代谢综合症的运动干预

随着社会的发展和人们生活方式的改变,代谢综合症(MS)从1999年命名至今,发病率逐年升高。MS会并发T2DM、心血管疾病、肥胖等疾病,严重影响人们的生活质量甚至危及生命。MS治疗的基本策略是以改善IR为基础的心血管危险因素的综合防治。包括生活方式干预、饮食控制和运动治疗,无效时考虑药物治疗。运动作为MS的重要干预手段,对MS有着显著的影响,本文就MS与运动之间的关系做一综述。     

代谢综合征的流行病学调查与分析

目的：了解20岁以上成年人代谢综合征的发生率；对比分析其相关的危险因素及保护因素。方法：(1)通过1026名20岁以上成人体检，应用修订的代谢综合征的美国诊断标准，凡具备以下5项标准中3项及3项以上，即①体质指数(BMI)≥24，②甘油三酯ρ(TG)≥150mg／dL，③高密度脂蛋白胆固醇ρ(HDL—C)男＜40mg／dL、ρ(HDL—C)女＜50mg／dL，④空腹血糖ρ(FBC)≥110mg／dL，⑤收缩期血压(SBP)≥130mmHg或舒张期血压(DBP)≥85mmHg或SBP／DBP≥130mmHg／85mmHg(1mmHg＝0．133kPa)，诊断为代谢综合征，共检出136名为病例组。(2)从既往无高血压、糖尿病、冠心病及血脂异常史，且本次筛检未纳入代谢综合征的人群中，抽取与病例组性别、年龄相当的136名进行配对调查分析，计算其相关因素的χ^2值、P值、机会比(OR)值，以及机会比值的95％可信限(OR 95％CI)。结果：(1)从1026名中共检出代谢综合征136名，其发生率为13．26％；(2)调查分析发现摄入过量和长时间处于坐位而又缺乏运动两项可能为代谢综合征的危险因素；而运动可能是代谢综合征的保护因素。结论：(1)本次广东地区部分人群筛查20岁以上成人代谢综合征的发生率为13．26％，虽较美国人为低，但中年组为17．48％，老年组高达29．27％，必须引起重视；(2)坚持终身运动和合理膳食可能是预防代谢综合征的切实可行、经济、有效的措施。     

Sirtuins as potential targets for metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome threatens health gains made during the past century. Physiological processes degraded by this syndrome are often oppositely affected by calorie restriction, which extends lifespan and prevents disease in rodents. Recent research in the field of ageing has begun to identify important mediators of calorie restriction, offering the hope of new drugs to improve healthspan. Moreover, if metabolic syndrome and calorie restriction are opposite extremes of the same metabolic spectrum, calorie restriction mimetics might provide another therapeutic approach to metabolic syndrome. Sirtuins and other important metabolic pathways that affect calorie restriction may serve as entry points for drugs to treat metabolic syndrome.     

肠道菌群在肥胖及相关的代谢性疾病发生发展中的地位和作用

肥胖及相关的代谢性疾病近年来已经成为威胁全球的公共健康问题。越来越多的证据表明,与人类共生的肠道菌群不仅在消化、免疫和抗病方面有不可替代的作用,而且与非传染性的代谢失调相关,特别是其可以通过调节宿主脂肪吸收存储相关的基因,影响后者的能量平衡。因此,肠道菌群可能是在膳食结构变化与人的遗传体质的相互作用下导致肥胖等代谢性疾病发生的一个重要环节。对该环节的深入研究,可能带来代谢性疾病预防和控制策略的革命性的变化。     

代谢综合征左心功能研究进展

 简述了代谢综合征(metalbolic syndrome,MS)的定义及临床诊断标准,综述了高血压(EH)、肥胖、血糖异常、血脂异常等危险因素与左室心功能间的关系,分析了多种危险因素聚集一体的MS 的心功能变化特点。MS 患者的左室功能降低是由多个心血管危险因素引起,会导致多个复杂的代谢反应,影响心肌的结构和代谢环境,也改变了心肌功能和心肌能量。因此MS 患者在有症状的心力衰竭发展之前,可能存在一段时间亚临床的左心室功能障碍。     

New drug targets for type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.

