磷肥对苎溪河的污染初探

由于施用不当，磷肥对苎溪河的水环境造成了一定的污染；在讨论磷肥对苎溪河污染的现状、原因等基础上，提出一些防治对策．     

菠萝蜜的组织培养

选取经资源调查及品质分析后获得的优良植株的顶芽和腋芽为材料，诱导腋芽的萌发和不定芽增殖生根．结果表明：从3月下旬到5月上旬是菠萝蜜组织培养大田取材的最佳时间，该时期接种材料污染率（〈50％）及褐变率（〈5％）均较低；启动培养的培养基最佳组合是MS＋6-BA2．0mg／L＋KT1．0mg／L＋GA。0．5mg／L＋蔗糖20g／L，腋芽诱导率为44．6％，KT含量较高（1．0mg／L）有利于腋芽的诱导，诱导率平均为（40％）；不定芽增殖培养的培养基最佳组合是MS＋6-BA1．5mg／L＋KT0．1mg／L＋GA。0．5mg／L＋蔗糖40g／L，增殖率为2．61，蔗糖含量较高（40g／L）有利于不定芽的增殖，增殖率平均为2．34；生根培养以1／2MS＋IBA1．5mg／L＋NAA0．2mg／L最好，接种8d开始生根，生根率15．8％，15d根长3～4cm，平均根数3～4条．     

野大麦组织培养及植株再生的研究

以野大麦成熟胚为外植体，接种于MS 2，4-D2．0mg／L KT0．2mg／L NAA0．5mg／L Su3％的培养基中，诱导愈伤组织；然后在培养基MS 2，4-D2．0mg／L KT0．2mg／L NAA1．0mg／L Su3％上进行继代培养，每次继代时间为20天左右；再用MS KT2．0mg／L NAA0．2mg／L Su1．5％进行分化，分化率达80％以上．     

氨氮胁迫对背角无齿蚌三种酶活性的影响

本研究测定了在不同浓度氨氮胁迫下背角无齿蚌（Anodonta woodiana Lea）血清和肝胰腺中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）及溶菌酶（LSZ）活性的变化。结果表明,血清SOD活性在氨氮浓度为10mg／L时最低,之后随浓度的增加而上升,而肝胰腺SOD活性在氨氮浓度为2．5mg／L-10mg／L时随氨氮浓度增加而上升,当浓度为10mg／L时达到最大值,之后随浓度的增加其活性有所下降,但仍略高于对照组;在氨氮浓度为2．5mg／L～20mg／L时,肝胰腺CAT活性明显低于对照组,在浓度为2．5mg／L时为最小值,此后略有回升,在浓度为40mg／L时高于对照组,而血清CAT活性明显下降,在浓度为40mg／L时下降至最小值;肝胰腺LSZ活性随氨氮浓度增加成起伏变化,在氨氮浓度为10mg／L时达到最小值,之后明显上升,当浓度为20mg／L时达到最大值,而血清LSZ活性在氨氮浓度为2．5mg／L-10mg／L时与对照差别不大,在浓度为20mg／L时下降到最低值,在浓度为40mg／L时明显升高并达到最大值。     

耐盐能源植物海滨锦葵(Kostelezkya virginica)再生体系的建立

对海滨锦葵组织培养再生体系进行了研究，结果表明：1．海滨锦葵茎段外植体较好的愈伤组织诱导培养基组合为MS＋KT1．5mg／L＋IAA2．0mg／L或MS＋6-BA4．0mg／L＋IBA0．2mg／L＋Inositol50mg／L．2．海滨锦葵愈伤诱导不定芽的较好培养基组合为MS＋NAA2．0mg／L＋2iP5．0mg／L和MS＋NAA0．5mg／L＋2iP5．0mg／L．3．海滨锦葵腋芽分化不定芽的较好培养基组合为改良MS（含2倍有机营养）＋KT0．4mg／L＋IAA1．0mg／L．MS基本培养基中适当提高有机营养的含量对腋芽的增殖有促进作用，实验中以有机营养的含量为基本培养基2倍时效果较好．4．不定芽在1／ZMS的培养基中附加IBA1．0mg／L牛根最好．     

