Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of copper, nickel and bimetallic Cu– Ni nanoparticles for potential use in dental materials

The antibacterial effect is a desirable property in dental materials.Development of simple methods for the preparation of nanosized metal particles has attracted significant attention because of their future applications due to unusual size-dependent antibacterial properties.Copper(Cu),Nickel(Ni) and bimetallic Cu–Ni nanoparticles were prepared by a simple chemical method and their antibacterial activity was tested against the widely used standard human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus(gram-negative) and Escherichia coli(gram-positive).Additionally,these nanoparticles were tested against the dental pathogen Streptococcus mutans.Our results are promising for potential use in dental materials science.     

球磨-酯化复合改性槟榔芋淀粉对Pickering乳液形成的影响

为了提高淀粉颗粒的乳化能力,以球磨-酯化复合改性槟榔芋淀粉为颗粒乳化剂,大豆油为油相,制备水包油型Pickering乳液。采用激光粒度仪、研究级正置显微镜、流变仪等对Pickering乳液外观、液滴粒径、显微形态及动态流变特性进行表征,考察淀粉颗粒质量浓度(1、5、10、20、30mg/mL)和油相体积分数(10%、20%、30%、40%、50%)对乳液稳定性和流变特性的影响。研究发现:增加颗粒质量浓度导致乳化相体积增加,液滴粒径减小;随着油相体积分数的增加,乳化相体积增加,液滴粒径增大。当颗粒质量浓度为20mg/mL,油相体积分数为40%时,乳液的乳析现象明显改善。球磨-酯化复合改性槟榔芋淀粉颗粒吸附在油/水界面,有效抵抗了液滴聚结,使乳液在储存30d后仍表现出良好的稳定性。流变特性表明:乳液内部存在弹性凝胶网络结构,随着颗粒质量浓度和油相体积分数的增加,液滴间堆积变得更紧密,从而增加了乳液黏度和凝胶强度,使其抵抗形变能力增强。球磨-酯化复合改性槟榔芋淀粉颗粒具有良好的作为Pickering乳液稳定剂的潜力。     

Preparation,characterization, and antibacterial activity of γ-irradiated silver nanoparticles in aqueous gelatin

Colloidal silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were obtained through γ-irradiation of aqueous solutions containing AgNO₃ and gelatin as a silver source and stabilizer, respectively. The absorbed dose of γ-irradiation influences the particle diameter of the Ag-NPs, as evidenced from surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. When the γ-irradiation dose was increased (from 2 to 50 kGy), the mean particle size was decreased continuously as a result of γ-induced Ag-NPs fragmentation. The antibacterial properties of the Ag-NPs were tested against Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Gram-positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a) (Gram-negative) bacteria. This approach reveals that the γ-irradiation-mediated method is a promising simple route for synthesizing highly stable Ag-NPs in aqueous solutions with good antibacterial properties for different applications.     

Antibacterial properties and corrosion resistance of AISI 420 stainless steels implanted by silver and copper ions

Silver or copper ions are often chosen as antibacterial agents. But a few reports are concerned with these two antibacterial agents for preparation of antibacterial stainless steel (SS). The antibacterial properties and corrosion resistance of AISI 420 stainless steel implanted by silver and copper ions were investigated. Due to the cooperative antibacterial effect of silver and copper ions, the Ag/Cu implanted SS showed excellent antibacterial activities against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) at a total implantation dose of 2×1017 ions/cm2. Electrochemical polarization curves revealed that the corrosion resistance of Ag/Cu implanted SS was slightly enhanced as compared with that of un-implanted SS. The implanted layer was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Core level XPS spectra indicate that the implanted silver and copper ions exist in metallic state in the implanted layer.     

