加捻对芳香族聚酰胺纤维拉伸性能的影响

本文对加捻芳香族聚酰胺纤维的拉伸性能进行了①定长加捻后拉伸;②定张力加捻后拉伸和③定长加捻后再退捻随后拉伸等三方面的测试.结果表明,芳香族聚酰胺纤维的强度及断裂伸长随捻度的增加而下降.对纤维断裂端进行了扫描电镜观察.加捻芳香族聚酰胺纤维断裂形态照片显示了纤维沿轴向分裂为微纤的现象,证明了微纤间横向联系的薄弱.加捻作用更削弱了这种联系,从而使纤维强度下降.本文对芳纶纤维在加工过程中应严格控制加捻提供了依据.     

ABAQUS混凝土损伤塑性模型的静力性能分析

为评估ABAQUS有限元软件中混凝土损伤塑性模型分析混凝土材料和构件静力性能的能力,用该模型对混凝土材料单轴、双轴应力状态下力学性能以及构件的抗弯、抗剪性能进行模拟,并与试验结果进行对比分析.结果表明,混凝土损伤塑性模型可以较为精确地模拟单轴受压、单轴受拉、双轴受压以及双轴受拉状态下混凝土材料的力学性能,能较好地反映双轴应力状态下的材料破坏包络线,也能较好地预测钢筋混凝土构件的抗弯和抗剪性能及其破坏特征,但不能很好地描述双轴拉压应力状态下混凝土材料的力学性能,也不能反映材料的体积应变发展变化规律.     

Reconfigurable self-assembly through chiral control of interfacial tension

From determining the optical properties of simple molecular crystals to establishing the preferred handedness in highly complex vertebrates, molecular chirality profoundly influences the structural, mechanical and optical properties of both synthetic and biological matter on macroscopic length scales. In soft materials such as amphiphilic lipids and liquid crystals, the competition between local chiral interactions and global constraints imposed by the geometry of the self-assembled structures leads to frustration and the assembly of unique materials. An example of particular interest is smectic liquid crystals, where the two-dimensional layered geometry cannot support twist and chirality is consequently expelled to the edges in a manner analogous to the expulsion of a magnetic field from superconductors. Here we demonstrate a consequence of this geometric frustration that leads to a new design principle for the assembly of chiral molecules. Using a model system of colloidal membranes, we show that molecular chirality can control the interfacial tension, an important property of multi-component mixtures. This suggests an analogy between chiral twist, which is expelled to the edges of two-dimensional membranes, and amphiphilic surfactants, which are expelled to oil-water interfaces. As with surfactants, chiral control of interfacial tension drives the formation of many polymorphic assemblages such as twisted ribbons with linear and circular topologies, starfish membranes, and double and triple helices. Tuning molecular chirality in situ allows dynamical control of line tension, which powers polymorphic transitions between various chiral structures. These findings outline a general strategy for the assembly of reconfigurable chiral materials that can easily be moved, stretched, attached to one another and transformed between multiple conformational states, thus allowing precise assembly and nanosculpting of highly dynamical and designable materials with complex topologies.     

偏磨抽油杆接箍力学性能及承载能力分析——以塔河油田抽油杆接箍断脱为例

针对塔河油田抽油杆接箍在采油生产过程中,易发生磨损现象,而导致抽油杆接箍断脱失效的问题。以直径为25mm抽油杆,基体材料为35CrMo接箍为研究对象,考虑接箍壁厚受磨损程度的影响,应用有限元方法,开展抽油杆接箍在拉压载荷作用下受力分析和承载范围分析。通过拉压试验测试和数值模拟结果对比分析并验证数值方法可靠性基础上,开展了拉压载荷在20KN-250KN下不同磨损量抽油杆接箍的力学性能分析。研究表明,等效应力和接触应力均随着载荷增大而增大,无磨损接箍在受力范围内均能满足应用要求。但由于接箍出现偏磨,其等效应力与接触应力分布对称性变差,且磨损严重时,其承载能力严重下降,断脱风险加大。     

新型弹簧支撑介电弹性作动器的力学特性建模及参数影响分析

为了研究新型弹簧支撑介电弹性作动器参数对其力学性能的影响规律,基于热力学理论建立了作动器力电耦合模型,提出了作动器内置弹簧刚度和驱动变形表征方法,并通过试验进行了验证,在此基础上分析了薄膜参数对作动器力学性能的影响。结果表明:该作动器在电压驱动下表现出了良好的轴向驱动特性,建立的力电耦合模型能够描述作动器的静态力学性能;作动器的静态刚度随薄膜轴向拉伸比、薄膜横截面积的增加而增大,随薄膜径向拉伸比、作动器有效长度及弹簧压缩量的增加而减少;而增大轴向、径向的拉伸比和薄膜横截面积可提高作动器的驱动性能。可见,研究结果可为作动器的设计和性能优化提供理论依据。     

