两个生态型羊草种群的营养更新特征分析

在西辽河平原天然羊草草地上取样研究了灰绿型和黄绿型两个羊草种群分株的数量特征．结果表明，地上分株生物量、新世代无性分株生物量和新世代有性分株生物量存在显著差异，再生世代分株生物量没有显著差异，分株生物量分配均以新世代分株、无性分株占优势；反应种群营养更新特征的种群新生系数和种群再生系数两个生态型分别为0.63，0．37和0.57，0．43没有显著差异．羊草两个生态型在种群结构相对稳定期有趋异适应方式，又有相似的适应规律。     

淫羊藿无性系种群构件生物量分配格局

淫羊藿为具有克隆生长习性的多年生根茎型草本植物，是重要的药用资源植物．该文以野生淫羊藿为研究材料，于营养生长期和有性生殖期对无性系分株种群进行取样，比较分析不同时期、不同构件生物量分配格局．结果表明，营养期与有性生殖期无性系分株种群生物量差异不显著，但各构件生物量百分比差异显著．营养期根生物量比（RMR）、支持结构生物量比（SBR）和根冠比（R／C）均大于有性生殖期；而叶生物量比（LMR）和叶重分数（LMF）小于有性生殖期．在有性生殖期，营养分株（VR）生物量（83．93％）远远大于生殖分株（RR）生物量（16．07％），用于生殖器官（花）的生物量投资比例非常小（1．45％），叶构件生物量分配比例（50．68％）最大，地下根茎（32．03％）和支持结构（15．84％）生物最分配比例次之．高比例的叶构件生物量有利于合成大量有机物质，这些物质储存于地下根茎中以维持基株在资源缺乏季节的生长，保证种群的生存和繁衍．这些都暗示着淫羊藿不仅有很强的克隆生长能力，而且采取克隆生长为主，有性繁殖为辅的手段维持种群的繁衍与扩散．     

斑苦竹无性系种群能量结构研究

引用Ｈａｒｐｅｒ（１９７７）的构件结构理论，将四川缙云山的斑苦竹分为构件、分株和无性系种群三个层次，分别研究了它们的能量结构特征，结果表明：斑苦竹各构件单位的平均能值为枝（１８．１７８ＭＪ／ｋｇＤＷ）＞秆（１７．９６９ＭＪ／ｋｇＤＷ）＞叶（１７．５８３ＭＪ／ｋｇＤＷ）＞根茎（１７．５０５ＭＪ／ｋｇＤＷ）＞（１７．３７１ＭＪ／ｋｇＤＷ）＞根１５．３８０ＭＪ／ｋｇＤＷ）；无性系分株的平均能值随着年龄级     

福建永春毛竹种群生物量和能量研究

研究了福建省永春县毛竹种群的生物量结构、能量分布，研究结果表明：（1）永春毛竹种群的现存生物量为6474．874g/m^2，其中地上部分为4676．639g/m^2，占72．23％；地下部分为1798．235g/m^2，占27．77％；其各组分分别为：杆3736．200g/m^2、枝772.069g/m^2、叶168.370g/m^2、竹蔸 1059.115g/m^2、鞭根737.120g/m^2;(2)毛竹 种群生物量在I至Ⅳ度的分配为：5．12％，40．52％，39．82％，14．54％。（3）毛竹种群能量现存量为124689．576kJ/m^2，其中地上部为91218．361kJ/m^2（占73．16％），地下部为33471．215kJ/m^2（占26．84％）；（4）能量现存量在I至Ⅳ度的分配为：5．08％，40．38％，39．80％，14．74％。     

儿菜-西瓜-大头菜高产高效栽培模式

近年来，随着种植业结构的调整，蔬菜栽培面积逐年扩大，为了进一步提高土地利用率，增加单位面积产值，儿菜-西瓜-大头菜是遵义县新舟镇农民经济效益较好的栽培模式之一，一般儿菜产量3000kg／667m^2，单价0．4元/kg，产值1200元/667m^2：西瓜产量3500kg／667m^2，单价0．7元／kg，产值2450元／667m^2；大头菜产量4000kg／667m^2（连叶子整株称重），单价0．24元／kg，产值960元／667m^2，共计年产值4610元／667m^2。现将搭配方式及关键栽培技术总结如下：     