Pickering乳液聚合法制备pH敏感复合微胶囊及其缓释性能

利用反相Pickering乳液聚合法制备了聚α-甲基丙烯酸/二氧化硅复合微胶囊。以改性纳米二氧化硅为稳定剂,以液体石蜡作为油相,以α-甲基丙烯酸的水溶液作为水相,经超声乳化,可得到水/油型的Pickering乳液。再经过聚合,即可得到复合微胶囊。微胶囊的平均粒径约为10μm,胶囊壁由二氧化硅颗粒层和聚合物层两部分组成,壁厚约为1μm。以罗丹明B为缓释试剂研究了微胶囊的可控缓释性能,研究结果表明复合微胶囊具有良好的pH敏感性,在碱性体系中罗丹明B的释放量为15.0%,在酸性体系中罗丹明B释放量提高至98.4%。     

Pickering乳液稳定性研究进展

 Pickering乳液由于具有独特的界面粒子膜、环境响应性等优势,在化工新型材料和催化材料领域获得广泛应用。本文对Pickering乳液稳定机理进行综述,指出影响Pickering乳液稳定性的3个关键因子分别为界面张力、三相接触角和粒子粒径,阐明了固体颗粒表面润湿性、固体颗粒浓度、水相电解质、水相pH值、油水相体积比等因素通过固体颗粒界面膜理论和三维黏弹粒子网络机理对Pickering乳液稳定性的影响。     

Preparation and properties of chitosan-VC loaded nano-silver-doped natural latex

As one kind of the modern medical devices, various catheters are commonly used in interventional therapy, but they are prone to infection in the human body, which is a defect in clinical treatment. At present, the commonly used catheters are mostly treated with antibacterial coatings on the rubber catheters. However, there are some problems for their application, such as, easy peeling of the coating and poor durability of antibacterial properties. In order to solve the above problems, a kind of nano-silver antibacterial agent reduced and stabilized by Vitamin C modified chitosan was prepared, and then added into natural latex to produce an antibacterial latex with antibacterial properties from the inside to the outside. The chemical properties, mechanical properties and antibacterial properties of the samples were characterized, and the antibacterial mechanism of VC modified chitosan/nano silver was analyzed. The results showed that the antibacterial rates of the latex samples against E. coli and S. aureus reached 97.38% and 98.45%.     

负载姜黄素的高浓度乳化物对乳化肠品质的影响

姜黄素具有很强的生理和药理活性,但在水中的低溶解度限制了其生物可接受度以及在食品工业中的应用。为了提高姜黄素的生物可接受度,发挥其抗氧化性能,采用超声方式将其溶解于亚麻籽油中。制备姜黄素-卵清分离蛋白高浓度乳化物,并在乳化肠生产中使用此高浓度乳化物替代背膘脂肪。研究姜黄素不同质量浓度(800、900、1000、1100、1200mg/L)时高浓度乳化物的抗氧化性、生物可接受度;以姜黄素高浓度乳化物按照不同质量分数(25%、50%、75%、100%)替代乳化肠中的背膘脂肪,测定乳化肠的质构、色差等性质。结果表明:1200mg/L姜黄素的抗氧化性能最好,且生物可接受度最好;进行背膘脂肪替代后,总体上看,乳化肠亮度及黄度值增加,蒸煮损失减小,硬度降低,弹性升高。综合考虑各项指标,以姜黄素高浓度乳化物替代75%的背膘脂肪是较为合适的替代率。最终的乳化肠背膘脂肪用量降低25%,在乳化肠油相中存在的姜黄素生物可接受度达到0.112mg/g。     

(1→3)-α-D葡聚糖的季铵盐合成及其抗菌活性(1→3)-α-D葡聚糖的季铵盐合成及其抗菌活性

来源于Penicillium chrysongenum的碱溶性 (1→3)-α-D葡聚糖与缩水甘油基三甲基季铵盐酸盐（glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride, GTMAC）反应，生成葡聚糖季铵盐。IR图谱中季铵基团上的甲基的变角振动峰1480cm^-1、伸缩振动峰2872cm^-1变化明显，¹H-NMR表征确定季铵基团在糖环2、4位连接。该葡聚糖的最低抑菌浓度对大肠杆菌为1.0mg/mL，对金黄色葡萄球菌为2.0mg/mL。细胞质释放检测结果显示，葡聚糖季铵盐通过作用于细菌细胞膜而发挥抗菌作用。     

