基于快速成形技术的汽车覆盖件金属模具制造

为获得高质量的汽车覆盖件金属模具 ,提出了基于快速成形 (RP-Rapid Prototyping)技术的快速金属模具制造技术。分析了 RP技术的离散 /堆积成形原理 ,给出了采用RP技术制造非金属原型的工艺过程 ,介绍了基于并行处理技术的超大型 L OM-160 0快速成形系统。该系统采用非线性有限元对凝固过程中铸件的尺寸精度进行数值模拟 ,通过动态信息反馈优化原型尺寸 ,详细介绍了无焙烧陶瓷型精密铸造技术的工艺及机理。基于 RP技术的汽车覆盖件金属模具制造系统是一种全新的闭环控制模具设计与制造系统 ,经实际生产验证 ,取得良好的效果     

基于虚拟模具技术的铸造过程热应力分析

为了在铸造过程中有效分析预测裂纹倾向、变形和残余应力,从而为铸造工艺设计人员提供改进、优化工艺的科学依据,保证铸件尺寸精度及稳定性,提高铸件质量,提出了虚拟模具技术。虚拟模具技术仅使用了铸件部分的有限元网格分析铸造过程中的热应力。在虚拟模具技术中,弹簧杆单元是用来考虑铸件和模具的接触,一般来说,模具的体积相比铸件大得多,因此该方法能够大量减少网格数,节省大量的计算内存和时间。通过与传统的接触相比较,验证了该技术是可行的。     

基于光固化成型的功能零件无模具快速精密铸造工艺

论述了基于光固化成型的功能零件无模具快速精铸新技术,该技术将激光快速成型技术与精密铸造工艺结合起来,特别适宜具有复杂形状的金属功能零件整体制造．在新产品试制和零件的单件小批量生产中,不需复杂工装及模具,可大大提高制造速度,并降低制造成本．通过烟机叶片的制造实例,对这项新技术的工艺过程进行了深入的研究,提出了适用于功能零件无模具精密铸造生产的中空内部支撑光固化原型结构．     

环氧树脂浇注模具抛光技术

目前高压电器对浇注绝缘类环氧树脂浇注成型模具的质量和寿命要求很高,其中模具的型腔尺寸精度和表面粗糙度已成为决定市场竞争成败的首要因素。提出了环氧树脂浇注模具抛光相关工艺方法,表面粗糙度可完全达到设计技术要求,并且成本低,经济效益好,可为同类型零件加工提供参考。     

主轴刚度对超精密阵列微结构加工质量的影响规律研究

精密机械与精密仪器的表面常伴有阵列微结构,要求尺寸精度达亚微米级,表面粗糙度达纳米级,用快刀伺服加工辊筒表面上阵列微结构是一种高效加工方式,但加工质量的控制较难。通过分析超精密阵列微结构的特征,权释压电陶瓷驱动的快刀伺服器用于阵列微结构加工的优点,在设计和组建快刀伺服系统后,探索切削深度、主轴刚度等因素对加工精度的影响规律,检测工件的尺寸精度和表面粗糙度等,探索出有利于提高加工质量的工艺方法,为获得超精密阵列微结构提供工艺参数。     

精密模具的选材与工艺方法

介绍了中、小型精密冷作模具及精密塑料模具的合理选材以及减少淬火变形、降低加工成本、缩短制模周期、延长模具寿命的真空淬火与工艺方法。     

金属板材拉延快速模具的等离子喷涂制造工艺

为获得表面硬度更高、使用寿命更长的金属板材拉延快速模具,对等离子喷涂快速制模工艺进行了实验研究.阐述了工艺原理,分析了成形的关键,完成了复杂曲面零件的不锈钢快速拉延模具的试制,并对模具进行了表面处理及检测分析.该种制模工艺的关键是要喷涂成形一个具有足够厚度的高质量的模具表层.检测结果表明 所得模具不锈钢表层成形质量良好,厚度达到5 mm, HRC平均硬度为 34.4, 抛光后表面粗糙度达到0.2 μm; 表面激光熔凝进一步改善了表面质量,提高了耐磨性.     

