晶体相场法模拟小角度晶界的位错结构及其演化

采用晶体相场模型模拟小角度晶界结构和在外加应力作用下晶界、位错的演化过程,从位错的运动形式、体系自由能与应变关系等角度,讨论晶界位错运动和湮没过程。结果表明:在稳定的小角度晶界中,位错间距与位向差成反比。位错和晶界区域具有较高的能量密度;外加应力会导致一个位错组脱离晶界而分解成两个位错组,且有诱发晶界湮没的趋势;晶界湮没过程可以出现4个阶段或2个阶段,且存在敏感位向差角,位向差稍高于5.85°时晶界湮没过程呈4个阶段,位向差稍低于5.85°时晶界湮没过程呈2个阶段;位向差越小,晶界湮没过程越简单快捷。     

Determining role of heterogeneous microstructure in lowering yield ratio and enhancing impact toughness in high-strength low-alloy steel

Here we present a novel approach of intercritical heat treatment for microstructure tailoring,in which intercritical annealing is introduced between conventional quenching and tempering.This induced a heterogeneous microstructure consisting of soft intercritical ferrite and hard tempered martensite,resulting in a low yield ratio(YR)and high impact toughness in a high-strength low-alloy steel.The initial yielding and subsequent work hardening behavior of the steel during tensile deformation were modified by the presence of soft intercritical ferrite after intercritical annealing,in comparison to the steel with full martensitic microstructure.The increase in YR was related to the reduction in hardness difference between the soft and hard phases due to the precipitation of nano-carbides and the recovery of dislocations during tempering.The excellent low-temperature toughness was ascribed not only to the decrease in probability of microcrack initiation for the reduction of hardness difference between two phases,but also to the increase in resistance of microcrack propagation caused by the high density of high angle grain boundaries.     

Determining role of heterogeneous microstructure in lowering yield ratio and enhancing impact toughness in high-strength low-alloy steel

Here we present a novel approach of intercritical heat treatment for microstructure tailoring, in which intercritical annealing is introduced between conventional quenching and tempering. This induced a heterogeneous microstructure consisting of soft intercritical ferrite and hard tempered martensite, resulting in a low yield ratio(YR) and high impact toughness in a high-strength low-alloy steel. The initial yielding and subsequent work hardening behavior of the steel during tensile deformation were modified by the presence of soft intercritical ferrite after intercritical annealing, in comparison to the steel with full martensitic microstructure. The increase in YR was related to the reduction in hardness difference between the soft and hard phases due to the precipitation of nano-carbides and the recovery of dislocations during tempering.The excellent low-temperature toughness was ascribed not only to the decrease in probability of microcrack initiation for the reduction of hardness difference between two phases, but also to the increase in resistance of microcrack propagation caused by the high density of high angle grain boundaries.     

Effect of upper contact line on sliding behavior of water droplet on superhydrophobic surface

With a low surface energy, high apparent contact angle(>150°) and low sliding angle(<5°), superhy- drophobic surface has recently been attracting a great deal of attention. The true factor determining the sliding angle still remains unclear. In this paper, various superhydrophobic silicon surfaces with pillars are fabricated by photolithography and hydrophobized with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). Relations between sliding angles and micro-structured surfaces are being investigated in detail with 10 mg wat...     

Cretaceous synfolding remagnetization components revealing tectonic rotation of the middle Yangtze fold belt