An insidious increase in features of the 'metabolic syndrome' - obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia -- has conspired to produce a worldwide epidemic of type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus. Most current therapies for this disease were developed in the absence of defined molecular targets or an understanding of disease pathogenesis. Emerging knowledge of key pathogenic mechanisms, such as the impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and the role of 'lipotoxicity' as a probable cause of hepatic and muscle resistance to insulin's effects on glucose metabolism, has led to a host of new molecular drug targets. Several have been validated through genetic engineering in mice or the preliminary use of lead compounds and therapeutic agents in animals and humans.     

Relationship between alanine aminotransferase levels and metabolic syndrome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective： To investigate the relationship between alanine aminotransferase （ALT） levels and metabolic syndrome （MS） in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）. Methods： A total of 26527 subjects who received medical health checkup in our hospital from January 2005 to July 2007 were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis of fatty liver was based on ultrasound imaging. MS was defined according to the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel III. ALT, triglyceride （TG）, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-c）, fasting plasma glucose （FPG）, height, weight, waist circumference （WC）, systolic blood pressure （SBP） and diastolic blood pressure （DBP） were measured in each subject to analyze the relationship between MS and ALT activity Results： （1） The prevalence of NAFLD in men （30.94%） was significantly higher than that in women （15.65%）; （2） The incidence of MS in NAFLD （33.83%） was significantly greater than that in non-NAFLD （10.62%）; （3） Of the 6470 subjects with NAFLD, in the age-adjusted partial correlation analysis, there were statistically significant correlations between the ALT levels and most metabolic risk factors in each sex （P〈0.01）, except that ALT levels multiple stepwise regression analysis, SBP lost its significance, and had no correlation with HDL-c in women. Moreover, in the WC, body mass index （BMI）, age, DBP, TG and FPG were independently associated with ALT levels in both sexes （P〈0.05）. HDL-c remained significant and was independently related to ALT levels in men; （4） ALT levels were significantly higher in subjects with MS compared to those without MS （P〈0.001）. Mean ALT levels increased with the number of MS components in each sex （P〈0.05 for trend）. Conclusion： We found a strong relationship between ALT levels and MS in NAFLD and revealed that the cluster of MS components might be the predictor for ALT elevations.     

重度腹外伤后并发腹腔高压综合征的诊断及治疗

目的总结分析重度腹外伤后并发腹腔高压综合征的诊断及治疗经验.方法分析2例重度腹外伤伴失血性休克并发ACS病例,根据临床表现确定ACS诊断后,及时行腹腔减压,分别以腹壁覆盖及塑料袋缝合暂时性关腹.结果及时认识治疗ACS并行腹腔减压适量延长切口,结果满意,病患恢复平稳.结论对ACS的认识是及时诊断及治疗的关键,开腹减压以保证患者平稳渡过水肿期,选择合适的材料,有利于患者的康复.     

暨南大学教工代谢综合征患病率的调查

目的:了解广州暨南大学代谢综合征患病情况。方法:利用年度体检的机会,对高校人群进行一般情况及病史的问卷调查及全面体检(项目包括身高、体重、血压及腰围,血液生化检查包括血糖、胆固醇、甘油三脂、高密度脂蛋白及低密度脂蛋白等),并将结果进行了不同性别及年龄组的比较。结果:该人群代谢综合征患病率为12.5%,男多于女,差别具有显著性意义(P<0.01);代谢综合征患病率青年组较低,老年组明显高于青年组及中年组,随年龄上升明显(P<0.01);在该组代谢综合征人群中,高体重指数检出率为最高,其次为高血压、高血糖、高甘油三脂及低密度脂蛋白;代谢综合征各项指标无任何一项异常者,男女合计在青年组约72%,中年组约50%,老年组约30%,多项异常者男性多于女性。结论:广州高校人群代谢综合征发病率与北京及上海相近,男多于女,随年龄增加,发病率上升明显。中年人群约半数以上、老年人群约七成出现不同程度代谢异常,提示这2组人群健康状况不容乐观。     