矮嵩草无性系对不同放牧强度的生长反应

对不同放牧强度下 (放牧强度分别为每公顷 0、2、4、8只二龄藏羊 )高寒草甸矮嵩草无性系分株组成和克隆生长进行了研究。结果表明 :随着放牧强度的增加 ,单位面积 ( 1 0cm2 ×1 0cm2 )矮嵩草无性系、营养和生殖分株种群生物量总体呈减少趋势 ,生殖分蘖中种子数呈增加趋势 ;矮嵩草无性系营养分株生物量所占比例均小于生殖分株 ,分别为 35 66%、35 75 %、38 2 2 %和 40 40 %。营养分株中分蘖数量和生物量随放牧强度的增加呈上升趋势 ,叶片的变化不很明显     

浮床栽培柳树在富营养化水体中的生长特性及水质净化效果研究

以浮床水培柳树（Salix babylonica Linn）为对象,研究其在富营养化水体中2a积累的生物量、株高与生物量关系以及植物体对N、P的吸收情况．结果显示,柳树从种子到幼苗的过程中所积累的生物量鲜重平均为789g／株．2a内,在种植密度为12．5株／m^2的浮床上,每平方米柳树浮床能将34．2m^3的水从V类水净化为Ⅲ类水质（以TP计）．柳树对富营养化水体的修复进程相对缓慢,但易于管理,适宜于水体的长期净化．     

小兴安岭泥炭沼泽甸杜种群分株的年龄结构与生长分析

甸杜(Chamaedaphne calyculata)是常绿小灌木,为无性系植物,主要分布于贫营养泥炭沼泽中.通过对大量样本的观察,应用计数芽鳞痕的方法划分了甸杜分株的年龄结构.在小兴安岭泥炭沼泽生长季中期,沼泽中心与沼泽边缘的甸杜种群分株均由8个龄级组成,呈现稳定型年龄结构.分株平均高度和生物量沼泽中心低于沼泽边缘.不同养分条件是两种生境甸杜种群分株间的年龄结构、生物量和高度生长特征及其生态可塑性等出现差异的主要因素.生境的环境异质性决定了甸杜种群分株的生物量和高度的生态可塑性.     

红树林污损动物群落生态研究

为了探索红树林区污损动物的附着季节和群落发展规律，于1999年12月至2001年1月广西英罗港红树林保护区进行污损动物挂板实验，试板悬挂在向海林带紧靠外缘的潮间带光滩上，下层离滩面10cm，上层离滩面110cm，分为月板，季板和年板；每类试板重复4块。同时调查周边1－17龄桐花树（Aegiceras corniculatum）上污损动物群落，每龄选取5株，测定与底层试板挂放高度相当的0－20cm树层上污损动物的种群密度和生物量。结果在桐花树和试板上共发现27种污损动物，优势种为潮间藤壶（Balanus,littoralis)，白条地藤壶（Euraphia withersi),黑荞麦蛤（Xenostrobus atruatus )和团聚牡蛎（Ostrea glomerata)。全年3－12月有污损动物附着，春秋季各有1个附着高峰。附着盛期为10月和11月。潮间藤壶的附着期为3－12月，白条地藤壶的9－12月，附着密度以秋季板最大，达25493个／米^2；生物量以春季最大，达2921.13g/m^2 。年板的最大密度和生物量达15063个／米^2和8663．266g/m^2，桐花树底层多年污损动物群落主要优势种从潮间藤壶到白条地藤壶到黑荞麦蛤变化，密度和生物量在2年后减少并在较低水平波动。     

过路黄克隆生长对光照强度的反应

利用遮阳网产生光照梯度，以研究光照强度对克隆植物过路黄(Lysimachia christinae)形态特征和生物量分配的影响．结果表明：1)匍匐茎节间长度随光照强度的减弱而增大，遮荫明显增加过路黄的分枝角度，分枝强度没有对光强发生显著反应．遮荫使叶柄变长，而根长则变短．2)随光照强度的减弱，叶柄生物量逐渐增大；遮荫降低了叶生物量、根生物量、总生物量、根生物量比和地下生物量／地上生物量．3)在遮荫条件下，一级匍匐茎基部分株的叶生物量和分株总生物量显著大于顶部分株，而根冠比则相反．根的生物量在各分株间无显著差异．在不遮荫条件下，仅匍匐茎基部分株的叶生物量大于顶部分株，其它的生物量指标在各分株间无显著差异．在分株水平，分株的根冠比不受光强的影响．总之，过路黄的克隆生长在基株和分株水平都对光强作出了明显的反应，而且这种反应具有等级性．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-