苦丁茶不同产地及采收部位抗菌活性成分研究

【目的】研究不同产地及采收部位的苦丁茶抗菌活性及其与5种活性成分之间的相关性,为苦丁茶商品化采摘提供参考。【方法】选用不同产地的、加工及未加工的苦丁茶叶子,采用热水提取苦丁茶;使用杯碟法测定苦丁茶水提物的抑菌活性;经高效液相色谱法同时测定苦丁茶中槲皮素、山萘酚、熊果酸、齐墩果酸的含量,苯酚-硫酸法测定其多糖含量;采用SPSS统计软件将测得的5种活性成分的含量与抑菌活性进行双变量相关性研究。【结果】不同产地苦丁茶水提物的总体抗菌强弱为广西广东海南,且对金黄色葡萄球菌的作用最强,大肠杆菌最弱;加工的未加工的。除山萘酚外,其余4种成分与3种细菌均呈显著性相关(R0.01)。【结论】不同苦丁茶样品的抗菌活性与活性成分含量均有一定的差异;苦丁茶水提物中槲皮素、多糖、熊果酸、齐墩果酸与抑菌活性有显著相关性。     

Novel enzymatically crosslinked chitosan hydrogels with free-radical-scavenging property and promoted cellular behaviors under hyperglycemia

The impairment of regenerative processes induced by high blood-glucose level (hyperglycemia) and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the diabetic complication progression and development. In this study, an injectable, in situ crosslinkable chitosan hydrogel with ROS-scavenging capability was developed by conjugating gallic acid onto the chitosan backbone (CGA). We hypothesized that gallic acid serves as both antioxidant and crosslinking moieties to form hydrogel in situ by means of enzymatic crosslinking with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The rapid gelation (from 30 s) was observed by vial tilting. The mechanical properties and microstructures of CGA hydrogels can be well controlled by varying the concentrations of H₂O₂. The ROS-scavenging ability of these CGA hydrogels was demonstrated against DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, and total reducing power. Notably, in an in vitro hyperglycemia environment, CGA hydrogels significantly improved the proliferation and migration of human dermal fibroblast cells, which are closely related to diabetic wound healing. These results suggest that CGA hydrogels have potential as advanced materials for the treatment of diabetes-related diseases via attenuating the excessive ROS production and improving cellular behaviors.     

Bioactivity and constituents of several common seaweeds

Bioactivity and constituents of 8 common seaweeds from Dalian intertidal zone of northern Yellow Sea were investigated. In the anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) test, Symphyocladia latiuscula and Enteromorpha intestinalis showed obvious activities with MICs much lower than 1.0 mg·mL-1 . In the DNA damage repair test (DDRT), Chondrus ocellatu showed selective inhibitory activity against the DNA repair-defective E. coli strain vs. the wild-type E. coli strain; while Sym. latiuscula, Enteromorpha intestinalis and Sar. kjellmanianum showed significant anti-E. coli activity with MICs of 64-128 g·mL-1 . In the anti-Pyricularia oryzae test, Sym. latiuscula and Rh. confervoides strongly inhibited the germination of the spores of P. oryzae on agar plate. In the brine shrimp larvicidal test, Sym. latiuscula, Rh. confervoides and Sar. kjellmanianum exhibited potent toxicity against brine shrimp larvae, with LC50 much lower than 1 mg·mL-1 . The HPTLC analysis revealed their diversified secondary metabolites. The HPLC-DAD-MS analysis of the strongest species Sym. latiuscula and database searching showed that it can produce quite diversified metabolites, including halogenated ones, some of which may be new natural products. The results demonstrated the potentials of these seaweeds in the development of new antibiotics, antitumor drugs, agricultural fungicides and pesticides.     

Synthesis of Schiff bases of naphtha[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine and metal complexes of 2-(2′-hydroxy)benzylideneaminonaphthothiazole as potential antimicrobial agents