腹部消化器官病变部位与两类腹痛部位的关系

目的:探讨腹部消化器官疾病所致内脏痛及腹膜痛的部位与病变部位的关系.方法:收集1226例有腹痛表现的腹部消化器官疾病患者的临床资料,分别统计分析内脏痛部位及腹膜痛部位与内脏病变部位的关系.结果:内脏痛平面与病变内脏起源的原肠的平面呈正相关(rs=0.87,P<0.01).腹膜痛最先出现或最明显的部位与病变内脏的解剖部位一致(=0.96,P<0.01).结论:腹部消化器官疾病所致内脏痛及腹膜痛的部位均与病变部位显著相关.依据腹痛部位定位诊断,需要分清腹痛类型,分别根据内脏痛及腹膜痛部位推测病变内脏的胚胎起源及解剖部位.     

Inflammation and metabolic disorders

Metabolic and immune systems are among the most fundamental requirements for survival. Many metabolic and immune response pathways or nutrient- and pathogen-sensing systems have been evolutionarily conserved throughout species. As a result, immune response and metabolic regulation are highly integrated and the proper function of each is dependent on the other. This interface can be viewed as a central homeostatic mechanism, dysfunction of which can lead to a cluster of chronic metabolic disorders, particularly obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Collectively, these diseases constitute the greatest current threat to global human health and welfare.     

肥胖易感及肥胖抵抗动物模型的建立与评价

建立肥胖易感(OP)和肥胖抵抗(OR)大鼠模型并进行评价。以高脂饲料喂饲雄性SD大鼠3周。根据体重筛选出OP和OR大鼠。继续喂饲高脂饲料10周,期间检测大鼠体重、体长,计算Lee’s指数、BMI指数。实验结束处死动物,测量体脂肪含量。OP组动物与对照组相比,体重、Lee’s指数、BMI指数、体脂含量等指标均具有显著性差异。OR组动物的各项指标与对照组动物相近,提示用高脂饮食诱导肥胖与肥胖抵抗的动物模型造模成功。     

肥胖的机制与科学减肥

肥胖问题是严重影响人类生活的现代疾病.其病因极为复杂,涉及遗传、生理、生活方式等多种因素.肥胖可以导致众多的并发病症.控制肥胖的手段有多种选择,运动与合理的饮食是最安全、可行的方法.合理的运动可以有效地控制、调整身体成分,达到健康减肥的目的.综述了肥胖的机制及科学减肥的方法.     

不同运动在预防中年女性代谢综合征效果的研究

选取112名未患代谢综合征和其它重大疾病的35~55岁大学女教职工,进行中国传统健身运动组合练习与现代健身操练习在中年女性预防代谢综合征的不同效果的研究,结果表明：进行现代健身操练习和太极拳、五禽戏、八段锦练习的被试与不参与体育锻炼的被试相比,在抵御代谢综合征方面,运动与不运动的中年女性有明显的差异,前者通过适当的运动,在预防代谢综合征方面更有优势.在运动的被试之间,由于锻炼的形式和要求不同,太极拳、五禽戏、八段锦练习者在脂肪和糖代谢方面比现代健身操练习者更有优势.     

谈小儿急腹症的诊治

急腹症是小儿外科常见病症 ,病情发展快 ,加上小儿语言表达能力差 ,不能准确定位 ,误诊误治率较高 ,现将天水市秦城区人民医院 1988— 2 0 0 1年普外收治的 174例经手术证实的小儿急腹症作系统分析 .     

成人腹型肥胖测量相关简易方法

肥胖已成为全球公共卫生问题,肥胖与糖尿病、心血管疾病等密切相关,评估肥胖特别是腹型肥胖具有极大的临床意义,MRI和CT作为评估肥胖金标准,无法广泛应用于临床及流行病学调查,因此寻找简便易行的方法来代替MRI和CT至关重要.本文将对目前常用的肥胖诊断技术(人体测量学、超声、生物电阻抗法、双能X射线吸收法)进行综述,以提高...