To reveal the deformation process of the middle Yangtze fold belt, we conducted a paleomagnetic study on Middle Triassic limestones and Middle to Late Jurassic sandstones from Wanzhou, Chongqing. Stepwise thermal and alternating field demagnetization were used to isolate the multi-component re-manent magnetizations. The Jurassic samples were overprinted by recent geomagnetic field, while three magnetization components were isolated from the Middle Triassic samples. A low temperature component (LTC) was isolated at temperatures below 200℃, an intermediate temperature component (ITC) at 200―360℃ and a high temperature component (HTC) at 400―460℃. The LTC is distributed around the present-day Earth magnetic field, probably a viscous component. Stepwise unfolding indi-cates that the maximum precision parameters of ITC and HTC components are achieved at 33±8% and 50±27% (with 95% confidence) unfolding, respectively. The best-clustered ITC mean direction, Dec = 11.2°, Inc = 45.2° (α₉₅ = 4.5°, N = 34), corresponding to a paleopole at 79.3°N, 219.5°E (d_p = 3.6°, d_m = 5.7°), is consistent with the Cretaceous reference direction of the South China Block (SCB). The best-clustered HTC mean direction (taking 70% unfolding), Dec = 24.2°, Inc =49.0° (α₉₅ = 3.6°, N = 23), corresponding to a paleopole at 69.2°N, 195.5°E (d_p =3.1°, d_m = 4.8°), suggests a clockwise rotation of 12.8°±3.5°. These synfolding remagnetization components clearly reveal that a clockwise rotation happened at the middle stage of folding, thus supporting that at least part of the variation in fold axis strikes is due to orocline rotation. Combined with published data, our analysis indicates that the Wan-zhou-Xiangxi segment of the middle Yangtze fold belt experienced oroclinal bending. Furthermore, a published post-folding component isolated from the Middle Triassic Puqi Formation suggests a 27.5°±5.8° clockwise rotation, confirming that at least 50% of the observed clockwise rotations in the eastern middle Yangtze fold belt can be attributed to oroclinal bending. The remagnetization data and geological evidence observed in the middle Yangtze fold belt suggest that collision between SCB and North China Block (NCB) probably lasted till the early period of Early Cretaceous.     

TC2对晨侧边界层高能电子暴投掷角的测定

通过对TC2卫星的科学数据分析,发现2005年5月15日磁暴期间,在北半球晨侧边界层,高能电子暴间歇性地出现。TC2上的载荷测得的数据表明在这些高能电子的投掷角与当地磁场成90°的夹角。     

蜻蜓柔性后翅模型的气动效能分析

为探究柔性材料对蜻蜓滑翔时气动特性的影响,通过数值仿真的方法,研究杨氏模量为3800 MPa,泊松比为0.18的三维柔性蜻蜓后翅模型在不同雷诺数和迎角滑翔时的气动效能和气动力作用下的结构变形.结果表明:柔性蜻蜓后翅在气动力的作用下会产生明显的弯曲扭转变形,且变形程度随着雷诺数和迎角的增大而增大,其中该扭转变形会使蜻蜓滑翔的实际迎角减小;由于产生了使迎角减少的扭转变形,使得在迎角为5°～30°滑翔时,升力系数减少了9％ ～45％,失速迎角增大10°以上;小迎角滑翔时,升力系数随速度增大而减小,大迎角滑翔时,升力系数与速度无明显相关性;大迎角滑翔时,在气流分离和柔性蜻蜓翼大角度扭转的作用下,上翼面的负压区向后缘移动,增加了负压区面积,增大了失速迎角,有利于提高蜻蜓飞行时的机动性.可见虽然柔性材料虽然会牺牲蜻蜓滑翔时的气动效能,但有助于蜻蜓高速大迎角飞行,提高了蜻蜓的机动性.     

Microstructure of ultrahigh carbon martensite

Recent experimental investigations suggest that the martensite formed by quenching carbon steels(0.2–1.26 mass %C) are composed of twins and nanoscale ω particles in twin boundaries, rather than carbon supersaturated uniform solutions. In order to probe the microstructure of the martensite with ultrahigh carbon content, a novel strategy is employed in the present study to obtain ultrahigh carbon martensite(approximate2.1 mass %C) by quenching ductile cast iron. The microstructure of the martensite was intensively characterized by high resolution transmitting electron microscopy. It is indicated that the microstructure of the ultrahigh carbon martensites is composed of ultrafine {112} 111 -type twins and high-density nano-scaled ω particles embedded in twin boundaries. These ω nanoparticles in twin boundaries could remarkably impede the deformation of the movement of the nanotwins in martensites, leading to poor ductility and strength of the quenched ductile cast iron. These findings not only reveal the substructures of ultrahigh carbon martensite, but also enhance the understanding of the mechanical behavior of high carbon steels and ductile cast irons.     