Objective: A series of 2-benzylideneaminonaphthothiazoles were designed and synthesized incorporating the lipophilic naphthalene ring to render them more capable of penetrating various biomembranes. Methods: Schiff bases were synthesized by the reaction of naphtha[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine with various substituted aromatic aldehydes. 2-(2′-Hydroxy)benzylideneaminonaphthothiazole was converted to its Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) metal complexes upon treatment with metal salts in ethanol. All the compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities by paper disc diffusion method with Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and Gram negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of all the Schiff bases and metal complexes were determined by agar streak dilution method. Results: All the compounds moderately inhibited the growth of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. In the present study among all Schiff bases 2-(2′-hydroxy)benzylideneaminonaphthothiazole showed maximum inhibitory activity and among metal complexes Cu(II) metal complex was found to be most potent. Conclusion: The results obtained validate the hypothesis that Schiff bases having substitution with halogens, hydroxyl group and nitro group at phenyl ring are required for the antibacterial activity while methoxy group at different positions in the aromatic ring has minimal role in the inhibitory activity. The results also indicated that the metal complexes are better antibacterial agents as compared to the Schiff bases.     

两亲性嵌段聚合物稠油降粘剂的合成与性能评价

稠油降粘冷采是一种重要的稠油开采方式。本工作设计并合成了一种两亲性嵌段聚合物降粘剂HPAM/AOS。该降粘剂具有较高的表面活性,且其亲水嵌段中含有大量极性基团,使其同时具有较强的乳化能力及稠油亲和性,从而有效提高了降粘效果。利用旋滴界面张力仪、电稳定性测定仪及激光粒度分析仪等测定了降粘剂对稠油的乳化能力,通过Zeta电位仪测定降粘剂对稠油的亲和性。结果发现,与HPAM相比,HPAM/AOS油水界面张力降低了98.2%,达0.007 mN.m^-1;破乳电压提高了104.9%,达420 V。与AOS相比,HPAM/AOS稠油乳液Zeta电势绝对值降低了75.3%,为-17.8 mV,具有更强的稠油亲和性。总体上,与HPAM及AOS相比,HPAM/AOS稠油降粘率分别提升了74.2%及48.7%,降粘效果明显。     

盐度控制的乳状液可逆转相技术发展现状

乳状液具有很好的物理化学性质,在油田施工中被广泛应用,也是石油化工行业中常见的油水存在形式。由于油包水乳状液和水包油乳状液的性质差别很大,研究乳状液的可逆转相技术对于原油开采和运输具有重要意义。通过调节无机盐的浓度,可以方便快捷地控制乳状液的相转变。综述了国内外关于盐度控制的乳状液可逆转相技术的研究现状和应用情况,主要针对无机盐控制的表面活性剂型乳状液、Pickering乳状液、微乳液的转相和逆转相的行为、机理进行了介绍。分析了现有的盐度控制的乳状液可逆转相技术的不足,并针对其不足提出了改进建议。最后对未来该领域的发展和应用情况进行了展望。     

含水原油流变规律实验研究

从大庆油田现场实际出发全面研究高含水原油流变特性 ,即含水原油视粘度与含水率的关系 ,含水原油视粘度与剪切速率的关系 ,含水原油视粘度与油温的关系等 ,给出了测试的相应曲线并对曲线进行了分析 .该油田油水乳状液转相点在 w( H2 O)为 65 .2 %左右 ,在转相点以前是以油为外相 ,水为内相的 W/O型乳状液 ,视粘度随含水量上升而增加 ,且受温度影响较大 ,同时剪切速率影响也相当明显 .随着剪切速率的增加 ,转相点的视粘度明显下降 .在转相点以后 ,形成水为外相 ,W/O型乳状液为内相的 ( W/O/W)水包油包水型复杂的多重乳状液 ,乳状液视粘度随含水量增加而降低 ,且受温度和剪切速率影响 ,乳状液视粘度进入高含水区后变化趋于平缓 .用曲面拟合方法回归出流变参数方程 .通过现场取样和数据处理分析可知 ,含水原油其流变特性可由幂律本构方程表示 .这一结论为准确计算高含水原油管道工艺参数奠定了基础     

Effective antibacterial and phase change PEG/Cu2O@A-HNTs composites for melt-spun difunctional PA6 fiber