不同盐度条件下氨氮对斑节对虾的毒性试验

在5个盐度梯度（5,10,15,20,25）条件下分别设置不同氨氮浓度进行氨氮对斑节对虾（P．monodon）的急性毒性试验,计算斑节对虾的半致死浓度（LC50）和安全浓度（SC）。结果表明,盐度为25条件下,24h、48h、72h、96h的LC。。分别为69．3mg／L、58．0mg／L、47．6mg／L和44．3mg／L;盐度为20条件下,分别为56．2mg／L、48．5mg／L、37．6mg／L和32．6mg／L;盐度为15的条件下,分别为39．6mg／L、30．5mg／L、26．2mg／L和21．6mg／L;盐度为10条件下,分别为29．9mg／L、27．8mg／L、22．1mg／L和20．7mg／L;盐度为5条件下,分别为19．5rag／L、14．3mg／L、13．9mg／L和12．5mg／L。而在盐度为25、20、15、10和5的条件下,氨氮的安全浓度分别为4．4mg／L、3．2mg／L、2．2mg／L、2．1mg／L和1．3mg／L。这说明盐度对氨氮的毒性有较大的影响,盐度越低,氨氮的安全浓度越小。     

马铃薯组织培养技术研究

以马铃薯茎尖、茎段和芽体3种不同外植体为材料，用浓度为1．0mg／L的NAA与不同浓度的2，4-D组合诱导愈伤组织；用浓度为0．2mg／L的NAA和不同浓度的BA组合诱导不定芽。试验结果表明：NAA1．0mg／L 2，4-D1．5mg／L最适于愈伤组织的诱导，NAA0．2mg／L BA0．3ms／L最适于不定芽的诱导；NAA对马铃薯根的分化有促进作用。     

何首乌茎段离体培养的研究

用何首乌种子经表面消毒后进行无菌发芽并建立了无菌材料，以无菌实生苗茎段作外植体进行离体快繁研究。试验了不同基本培养基(MS，H，1／2MS，B5和N6)，不同种类外源激素(IBA、NAA、KT)和不同浓度梯度的外源激素(0．0mg／L，0．1mg／L，0．Smg／L，1．0mg／L，2．0mg／L和4．0mg／L)以及不同蔗糖浓度(0．0％，1．0％，2．0％，4．0％，8．0％，16．0％)对茎段离体培养的影响。结果表明：MS基本培养基，0．5mg／L IBA(或0．5mg／LNAA)及3％的蔗糖比较适合于何首乌的茎段离体快繁。推荐用于何首乌茎段离体快繁的最佳培养基配方为：MS 肌醇100mg/L^ 盐酸硫胺素1．0mg／L 盐酸吡哆素0．5mg／L 甘氨酸2．0mg／L IBA0．5mg／L(或NAA0．5mg／L) 蔗糖3．0％ 琼脂0．75％，pH5．9。用该培养基对何首乌进行茎段离体快繁，每次继代培养可增殖4～5倍。     

密蒙花(Buddlija officinalis)基因转化受体系统的建立

以密蒙花(Buddlija officinalis Maxim)芽、叶、茎段为外植体，在B5，MS，White培养基上获得愈伤组织。结果表明：芽、幼叶脱分化能力差异不大；不同时期的叶片差异较大，以幼叶诱导为佳；作者筛选出的愈伤组织最佳培养基为B5 6-BA0．5mg／L 2，4-D0．5mg／L。在继代培养阶段，B5比MS和White更适合细胞的快速生长和繁殖；并且以叶片的愈伤组织生长较快，芽、茎段次之，最佳继代培养基为B5 6-BA0．5mg／L NAA0．5mg／L，继代的愈伤组织可在B5 6．BAlmg／L NAA0．1mg／L GA0．1mg／L培养基中分化出幼苗，在生根培养基1／2MS NAA0．2mg／L或1／2MS NAA0．6mg／L中分化出根且获得再生植株，将长4～6cm的再生小苗练苗3d后移植，幼苗成活率达100％，并于当年开花。     

培养因子对绿玉树离体微型快繁的影响

以绿玉树的腋芽茎段和顶芽为外植体，研究不同培养基浓度、不同激素配比、外植体的放置方式以及化学物质PEG、PP333、AgN03等因子对绿玉树离体培养丛生芽产生的影响，以此筛选出绿玉树离体快繁最适培养基及培养途径。结果表明：诱导腋芽、顶芽萌发较理想的培养基为：3／4MS ZT0．5～1mg／L NAA0．01mg／L和1／2MS BA0.5mg／L NAA0．01mg／L，适宜丛生芽增殖的培养基为：MS ZT0．5～2mg／L NAA0．05mg／L GA30.01mg／L，芽的增殖系数为4．5。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that