熔模精密铸造低温型壳浇注探讨

为克服传统精密铸造热法浇注造成的铸件表面脱碳、化学粘砂、表面晶粒粗大等铸造缺陷 ,经反复实验 ,对精铸型壳层在浇注过程中温度场与应力场进行分析 ,提出了用复合法工艺制壳 ,采用低温型壳浇注的工艺方法 .以提高铸件机械性能和加工性能 ,降低精铸件废品率     

提高精密铸件质量的措施

本文针对我国目前精密铸造中存在的问题,通过分析和实验,指出使用ML-I型模料可以得到表面光洁度高,收缩率小,热稳定性好和机械强度高的蜡模。在气候干燥地区采用硅溶胶作粘结剂能使铸件表面粗糙度Ra从20～10μm降低到5～2.5μm。对于不锈钢和高合金钢的精密铸件,为了降低成本可以采用硅溶胶-水玻璃复合型。     

九九澳门回归镜铸造工艺

本文介绍了九九澳门回归镜的生产制作过程--通过分体制作,分别采用精密铸造、砂型铸造等工艺手段,并辅以机械加工和表面处理,最后整体装配成形.     

Research on Bipolar Pulse Current Electroforming in Precision Molds and Dies

Electroforming is a specialised electroplating process for the manufacture of precision metal parts and mold tooling. Because it can simplify technical process and shorten molding cycles, electroforming is also a rapid manufacturing technology. Compared with direct and unipolar pulse current, bipolar pulse current in electroforming can obtain fine structure and grain size as well as surface leveling, resulting in better precision and surface finish. In this paper, bipolar pulse current electroforming is introduced. The influencing parameters such as electrolyte parameter, additives, current density, pH, temperature, and pulse parameters have been studied by experiments. Experiments on nickel electroforming in molds and dies have been done. The results indicated that bipolar pulse current electroforming could improve the quality and precision further, while reducing internal stress.     

Evaluation of the microstructure,secondary dendrite arm spacing,and mechanical properties of Al-Si alloy castings made in sand and Fe-Cr slag molds

The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast A356 (Al-Si) alloy castings were investigated. A356 alloy was cast into three different molds composed of sand, ferrochrome (Fe-Cr) slag, and a mixture of sand and Fe-Cr. A sodium silicate-CO₂ process was used to make the necessary molds. Cylindrical-shaped castings were prepared. Cast products with no porosity and a good surface finish were achieved in all of the molds. These castings were evaluated for their metallography, secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS), and mechanical properties, including hardness, compression, tensile, and impact properties. Furthermore, the tensile and impact samples were analyzed by fractography. The results show that faster heat transfer in the Fe-Cr slag molds than in either the silica sand or mixed molds led to lower SDAS values with a refined microstructure in the products cast in Fe-Cr slag molds. Consistent and enhanced mechanical properties were observed in the slag mold products than in the castings obtained from either sand or mixed molds. The fracture surface of the slag mold castings shows a dimple fracture morphology with a transgranular fracture nature. However, the fracture surfaces of the sand mold castings display brittle fracture. In conclusion, products cast in Fe-Cr slag molds exhibit an improved surface finish and enhanced mechanical properties compared to those of products cast in sand and mixed molds.     

模具结构对连续纤维增强热塑性复合材料性能的影响

采用自行设计的两种不同结构的熔融浸渍模具制备了连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯预浸带，测试了模具结构对预浸带的孔隙率、纤维断裂率、界面形貌、纤维分散均匀度和拉伸强度的影响，建立了纤维浸渍模型和纤维断裂模型，并通过理论模型对预浸带的孔隙率和断裂率进行理论预测。结果表明，本文建立的数学模型能够有效预测预浸带的浸渍程度和纤维断裂率，可用于浸渍模具结构的优化设计；在本文范围内，与波浪形模具相比，斜齿形模具的多楔形区结构可以有效地降低预浸带孔隙率和提升纤维分散程度；波浪形模具的流道圆角半径较大，楔形区个数较少，与斜齿形模具相比，可有效降低纤维断裂率并提升拉伸性能。     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

