率、准确性和可靠性等方面均有较大提高.     

煤矿通风机故障诊断的小波包方法

针对常用的时域和频域分析在诊断通风机故障时存在不能同时诊断出故障时间和类型的瓶颈问题,提出基于小波包分解的煤矿通风机故障诊断方法.在分析通风机故障特征的基础上,利用时频两域都具有表征信号特征能力的小波,对采集来的通风机振动信号进行小波包分解,利用分解的小波系数,在各个频段上进行小波信号重构,并计算信号各个频段的能量特征值,提取故障特征,诊断故障发生的时间和故障类型.经实际验证,小波包分解能将故障信号有效的划分到不同的频段内,而且时域和频域局部化特性好,能有效的诊断出通风机故障,具有良好的理论意义与工程应用价值.     

基于深度学习和经验模态分解的 双列圆锥滚动轴承故障诊断

双列圆锥滚动轴承在列车走行部应用广泛,由于该类轴承结构比较复杂,传统的故障诊断方法难以识别该类轴承的早期微弱故障.为此,提出基于深度学习的双列圆锥滚动轴承早期微弱故障诊断方法.首先,对轴承的振动信号进行经验模态分解,提取信号的瞬时能量构造特征向量;最后,利用深度学习方法对特征向量进行无监督学习,生成故障诊断分类器,完成故障的分类识别.实验中对某型号双列圆锥滚动轴承的正常状态、内圈故障和外圈故障进行信号分析与故障识别.结果表明,所提方法能有效识别双列圆锥滚动轴承的早期微弱故障,分类准确率达到98%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to