Infield superconducting properties of nano-sized Ag added Cu_(0.5)Tl_(0.5)Ba_2Ca_2Cu_3O_(10-δ)

Infield superconducting properties of {(Ag)_x/CUTl-1223};(x = 0, 0.5,1.0.2.0 and 4.0 wt %) nanoparticlessuperconductor composites were investigated under different applied magnetic field up to H = 8 T. The increase in critical temperature {T_c(0)} and decrease in normal state resistivity(p_o) were observed with increasing contents of Ag nanoparticles in CuTl-1223 superconducting matrix. The value of T_c~(onset)(K) remained almost unaffected by applying external magnetic field, but a decreasing trend in T_c(0) was observed by increasing the value of external applied magnetic field. The transition region below T_c~(onset)(K) showed Arrhenius behavior due to thermally activated flow of magnetic vortices. Enhancement in flux flow activation energy(U_o) and suppression in transition width(ΔT) of CuTl-1223 phase with addition of Ag nanoparticles showed the improvement in flux pinning strength of superconductor.     

节镍无磁不锈钢Cr18Ni6Mn3N的组织及性能

研究了节镍无磁不锈钢Cr18Ni6Mn3N的热轧及固溶后的力学性能和耐蚀性能,分析了其固溶和时效析出后的组织演变规律、冷变形过程中形变诱发马氏体相变及其磁性能.结果表明:该不锈钢的固溶组织为单相奥氏体,其力学性能和耐蚀性能均高于SUS304不锈钢;800℃保温4 h后,在晶界析出粒状氮化物,随着保温时间延长,逐渐沿晶界凸起片层状析出物并向晶内生长,保温20 h后,凸出的片层状析出物直径达20μm.冷轧压下率18.3%时尚未发现形变诱发马氏体组织,随着变形量增大,马氏体含量增多,磁导率上升,但与相同条件下的SUS304不锈钢相比,冷轧板固溶后相对磁导率可降至1.002,因此可用于低成本无磁不锈钢领域.     

Grain boundary characteristics and tensile properties of Ti14 alloy after semi-solid deformation

The microstructure and room-temperature tensile properties of Ti14, a new α+Ti₂Cu alloy, were investigated after conventional forging at 950℃ and semi-solid forging at 1000 and 1050℃, respectively. Results show that coarse grains and grain boundaries are obtained in the semi-solid alloys. The coarse grain boundaries are attributed to Ti₂Cu phase precipitations occurred on the grain boundaries during the solidification. It is found that more Ti₂Cu phase precipitates on the grain boundaries at a higher semi-solid forging temperature, which forms precipitated zones and coarsens the grain boundaries. Tensile tests exhibit high strength and low ductility for the semi-solid forged alloys, especially after forging at 1000℃. Fracture analysis reveals the evidence of ductile failure mechanisms for the conventional forged alloy and cleavage fracture mechanisms for the alloy after semi-solid forging at 1050℃.     

Metalizing reduction and magnetic separation of vanadium titano-magnetite based on hot briquetting

To achieve high efficiency utilization of Panzhihua vanadium titano-magnetite, a new process of metalizing reduction and magnetic separation based on hot briquetting is proposed, and factors that affect the cold strength of the hot-briquetting products and the efficiency of reduction and magnetic separation are successively investigated through laboratory experiments. The relevant mechanisms are elucidated on the basis of microstructural observations. Experimental results show that the optimal process parameters for hot briquetting include a hot briquetting temperature of 475℃, a carbon ratio of 1.2, ore and coal particle sizes of less than 74 μm. Additionally, with respect to metalizing reduction and magnetic separation, the rational parameters include a magnetic field intensity of 50 mT, a reduction temperature of 1350℃, a reduction time of 60 min, and a carbon ratio of 1.2. Under these above conditions, the crushing strength of the hot-briquetting agglomerates is 1480 N, and the recovery ratios of iron, vanadium, and titanium are as high as 91.19%, 61.82%, and 85.31%, respectively. The new process of metalizing reduction and magnetic separation based on hot briquetting demonstrates the evident technological advantages of high efficiency separation of iron from other valuable elements in the vanadium titano-magnetite.     