Serving as the only defensive line between pathogens and human body, personal protective equipment (PPE) is increasingly attractive among researchers because of their strong antibacterial and temperature control abilities. However, efficient antibacterial properties and regenerative thermal control simultaneously remain unexplored in PPE. Here, one-dimensional halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) modified by acid etch method, are used to synthesis a multifunctional material of PEG/Cu₂O@A-HNTs via in-situ reduction and physical adsorption which serves the above two purposes. PEG/Cu₂O@A-HNTs showed rapid bacterial inactivation and achieved 96.3% bacteriostatic rate against E. coli in only 20 ?min. Meanwhile a broad and complete inactivation spectrum included both E. coli and S. aureus following a series of antibacterial mechanisms. Moreover, adsorption of 70 ?wt% PEG by acid etch HNTs is attributed to the nearly 3 times increased specific surface area compared with native HNTs. This enabled PEG/Cu₂O@A-HNTs to attain a phase change enthalpy of 108.4 ?J/g. In addition, using PEG/Cu₂O@A-HNTs as additives, antibacterial and phase change fiber (APCF) were melt-spun. Their efficiency factor against E. coli and S. aureus was above 99.99%, and retained a temperature control ability for 180s and 272s compared with PA6 fiber in hot and frigid environments respectively.     

Rapid and highly effective bacteria-killing by polydopamine/IR780@MnO2–Ti using near-infrared light

Bacterial infections are becoming a serious public health challenge because the abuse of antibiotics worldwide has caused bacterial resistance and the occurrence of superbugs. In this work, a new near-infrared (NIR) photoresponsive coating was constructed on Ti implant material, which was composed of MnO₂, IR780 photosensitizer and polydopamine (PDA). Under the irradiation of 808 nm NIR light, the component of MnO₂ in the coating exhibited high photothermal performance, and IR780 could be stimulated to generate ROS as a photosensitizer. The addition of PDA not only improved the cytocompatibility of the composite coating but also strengthened the light absorption ability of the system. Under the irradiation of 808 nm NIR light for 15 min, the composite coating killed 99.94% Staphylococcus aureus and 99.89% Escherichia coli on Ti plates. This rapid and highly effective bactericidal rate was ascribed to the synergistic effects of photothermal performance and photodynamic effect of the coatings excited by NIR light. Cell culture tests showed that PDA/IR780@MnO₂–Ti had good cytocompatibility due to the excellent biocompatibility of PDA and nanostructured surface. Therefore, this surface system will be a very promising plateform to safely and effectively kill bacteria on biomedical devices and implants in a short time.     

聚合乳清蛋白包埋油脂功能特性的研究

研究了聚合乳清蛋白包埋鱼油和月见草油后凝胶功能特性的变化.结果表明,鱼油凝胶的乳化性、乳化稳定性明显优于月见草油凝胶(P<0.01),随着凝胶天数的增加,鱼油和月见草油凝胶的乳化性和乳化稳定性均有所降低;鱼油凝胶乳化性第4天出现明显下降(P<0.05),月见草油凝胶乳化性下降不明显(P>0.05);鱼油凝胶黏度明显低于月见草油凝胶黏度,平均比月见草油凝胶低16.57%,随着凝胶形成天数的增加,黏度均近似成线性模型增长;两种凝胶在实验所设定的剪切速率范围内均表现为剪切变稀,呈假塑性;鱼油凝胶硬度略高于月见草油凝胶,但差异不显著(P>0.05),随着凝胶形成天数的增加,凝胶硬度都略有增加,但增加不显著(P>0.05).     

黄原胶/溶菌酶纳米凝胶稳定乳液处理结晶紫废水

基于黄原胶/溶菌酶纳米凝胶(XG/Ly NPs)颗粒稳定剂,考察其稳定的乳液(Pickering乳液)对结晶紫的吸附行为,并建立吸附机理模型.结果表明:不同能量输入制备的Pickering乳液下层水相的透明度不尽相同,涡旋法制备Pickering乳液的透光率与XG/Ly NPs透光率规律一致,即p H越低透光率越低;但均质法制备乳液下相透光率较高,说明能量输入改变了XG/Ly NPs在界面的组装行为.涡旋制备的乳液结晶紫吸附量随着其浓度的提高逐渐提高,当结晶紫浓度为2.5～20 mg/L时,在10 mg/L时达到饱和吸附量,对结晶紫吸附率可达到90%;均质制备的Pickering乳液吸附能力均高于涡旋制备的乳液,在试验浓度范围内吸附率可达到105%.