基于OpenFOAM的正弦形沙丘表面流场特性研究

基于开源计算流体力学软件OpenFOAM,对沙丘表面流场进行数值模拟,将所得到的沙丘表面风速分布与野外观测结果进行对比,验证数值模拟的准确性.在此基础上,获得了距沙丘表面不同高度的速度分布曲线和沙丘表面上的速度矢量场,探讨了数值模拟结果对计算网格的敏感性,考察了沙丘宽高比对流场特性的影响.结果表明:OpenFOAM的标准k-ε模型能够预测低矮正弦形沙丘表面流场的速度转变特性;在贴近沙丘表面的内层,沙丘表面特定高度处的速度分布曲线相对于沙丘轮廓存在相位提前,随着高度的增加,相位提前量减少,速度变化趋于平缓;网格数目对外层速度分布影响较小,但对内层的速度分布则有重要影响;足够多的网格数目是获得精确的沙丘表面流场信息的必要条件,在沙丘流场数值模拟中应当引起重视;保持沙丘宽度不变,随着沙丘宽高比的减小,沙丘表面速度分布曲线的相位提前量变大,背风坡出现回流区,宽高比越小,回流区的长度与强度越大.     

小尺度新月形沙丘背风侧流场特性的大涡模拟分析

为了准确获得新月形沙丘背风侧湍流流场流动特性,采用基于Smagorinsky的亚格子尺度涡黏模型的大涡模拟(LES)方法,对简化了的实验缩比小尺度沙丘模型绕流气相流场进行了数值研究,模拟了相同来流风速、不同沙丘迎风坡度和高度下背风侧风场的湍流流动模式,获得了背风侧区域地表面摩擦系数分布,比较了回流区长度和湍流强度分布.模拟结果表明:LES方法能较好地揭示背风侧湍流流场特性;流场重附距离随沙丘迎风坡度和高度的增加而增大;背风侧回流区内湍流强度总体上比回流区外大,回流区内沙丘坡脚位置及重附点位置处湍流强度最大值出现在贴近地表附近,随沙丘高度的增加而增大;回流区中部湍流强度最大值出现在回流区顶部,随沙丘高度的增加先增大后基本不变.     

新月形沙丘表面流场的数值模拟

利用商用CFD流体计算软件FLUENT,对新月形沙丘流场进行数值模拟,得到沙丘表面气流结构;分析了迎风坡气流加速、背风坡回流区长度与沙丘高度、来流风速之间的关系。结果表明:沙丘高度是影响迎风坡气流加速的主要因素,沙丘高度越高,迎风坡气流加速越大,而来流风速对迎风坡气流加速的影响与沙丘高度比较,是小量可以忽略不计;回流区长度与沙丘高度的比值随着高度的增加而增加。     

栅栏沙丘表面流场的二维数值模拟

数值模拟是研究风沙地貌形态动力学和风沙工程工作原理的有效途径.本文利用数值模拟方法,通过对比不同的迎风坡度以及迎风坡上部设置阻沙栅栏条件下的沙丘近地面流场特征,讨论了沙区道路防护体系前沿"栅栏沙丘"形成发育的流场条件.结果表明,随沙丘迎风坡坡度增大,背风坡回流区变高、变长,且坡度15°后背风坡回流区流场基本不再变化.沙丘迎风坡阻沙栅栏的影响主要体现在气流的提前分离及其背风侧小涡的形成,回流区范围因叠加而变得更高、更远.这种流场变化特征对沙丘表面风沙过程具有显著影响,是形态趋于高大、断面趋于对称的栅栏沙丘形成发展的原因所在.     

多孔式喷嘴加湿旋流扩散燃烧流场的实验研究

利用激光粒子图像速度场测量技术对环型多孔式喷嘴的加湿与不加湿旋流扩散燃烧流场进行了实验研究,分析了湿度对旋流扩散燃烧流场的影响.结果表明,随着燃烧流场湿度增大,火焰明显变暗,火焰宽度和高度增大,回流区漩涡与燃烧器出口和喷嘴轴线间的距离减小,轴线上最大回流速度降低,轴线最大回流速度点与喷嘴的距离增加,逆流区宽度和喷嘴旋转射流扩展角减小,流场轴向出口的不均匀系数增大.     

