纤毛虫阔口游仆虫皮层微管胞器的形态及形态发生

采用荧光紫杉醇直接荧光标记,研究了腹毛类纤毛虫阔口游仆虫(Euplotes eurystomus)中由纤毛器、纤毛器附属微管和非纤毛器微管组成的皮层微管胞器.其中纤毛器、纤毛器附属微管包括口围带及小膜托架微管,波动膜及基部微管骨架网,额腹横棘毛、左缘棘毛及基部的前纵维管束、后纵微管束和横微管束,背触毛及基部的玫瑰花环附属微管等;非纤毛器皮层微管包括背腹面的细小网格状微管,背面的斜向微管层及贯穿于细胞纵长的纵微管层等.形态发生中,老口围带被前仔虫继承,前、后仔虫的额腹横棘毛发生及分化过程中老纤毛器基部微管退化,并且老棘毛及其附属微管可能具有定位和定向作用,但未见直接的物质联系.所得结果为揭示腹毛目纤毛虫皮层微管胞器建构的多样性、细胞皮层微管的分化及其细胞调控提供了基础资料.     

伍氏游仆虫皮层微管类细胞骨架的荧光标记

Flutax直接荧光标记和抗α微管蛋白间接免疫荧光标记显示:伍氏游仆虫皮层细胞骨架是以微管为主要成分组成的各纤毛器骨架和骨架附属微管,以及与非纤毛器骨架相互联系形成的立体骨架.整个皮层骨架包括口围带、波动膜、额腹横棘毛、尾棘毛和背纤毛等纤毛器及其骨架、纤毛器基部附属微管和其他皮层微管骨架.伍氏游仆虫细胞背、腹面存在网格结构;细胞背面存在成列的空洞样结构;毛基体周围的玫瑰花样强荧光标记,呈现更加精细的网格结构.结果揭示:与其他腹毛类纤毛虫相比,游仆虫纤毛器有了明显的功能上的"分工";细胞背腹面存在的网格是游仆虫细胞表面的真实结构,是游仆虫细胞皮层微管类细胞骨架的一部分;细胞背面的空洞样结构及毛基体周围的更精细结构,揭示出毛基体基部存在着更加复杂的微管骨架.所得结果有利于进一步揭示微管类胞器的功能.     

四角翁尼柯虫无性生殖中纤毛器及其基部纤维的分化

应用蛋白银方法,对淡水腹毛目纤毛虫四角翁尼柯虫细胞形态发生以及表膜下纤维系统的演化进行了进一步的研究,结果表明,该纤毛虫上海种群显示了与以前报告的模式有明显不同的现象,即在无性生殖期间,前仔虫口围带和口侧膜在老结构位置更新形成;左右缘棘毛的发生与老缘棘毛无明确关联,这不同于尖毛科的其他纤毛虫.棘毛基部纤维包括前纵纤维、后纵纤维、横纤维和放射纤维,其中左缘棘毛基部横纤维的定位与已知几种纤毛虫的同种结构不一样;细胞形态发生中,位于前后额腹横棘毛原基区的纤毛器及其基部纤维瓦解消失,左右缘棘毛原基区中左缘棘毛基部横纤维首先退化解体,这一过程与原基区的分化密切联系,并且老棘毛及其基部纤维对原基的形成和分化可能具有物质贡献;其他纤毛器及其基部纤维在皮层残留的时间较长,它们可能是伴随着老结构逐渐失去功能而退化瓦解的.     

纤毛虫阔口游仆虫(Euplotes eurystomus)微管类细胞骨架的超微结构

采用透射电镜术显示腹毛类纤毛虫阔口游仆虫(Euplotes eurystomus)的微管类细胞骨架包括纤毛器微管骨架和非纤毛器微管骨架.结果表明:细胞皮层纤毛器中除纤毛杆、纤毛基体微管外,其基体间连接纤维、基体托架、基体附属微管、纤毛器基部附属微管束以及围棘纤维篮等也是皮层纤毛器微管的重要组成部分,各种微管相互联系、聚...     

小腔游仆虫(Euplotes aediculatus)皮层微管胞器的荧光标记

应用荧光紫杉醇直接荧光标记和抗a-微管蛋白抗体免疫荧光标记,显示了纤毛虫小腔游仆虫(Euplotes aediculatus)皮层纤毛器微管、纤毛器基部附属微管和背皮层表面微管等结构,以及皮层纤毛器微管的形态发生.结果表明,该游仆虫背皮层表面网在形态上与嗜银网相一致,也是一种微管类细胞骨架;与其他几种游仆虫比较,前仔虫口纤毛器和背皮层纤毛器微管的形态发生存在不同的模式,其形态发生可能具有种的特异性,可以作为种的分类依据之一.此外,与FLUTAX(fluorescence taxoid)标记方法相比较,抗α-微管蛋白抗体免疫荧光标记能较清晰地显示游仆虫背皮层表面微管网及早期发生的额腹横棘毛原基和背触毛原基,推测该游仆虫的细胞背表面微管网与其他微管结构其微管蛋白组分可能存在差异,且形态发生中伴随着皮层纤毛器微管的组装和成熟,其微管蛋白组分同时也在不断发生变化.     