对ABAQUS中混凝土弥散开裂模型的静力特性分析

为全面了解ABAQU S有限元软件中混凝土弥散开裂模型分析混凝土材料和构件的能力,用该模型对混凝土材料的单轴、双轴应力状态下力学性能以及构件的抗弯、抗剪性能进行模拟,并与试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明,混凝土弥散开裂模型能较精确地模拟单轴受拉和受压、双轴受压和双轴拉压应力状态下混凝土的力学性能,也能较好地预测钢筋混凝土构件的抗弯和抗剪性能及其相应的破坏形态,但不能很好地描述混凝土双轴受拉应力状态下材料的力学性能,也不能反映体积应变发展变化的规律。     

加捻对热致液晶聚芳酯初生纤维拉伸性能的影响

热致液晶聚芳酯(TLCP)的特殊化学结构使其具有高强度、高模量、低粘度、易加工等诸多优良特性,且TLCP纤维力学性能对其应用于纺织业具有举足轻重的作用。本论文主要研究加捻对TLCP纤维力学性能的影响,探究其影响机理。研究结果表明:加捻对其力学性能影响很大,TLCP纤维束的强力随着捻度的增加呈先增大后减小趋势。当TLCP纤维束的线密度为52.50 tex,捻度为130Tm时,最大强度为9.14 cN/dtex。未加捻TLCP单纤维的线密度为1.394 tex时,最大强度为11.3cN/dtex。     

Experimental Investigation of Yarn Twist Blockage

In twisting a yarn running over a guide surface, the twist inserted into the part in front of the guide is impeded to transmit freely to the part behind the contact zone. A new device has been set up for investigating twist blockage and yarn torque - twist simultaneously. Measurements of twist blockage in relationship to different parameters have been carried out by using a monofilament yarn and a multifilament yarn. The factors under consideration include the wrap angle, yarn tension and input twist.     

Origin of morphotropic phase boundaries in ferroelectrics

A piezoelectric material is one that generates a voltage in response to a mechanical strain (and vice versa). The most useful piezoelectric materials display a transition region in their composition phase diagrams, known as a morphotropic phase boundary, where the crystal structure changes abruptly and the electromechanical properties are maximal. As a result, modern piezoelectric materials for technological applications are usually complex, engineered, solid solutions, which complicates their manufacture as well as introducing complexity in the study of the microscopic origins of their properties. Here we show that even a pure compound, in this case lead titanate, can display a morphotropic phase boundary under pressure. The results are consistent with first-principles theoretical predictions, but show a richer phase diagram than anticipated; moreover, the predicted electromechanical coupling at the transition is larger than any known. Our results show that the high electromechanical coupling in solid solutions with lead titanate is due to tuning of the high-pressure morphotropic phase boundary in pure lead titanate to ambient pressure. We also find that complex microstructures or compositions are not necessary to obtain strong piezoelectricity. This opens the door to the possible discovery of high-performance, pure-compound electromechanical materials, which could greatly decrease costs and expand the utility of piezoelectric materials.     

Kinetic study of the DNA annealing properties of RECQ5β helicase

RecQ family helicases are critical for maintaining genomic integrity. Many RecQ family helicases not only unwind duplex, and other more complicated DNA structures, but also possess, interestingly, DNA annealing (strand pairing) activity. Here, we systematically investigated the DNA annealing properties of RECQ5β by measuring DNA annealing kinetics, equilibrium DNA binding, and kinetics of dissociation from ssDNA. RECQ5β catalyzed DNA annealing most efficiently when the enzyme molecules covered approximately 40%-50% of the DNA strand, in the absence or presence of different nucleotide cofactors (AMPPNP, ATPγS, or ADP) under our buffer conditions. A comparative study with RECQ5β1-662 confirmed that the C-terminal region of RECQ5β was essential for its high DNA annealing activity. These results contribute to our understanding of the mechanism of DNA annealing catalyzed by RecQ family helicases.     

高温养护混凝土及衬砌结构力学特征研究现状与分析

随着深部矿井和深长隧道的建设需要,混凝土结构面临着更加复杂的高地温环境。高温养护混凝土水化动力过程和力学特征规律与常温养护存在较大差异。概述了深部矿井和深长隧洞结构面临的高地温环境,分析了高温养护条件下混凝土水化动力过程,对高温养护混凝土力学性能演化机制和改善方法进行了综述;总结了不同高地温环境对衬砌结构黏结性能、温度场分布规律和受力特性的影响规律以及支护体系优化方法。认为高温养护混凝土水化反应机制不明确、温-湿条件耦合影响的非线性、工程研究领域和性能指标的单一性是高温养护混凝土性能演化表征及优化改性研究存在的主要问题。应加强高温养护条件下混凝土水化动力学模型的研究,建立温-湿度耦合养护条件下混凝土性能预测模型,拓展高温养护混凝土应用领域和强度等级的研究,以便更好地为高地温环境深地工程混凝土结构设计和应用提供指导。     