高强度钢板方盒形件拉深粘模行为

采用方盒形件拉深成形的方法,对高强度钢板SPFC590在干摩擦和半干摩擦条件下的拉深粘模行为进行研究.选用的模具材料分为2类:一类为无涂层模具SKD11,SLD和等温淬火球墨铸铁ADI;另一类为以SKD11为基体的涂层模具TiCN(PVD),TiCN(CVD),TiC(CVD)和DLC.Si(DC-PACVD).采用无涂层模具时,在半干摩擦条件下仅少数几次拉深就出现宏观粘模现象,模具上粘模产生的位置位于凹模直边底部附近,而没有出现在凹模圆角处,并随着拉深次数的增加向上扩展;拉深工件上粘模产生的位置则位于工件项部的直边和圆角部分连接处,并随着拉深的进行向下扩展;涂层模具经120次拉深后均未发生明显的粘模,但TiCN(PVD)和TiCN(CVD)涂层模具在凹模底部附近出现了微观粘着物;TiCN(CVD)和DLC-Si(DC-PACVD)涂层模具拉深1 000次后均未出现明显粘模现象,但TiCN(CVD)涂层模具上出现了微观粘着物,而DLC-Si(DC-PACVD)涂层模具上没有任何粘着物产生.     

基于整体式陶瓷铸型的复杂零件快速铸造技术

传统的熔模铸造因其陶瓷铸型制备过程复杂、生产周期长、成本高,不适合单件、小批量生产及新产品试制.本文将光固化成形技术和凝胶注模成型技术结合在一起开发了一种面向复杂铸件整体式陶瓷铸型快速制备新方法.首先介绍了整体式陶瓷铸型快速制造过程,其次设计制造了与之相应的光固化树脂原型,制订了其热解工艺,并讨论了陶瓷铸型坯体干燥、烧结等问题,最后给出了空心涡轮叶片铸造实例,证实了新技术的可行性和有效性.     

冷弯厚壁钢管截面不同部位材料特性分布模型

对取自30种不同截面、不同厚度、不同钢材型号、不同厂家生产的冷弯厚壁矩形和方形钢管的568个试件进行了材料性能试验研究.结果表明:焊缝部位的屈服强度和极限强度相对于邻边均有提高;角部屈服强度提高系数随型钢中心线长与弯角内径之比的增大而增大,而各参数对极限强度的影响较小;焊缝两邻边间的强度差异很小.基于研究结果,提出了冷弯矩形和方形钢管屈服强度、极限强度、强屈比和伸长率沿截面的分布模型.当相应冷弯型钢截面的梁、柱强度和稳定分析中需要考虑冷弯效应的影响时,可以应用此分布模型.     

Rapid Manufacturing of Sand Molds by Direct Milling

Direct milling of sand molds is an important development in rapid manufacturing of sand molds. Direct milling is an effective method for manufacturing single or small batches of cast parts. This paper describes experimental investigations to find sand blocks with the appropriate strength, to describe wear patterns of different tools (high-speed steel (HSS), carbide, and polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools), and to analyze sand mold cutting mechanisms. The results show that the PCD tool outperformes the other tools in terms of tool life. Average flank wear and micro-tipping are the dominant tool failure modes in the sand mold milling process. With a flank wear limit of 0.3 mm, the PCD tool works continuously for about 70 h under the experimental conditions. The experimental results show that the cutting mechanism for direct milling sand molds differs from metal cutting.     

根系生态护坡的机理及试验研究

针对公路边坡开挖可能导致生态破坏和边坡失稳等问题,分别从理论上分析植物根系生态护坡的力学机理和从试验上研究根系的抗拉锚固能力.理论研究表明,根系提高土的抗剪强度主要是通过根-土接触面的摩擦力把土中的剪应力转换成根的拉应力来实现的;根系在生长时分泌了大量高分子聚合物,将其表面附近的土颗粒聚集起来,从而抵抗边坡土体受水流等...     

Rapid Manufacturing of Sand Molds by Direct Milling

Direct milling of sand molds is an important development in rapid manufacturing of sand molds. Direct milling is an effective method for manufacturing single or small batches of cast parts. This paper describes experimental investigations to find sand blocks with the appropriate strength, to describe wear patterns of different tools (high-speed steel (HSS), carbide, and polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools), and to analyze sand mold cutting mechanisms. The results show that the PCD tool outperformes the other tools in terms of tool life. Average flank wear and micro-tipping are the dominant tool failure modes in the sand mold milling process. With a flank wear limit of 0.3 mm, the PCD tool works continuously for about 70 h under the experimental conditions. The experimental results show that the cutting mechanism for direct milling sand molds differs from metal cutting.