Low-cost (ZrCu)50-xTax high temperature shape memory alloys showing excellent shape memory effect

ZrCu-based alloys, as one of the most potential high-temperature shape memory alloys, show quite high martensitic transformation temperature, relatively low price for the raw materials, and good casting fluidity. In this work, the martensitic transformation (MT) and shape memory effect of (ZrCu)_50-xTa_x high-temperature shape memory alloys were systematically investigated. Both X ray diffraction and SEM backscattered electron image demonstrated the coexistence of the main phase monoclinic martensite phase and the second phase Ta₂Cu. SEM results also revealed that increasing Ta content resulted in a larger volume fraction of Ta₂Cu phase. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the MT temperatures remarkably increased with Ta addition. The ductility of the (ZrCu)_50-xTa_x alloys was reduced to some degree with increasing Ta content. The shape memory effect was improved significantly, in which (ZrCu)₉₈Ta₂ alloy showed the 6.19% maximum recovery strain during 8% pre-strain under compression at 25 ?°C.     

移动机器人空间姿态测量系统研究与设计

未知环境中机器人的自主导航研究一直是非常具有挑战性的前沿课题,要求机器人在定向移动之前必须先调整好自己的空间姿态;捷联惯性导航对空间姿态信息有明确的定义,具体通过倾斜角、方位角和工具面角来体现;针对目前已公开的空间姿态信息的解算数学模型存在缺陷的问题,结合空间坐标变换、空间直线方程和狗腿角的定义推导出倾斜角、磁方位角和工具面角的数学模型,并利用三轴加速度计和三轴磁强计给出具体的实现方案;测试结果表明:该方案能获得正确的空间姿态数据,倾斜角误差在±0.1°以内,磁方位角和工具面角误差在±1.5°以内,且成本低廉,体积小巧,是测量空间姿态的理想选择。     

微燃燃烧室流场结构及燃烧特性的初步优化

为了改进微型燃气轮机结构,优化燃烧室性能,采用UG及Ansys软件对微型燃气轮机燃烧室进行几何建模、网格划分、数学及物理模型建立。通过热态数值模拟,研究了叶片数目为12、18、24、30以及叶片安装角度为40°、45°、50°、55°时的燃烧室内流场及燃烧特性。模拟结果得出:随叶片数目及安装角度的增加,燃烧室内甲烷燃烧效率基本不变,均可达99%以上,总压恢复系数降低,出口温度分布因子降低,圆筒内壁温度升高,但一氧化氮排放无法降低。最终选择叶片数目为24、安装角度为45°作为优化结果。     

Magnetic-field-induced shape recovery by reverse phase transformation

Large magnetic-field-induced strains have been observed in Heusler alloys with a body-centred cubic ordered structure and have been explained by the rearrangement of martensite structural variants due to an external magnetic field. These materials have attracted considerable attention as potential magnetic actuator materials. Here we report the magnetic-field-induced shape recovery of a compressively deformed NiCoMnIn alloy. Stresses of over 100 MPa are generated in the material on the application of a magnetic field of 70 kOe; such stress levels are approximately 50 times larger than that generated in a previous ferromagnetic shape-memory alloy. We observed 3 per cent deformation and almost full recovery of the original shape of the alloy. We attribute this deformation behaviour to a reverse transformation from the antiferromagnetic (or paramagnetic) martensitic to the ferromagnetic parent phase at 298 K in the Ni45Co5Mn36.7In13.3 single crystal.     