低矮建筑非定常绕流大涡模拟影响因素研究

掌握结构周围风场及其特性,是开展建筑结构抗风设计的基础。借助采用大涡模拟（LES）的方法,对低矮建筑非定常绕流进行了大涡数值模拟研究,分别分析了不同运算时间、建筑物不同高度处及不同风速因素,对低矮建筑非定常绕流特性的影响。结果表明：（1）随着时间的增加,建筑物迎风侧的速度和压力均增大,背风侧的压力出现了负值,速度最小值出现在背风侧的涡中心位置;（2）随着建筑物高度逐渐增加,涡的位置逐渐向上偏移,由于风速比较均匀,当遇到建筑物时,在建筑物迎风侧,速度流线会形成一种上升的趋势,背风侧的压力逐渐增加;（3）随着风速的增加,建筑物的背风侧出现了大涡且速度逐渐增大,背风侧的压力最小值逐渐减小。     

包兰铁路沙坡头段防护体系近地面流场特征

基于地形和流场实测，研究了包兰铁路沙坡头段铁路防护体系近地面流场沿NNW-SSE方向的变化．结果表明，由于地形变化以及人工植被和草方格的存在，防护带内等风速线沿风向呈逐渐变疏和抬高的趋势，各高度的风速总体上呈递减趋势，风速放大率为负；沙丘迎风坡风速放大率为正，流动沙丘迎风坡风速放大率高于固定沙丘迎风坡．沙丘背风坡2．5m高度内风速放大率总体为负．防护带内的固定沙丘背风坡气流通体减速，各高度的风速放大率全部为负，平均为一1．48％／m．防护带内地表空气动力学特征发生变化，其中沙丘迎风坡地表风速廓线接近于对数率；人工植被带地表空气动力学粗糙度显著高于流沙区．     

低矮建筑非定常绕流大涡模拟影响因素

掌握结构周围风场及其特性,是开展建筑结构抗风设计的基础。借助采用大涡模拟(LES)的方法,对低矮建筑非定常绕流进行了大涡数值模拟研究。分别分析了不同运算时间、建筑物不同高度处及不同风速因素,对低矮建筑非定常绕流特性的影响。结果表明:(1)随着时间的增加,建筑物迎风侧的速度和压力均增大,背风侧的压力出现了负值,速度最小值出现在背风侧的涡中心位置。(2)随着建筑物高度逐渐增加,涡的位置逐渐向上偏移,由于风速比较均匀,当遇到建筑物时,在建筑物迎风侧,速度流线会形成一种上升的趋势,背风侧的压力逐渐增加。(3)随着风速的增加,建筑物的背风侧出现了大涡,且速度逐渐增大,背风侧的压力最小值逐渐减小。     

湿法烟气脱硫喷淋塔气体进口角度对塔内流场的影响

文章通过数值模拟和实验相结合的方法,研究了气体进口角度不同对塔内流场产生的影响。结果表明,由于射流的惯性作用,轴向速度分布发生偏斜,在单侧直流进口和偏斜射流两种情况下,喷淋塔塔内都会形成倾斜不均匀的流场分布,在进口侧形成回流区、死滞区和涡流区。在气体入口偏斜一定角度后,回流区内的气体逆向流速度会减小,同时随着气体流量的减小而减小。在这两种情况下,回流区、死滞区和涡流区会随气流的上升而逐渐减小,最终在塔高300mm处消失。随着塔高进一步升高,塔内流场趋于均匀分布,但高度增加会使投资和运行费用随之提高,因此,在保证脱硫效率的前提下,塔高以400mm左右为宜。     

障碍物对孤立山丘三维风场的影响

采用数值计算软件FLUENT研究障碍物的尺寸、障碍物与山坡坡底的距离对山丘风场的影响.根据计算结果绘制山顶上方50m处的湍流强度和速度变化图,山丘表面风速值线图以及来流方向分风速等值线图.分析结果表明:障碍物越高,距离山坡坡底越近,山顶风速减小幅度越大,越不稳定;山丘上游存在障碍物时,迎风坡和背风坡均出现低速区;障碍物距离山坡坡底较近时,迎风面上还出现了回流现象.迎风面、背风面的速度变化较大,不适合安装风力机;山丘两侧风速一直变化不大,比较适合安装风力机.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with