异毛虫Allotricha curdsi的形态及形态发生的扫描电镜观察

扫描电子显微镜技术显示:腹毛目纤毛虫异毛虫(Allotricha curdsi)的口围带领部前1片和口围带翻领基部1片小膜由3列纤毛组成,而不同于其他小膜含4列纤毛的情况;在口围带、波动膜及相应皮层区形成小膜侧向纤毛和口盖结构;背皮层背触毛列中每根背触毛的纤毛单元由含纤毛杆的基体和无纤毛杆的裸毛基体组成;形态发生中前仔虫的口围带是由老口围带部分更新而来,并且后仔虫口围带原基在表膜下首先发生,此后突出表膜形成相应的纤毛器原基,经历一系列的发育分化过程而成为新仔虫的纤毛器.此外,将本种纤毛虫与以前报道的Allotricha curdsi(漠河株系)和Pleurotricha curdsi进行了比较.结果表明,腹毛目纤毛虫口皮层和口围带小膜的组成可能具有一些普遍性特征,口皮层和口纤毛器的结构可作为分类标准依据之一;形态发生中不同种类的纤毛虫其皮层纤毛结构的形态发生,可能是在皮层内不同的深度和皮层表面不同的位置启动的;并且,口纤毛结构的起源对纤毛虫的系统学及分类的研究也具有一定的参考价值.     

华美游仆虫皮层细胞骨架的超微结构及免疫电镜观察

 应用透射和免疫电镜术,在超微结构水平观察显示,腹毛类纤毛虫华美游仆虫的皮层纤毛器和非纤毛器细胞骨架中,表膜下、细胞质深部的微管或纤维束,以及纤毛器及纤毛器附属微管等均是以α-和 β-微管蛋白为主要成分的微管类结构;中心蛋白定位于纤毛器的基体腔、基体基部近中心端、基体基部近中心端连接及基体中部连接结构中,而在纤毛杆和皮层非纤毛器微管中无中心蛋白成分存在。据此认为,该纤毛虫中,基体部位的蛋白组成机制与纤毛杆及纤毛器附属结构是不同的,非分裂期细胞中定位于基体主体部位的中心蛋白可能与维持相关结构的稳定性有关。     

包囊游仆虫纤毛器微管在不同生理状态下的分化

应用FLUTAX染色及荧光显微术研究了包囊游仆虫的皮层微管胞器及其形成包囊和脱包囊过程中结构的分化：（1）细胞无性分裂过程中，棘毛基部的毛基体由紧密聚集状态逐渐分离、瓦解和消失；背纤毛基体逐渐膨大，基体内的周围微管散开成梅花形，之后在相应皮层区发生由颗粒组成的条带形原基.（2）细胞形成包囊时，口围带、波动膜和额腹横棘毛等微管胞器经历了部分去分化的过程，伴随着细胞体的凝缩，其纤毛器相互聚集，定位于球形体包囊细胞腹面；背纤毛按原有模式排列，位于包囊细胞背面.（3）脱包囊过程中，细胞吸水膨大，细胞体分化成变形虫状并显示一致的弱荧光，但未见微管胞器的荧光图像；细胞通过包囊壁背面小孔脱囊而出，恢复成为正常形态的纤毛虫；此后，在细胞脱包囊后残留的包囊壁背壁尚保存有部分背纤毛的痕迹.根据所得结果推测,形态发生中，纤毛器微管对新结构的形成可能有物质联系或物质贡献；脱包囊时，细胞成变形虫状，其微管结构可能发生了解聚和再分化的过程.     

贻贝棘尾虫腹皮层纤毛器形态发生的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜术观察到,贻贝棘尾虫无性分裂过程中,处于形态发生区的表膜产生孔洞,于小孔内伸出纤毛芽,组成新纤毛器的原基区;老口围带后1/3部分发生更新,前2/3部分的小膜无明显变化,此后两者共同形成前仔虫的口围带;左、右缘棘毛原基分别在老缘棘毛前端和中部的棘毛瓦解位置产生,此后新的左、右缘棘毛列分别在老缘棘毛的右侧形成.结果表明,贻贝棘尾虫形态发生中,纤毛器基体是在表膜下发生的,前仔虫口围带结构建成与部分老口围带的更新有关,并且处于形态发生区的老纤毛结构对新结构的形成不但具有物质贡献,并可能具有定位或定向作用.     

纤毛虫胞质微管及大核的FLUTAX-EB荧光标记方法

以游仆虫、尖毛虫和尾柱虫三种腹毛目纤毛虫为材料,在应用FLUTAX方法显示纤毛虫细胞微管结构的标本制备过程中,增加了EB染色的歩骤,使标记纤毛虫细胞皮层微管的同时也显示了细胞核的结构.并提出了实验中对EB浓度及渗透时间等需注意的方面.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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