鄂尔多斯盆地长7致密油储层二氧化碳驱油实验

鄂尔多斯盆地长7致密油储层具有致密和低压的特征,采用常规注水开发存在采收率低的问题,从而制约了致密油的开发效果。针对鄂尔多斯盆地长7致密油储层注水开发采收率低的问题,基于CO_2驱油细管实验、原油流变性测试实验、CO_2浸泡岩心实验以及岩心驱替实验,并结合润湿接触角测试方法和核磁共振成像技术,研究了长7致密油储层CO_2驱油的增产机理。研究结果表明:长7致密油最小混相压力为23.9 MPa,在长7致密油储层CO_2驱过程中,注采井间CO_2非混相驱占主导,在注入井附近局部区域可能出现混相驱;在地层温度压力(75℃,18 MPa)条件下,未溶解CO_2原油的黏度为8.87 mPa·s,溶解CO_2的原油黏度为7.99 mPa·s,其黏度降低幅度为9.9%;CO_2水溶液浸泡24 h后,长7致密砂岩的润湿接触角从66.1°降低到54.0°,亲水性增强;水驱致密砂岩岩心的驱油效率为47.2%,CO_2的驱油效率为71.5%,较水驱提高驱油效率24.3%,且致密砂岩渗透率越高CO_2驱油效果越好。实验证明CO_2驱可以显著提高长7致密油储层的驱油效率,是长7致密油高效开发的重要技术。     

纳秒脉冲等离子体激励控制短舱侧风流动分离实验研究

短舱进气道在侧风工作状态下会发生流动分离，导致发动机进气畸变，甚至造成发动机喘振。等离子体流动控制技术在改善流场特性领域具有自身独特的发展优势，其主要难点在于等离子体激励能否与流场产生有效耦合作用实现流动控制目标，而高压脉冲等离子体技术以其功耗相对较低、对流场持续产生扰动等优势，在控制翼型/机翼流动分离中已取得显著成果，在短舱流动分离控制中存在巨大的潜力。首先探究了侧风影响下短舱进气道的基准气动规律， 定量分析总压畸变程度，从而确定了等离子体激励工况，然后采用120°周向激励布局，在不同激励频率电压条件下，进行纳秒介质阻挡放电（NS-DBD）的流动控制效果验证和激励参数影响规律研究。结果表明：施加NS-DBD激励，总压损失系数降低，流动分离范围减小，总压畸变基本消失；随着激励频率的提升，总压畸变程度呈现先减小后增加的趋势；在激励过程中存在一个固有最佳耦合频率，在最佳耦合频率下，总压畸变改善效果最佳；在来流速度为25 m/s，来流偏角为10°的条件下，施加NS-DBD激励，使得平均总压损失系数减小了26.09%，畸变指数减小了31.48%；激励电压阈值上限为10 kV，阈值下限为8 kV；而通过改变激励电压，以改变激励能量的注入，对分离流场改善效果的提升不明显，因此，在实现分离流场控制的同时应尽可能降低激励电压至电压阈值下限，有助于降低能耗、提升寿命，促进等离子体流动控制技术的推广应用。     

New Early Triassic paleomagnetic data from Huangben section, Guangdong and its tectonic implications

Continent China is composed of several blocks of variable sizes during different geological times, inwhich South China Block is composed of three tectonic units: Yangtze Block, Jiangnan Fold Belt and Southeast China Coastal Fold Belt (Fig. 1(a)), the last…     

Effect of microstructure on the low temperature toughness of high strength pipeline steels

Microstructure observations and drop-weight tear test were performed to study the microstructures and mechanical properties of two kinds of industrial X70 and two kinds of industrial X80 grade pipeline steels. The effective grain size and the fraction of high angle grain boundaries in the pipeline steels were investigated by electron backscatter diffraction analysis. It is found that the low temperature toughness of the pipeline steels depends not only on the effective grain size, but also on other microstructural factors such as martensite-austenite (MA) constituents and precipitates. The morphology and size of MA constituents significantly affect the mechanical properties of the pipeline steels. Nubby MA constituents with large size have significant negative effects on the toughness, while smaller granular MA constituents have less harmful effects. Similarly, larger Ti-rich nitrides with sharp corners have a strongly negative effect on the toughness, while fine, spherical Nb-rich carbides have a less deleterious effect. The low temperature toughness of the steels is independent of the fraction of high angle grain boundaries.