REPORT ON A PROJECT AIMED AT INCREASING THE STRENGTH OF FRICTION SPUN YARN BY USING A FALSE TWIST PROCESS

The lower strength of friction spun yarns has became a key problem that hinder the develop-ment of friction spinning,especially in high speeds and fine yarns.In this paper a project aimed atincreasing the strength of friction spun yarns by using a false twist process has been made.In re-ported experiment false twist was inserted into the yarn which has been formed on a friction spin-ning machine,so that it made the yarn untwist at first,then regain the twist.In the meantime draftwas applied to generate more tension than that which had been experienced during yarn formationon the friction spinning machine.It made the yarn reforming and the loosely bound fibres in thefriction spun yarn formed due to extremely low tension on the friction spinning machine becametighter.Results indicate that with the proper draft,tension and false twist the tenacity of processedyarn will increase more than 10%.This project is an attempt to discover whether improvements can be made and whether it isworth pursuing research into modifications of yarn structure.The results imply that if the yarntension can be raised during yarn formation on the friction spinning machine or a chance is offeredto the yarn to reform after the yarn formation the yarn tenacity will be increased obviously.     

Influence of a knot on the strength of a polymer strand.

Many experiments have been done to determine the relative strengths of different knots, and these show that the break in a knotted rope almost invariably occurs at the point just outside the 'entrance' to the knot. The influence of knots on the properties of polymers has become of great interest, in part because of their effect on mechanical properties. Knot theory applied to the topology of macromolecules indicates that the simple trefoil or 'overhand' knot is likely to be present in any long polymer strand. Fragments of DNA have been observed to contain such knots in experiments and computer simulations. Here we use ab initio computational methods to investigate the effect of a trefoil knot on the breaking strength of a polymer strand. We find that the knot weakens the strand significantly, and that, like a knotted rope, it breaks under tension at the entrance to the knot.     

中高应变率下泡沫金属动态拉伸有限元模型研究

泡沫金属单轴动态拉伸加载时往往会发生边缘局部破坏的现象,导致有限元模型结果不能准确地反映动态拉伸力学性能,本文基于三维(three dimensional,3D)Voronoi立方体模型开展了泡沫金属单轴动态拉伸数值仿真实验,采用改变加载路径与边缘胞壁加厚倍数两种方法,有效地避免了高应变率动态拉伸条件下泡沫金属边缘破坏的现象发生,提出了适用于高应变率下泡沫金属动态拉伸力学性能测试的方法。     

The Behavior of the Rotor Spun Yarn(OE yarn)with Involving Twist

The rotor spun yarn(OE yarn),twist of which is calledlayering twist,was added a few involving twist,and itsstructure and properties were measured.The experimen-tal results have shown that the morphological structure ofthe rotor spun yarn with modified twist was changed andits tensile properties and abrasion resistance were im-proved.     

用于齿面扭曲消减的齿向修形曲线设计方法

针对蜗杆砂轮磨消减齿面扭曲时存在成本高、效率低等问题,探讨在设计阶段消减齿面扭曲的途径。首先,基于蜗杆砂轮磨齿时的接触迹分析,给出了一种齿面扭曲的计算方法,分析了鼓形量及螺旋角对扭曲量的影响;其次,提出一种常用鼓形齿修形曲线的改进设计方法,将修形曲线分成三段,分别计算齿向左右两段各处扭曲量。在满足齿轮设计要求的前提下,通过调整三段曲线的比例因子以及各处的鼓形量,实现齿面扭曲量的消减。计算实例表明,该方法可有效消减齿面扭曲现象,减小齿向修形误差。     

金属氢的基态及超导电性

给出金属氢3种可能结构(bcc, fcc和hcp)的基态能量 表达式及力、 热物性, 并讨论金属氢 (fcc结构)的BCS弱耦合与Eliasherg强耦合超导电 性. 计算结果表明, 根据能量最低原理, 金属氢基态的fcc结构处于能量上更有利的位 置, 其晶格常数a=0.226 324 nm, 强耦合电-声耦合常数λ=1.806, 临界温度Tc=179.126 K.     

Predicting the Tensile Curve of Polyester Twisted Ply Yarn under Large Deformation

Considering the changes of ply yarn 's structure parameters during the axial extension,a new model has been proposed for predicting the tensile curve of polyester twisted ply yarn under large deformation without the tensile strength tests.The relationships between the structural parameters and tensile properties under large deformation were considered.The feasibility and accuracy of the model were studied by comparing the predictive results and the experimental ones.The structural parameters in the model were acquired under every strain before rupture.The radial dimension and twist angle of the yarn were obtained by an observation platform and image processing technique.The true modulus of the yarn was obtained indirectly from the tensile data of the single yarn and the mathematical equations.The tensile curves of the yarns at different twist levels for predicting were plotted.The results demonstrated that the predicted curve tendency and the values were quite close to the experimental ones.The model exhibited a good applicability to predict the tensile curves for low and medium twist yarns.     

岩盐水力压裂的破裂判据

岩盐的基本力学特性和破坏特征的实验结果表明,岩盐是一种“杨氏模量/强度（E/S）”比值极低的特殊软岩,其破坏遵循变形破坏准则,根据最大拉应变强度理论建立了岩盐水力压裂时计入铅直应力效应的破裂判据,并建议一般应采用单轴压缩实验来确定临界拉应变值,该判据与实验结果极为一致,适应于各种应力状态政下任何具有较小E/S比值的软岩。